ASTM D5000-89(2000)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Evaluating Activity of Clay Elements Using a Side-Stream Sensor
Standard Practice for Evaluating Activity of Clay Elements Using a Side-Stream Sensor
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a field procedure to determine whether the useful life of the clay has been exceeded in canister or bag-type clay elements that are installed in ground filtration units of aviation fuel handling systems.
1.2 The field procedure utilizes the apparatus of Test Methods D3948 to periodically test a small clay capsule installed in a sidestream around a clay treatment vessel that receives a fixed ratio of the same fuel that flows through the clay elements in the vessel.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation:D5000–89(Reapproved 2000)
Standard Practice for
Evaluating Activity of Clay Elements Using a Side-Stream
Sensor
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5000; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Calcined clay is a widely used adsorptive medium for removing polar contaminants and additives
from petroleum fluids. In refineries, clay is installed in large bed-type vessels to refine products such
as lubricants or aviation turbine fuel. In the field, clay is usually used in canister or bag type elements
installed as a bank of elements in a vessel to remove traces of contaminants, particularly from
non-additive jet fuel immediately before delivery to an airport.
1. Scope Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable
Separometer
1.1 This practice describes a field procedure to determine
whethertheusefullifeoftheclayhasbeenexceededincanister
3. Terminology
or bag-type clay elements that are installed in ground filtration
3.1 Definitions:
units of aviation fuel handling systems.
3.1.1 surfactants—surface active molecular species that
1.2 The field procedure utilizes the apparatus of Test Meth-
exhibit both water soluble and oil soluble properties, and affect
ods D 3948 to periodically test a small clay capsule installed in
the physical behavior at the interface between water and oil
a sidestream around a clay treatment vessel that receives a
phases by forming emulsions or changing the wetting charac-
fixedratioofthesamefuelthatflowsthroughtheclayelements
teristics of solid surfaces exposed to water and oil.
in the vessel.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.2.1 active limit—the Micro-Separometer (MSEP) rating
standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for informa-
by Test Methods D 3948 of the effluent from a clay monitor
tion only.
that represents low surfactant content and therefore continued
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
activity of the clay for absorption.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.2 clay—a naturally occurring mineral, largely hydrous
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
aluminum silicate, calcined at high temperature to remove
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
water and volatile matter, used in granular form as an adsorp-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tive media for removing polar compounds that are present in
2. Referenced Documents many hydrocarbon fluids.
3.2.3 clay treatment—a process for exposing fuels and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
blending components at ambient temperatures to granulated
D 2550 TestMethodforWaterSeparationCharacteristicsof
calcined clay in order to remove polar impurities such as
Aviation Turbine Fuels
surfactants.
D 3602 Test Method for Water-Separation Characteristics
3.2.4 deactivation of clay media—results when adsorptive
of Aviation Turbine Fuels (Field Test)
surfaces are no longer capable of adsorbing polar species and
D 3948 Test Methods for Determining Water Separation
improving the quality of the feed stream.
3.2.5 deactive limit—the MSEP rating by Test Methods
D 3948 of the effluent from a clay monitor that represents high
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum surfactant content and therefore the deactivation of the clay for
Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.J0 on
adsorption.
Aviation Fuels.
Current edition approved Oct. 27, 1989. Published December 1989.
Discontinued, See 1991 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
3 4
Discontinued, See 1994 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D5000–89 (2000)
FIG. 1 Schematic of Clay Sidestream Sensor Installation
3.2.6 sidestream—flow system that parallels the main flow
stream into and out of a unit, such as a vessel, holding filter FIG. 2 Clay Side-Stream Sensor
elements but usually operating at a lower flow rate.
4. Summary of Practice
when no improvement in quality is noted. Unless carried out
4.1 A sample of the clay from the element installed in a frequently, such testing may not disclose a deactivated clay
ground clay treatment vessel is placed into a clay holder that is
treatment vessel in time to prevent failure of downstream
then mounted in a sidestream cabinet that receives main fuel filter/separators.
flow through an inlet probe at a rate proportional to main line
5.3 To avoid such failures, a small sample of clay in a clay
flow.After preconditioning to ensure that flow is not bypassing
holder contained in a sidestream installation that receives flow
the holder, it is placed on-stream to monitor the clay elements
proportional to the main stream flow is evaluated periodically
in the main vessel.
using a reference fuel containing a known surfactant.When the
4.2 At intervals of two to eight weeks depending on
rating of the reference fuel by Test Methods D 3948 indicates
surfactant levels experienced in the system, the clay holder is
that the capsule clay is becoming spent, the elements in the
removed and tested twice in the Mark V deluxe or two-speed
main filter vessel are ready for change.
Micro-separometer with reference fuel containing a specified
surfactant additive. The rating of the reference fuel from the
6. Apparatus
clay holder by Test Methods D 3948 determines whether the
6.1 Sidestream Sensor, consisting of the following compo-
clay is deactivated or still capable of adsorbing surfactants. In
nents as illustrated in Fig. 2:
the latter case, the clay holder is returned to the sidestream 6
6.1.1 Inlet Probe, metal line and valve to the cabinet,
cabinet and monitoring continues. 6
6.1.2 Metal Line and Valve, from the cabinet,
4.3 If the rating suggests that clay is spent, the elements are 6
6.1.3 Cabinet, Flow Meter, accurate to 65%,
changed and a fresh clay holder is installed.Aplot or record of
6.1.4 Clay Holder and Air Bleed, contained in the sensor
successive periodic tests is desirable to anticipate changes of 6
cabinet, and
clay elements or to increase testing frequency. (Fig. 1 is a 6
6.1.5 Clay Cone Insert, (test capsule).
schematic of a sidestream sensor installation around a clay 5
6.2 Micro-Separometer, Mark V deluxe or two-speed.
treating vessel).
6.3 Clay Holder Bracket, and tubing assembly.
5. Significance and Use NOTE 1—The sensor cabinet and probes are installed across the inlet
and effluent of the clay treating vessel being monitored. The inlet probe
5.1 Clay elements are widely used in aviation fuel handling
mayconsistofashort6.4mm( ⁄4in.)diametertubethatprotrudesintothe
systems to adsorb polar contaminants that are picked up in
moving stream of fluid.
shipments by tanker, barge, or pipeline from refineries to
terminals, airports, or both. Some of these contaminants such 7. Reagents and Materials
as surfactants interfere with efficient operation of filter-
7.1 Reference Fluid Base, is fuel from the fuel supply
separator units that remove water from fuel.
system under evaluation. In the event the fuel contains addi-
5.2 In order to determine whether the clay elements are
tivesorhasaWSIMlessthan96thefuelshouldbeclaytreated
spent, it is necessary to test fuel both into and out of clay
as described in Test Methods D 3948.
treatment vessels frequently. Clay elements must be changed
5 6
The Mark V delux or two-speed Micro-Separometer is available from EMCEE Available from Gammon Technical Products, 235 Parker Avenue, Manasquan,
Electronics, Inc., 520 Cypress Ave., Venice, FL 34292. NJ 08736.
D5000–89 (2000)
NOTE 1—Insert cone spacer, (large end of cone on top). Pour clay into
cavity. Repeatedly, tap holder and add clay until level with top of cone.
FIG. 4 Clay Cone Spacer
NOTE 2—Use of a bench vise will aid in compressing gaskets, posi-
tioning the lid to holder body and installing the lid clamp.
8.2.4 Filter Paper or Media Migration Barrier from Clay
Element.
8.2.5 Gasket—(An additional gasket, as shown, may be
FIG. 3 Clay Holder (Exploded View)
added to assure a leak tight fit. The gasket hole should be of
approximately the same size as the top of the cone insert.)
8.2.6 O-Ring Seal.
7.2 Dispersing Agent, is a toluene solution containing 1 mg
of solid (100 % dry) bis 2 ethyl hexyl sodium sulfosuccinate
9. Pre-Conditioning the Clay Holder
per mL of toluene.
9.1 The clay holder is tested to ensure that flow will not
7.3 Reference Fuel—consists of dispersing agent in refer-
ence fluid base. To produce a MSEP rating by Test Methods by-pass the clay or components. The Test Methods D 3948
Mark V Micro-Separometer is used to perform this test as
D 3948 of 40 to 60 about 1 mL/L of dispersing agent is
required in the base. follows:
9.1.1 Using the two-speed Mark V Micro-Separometer:
8. Preparation of Clay Holder
9.1.1.1 Inordertooperateatthe15sdrive-speedrequiredto
8.1 Clay to fill the clay holder is obtained from a new clay test the clay holder, it is necessary to change the syringe drive
element (canister or bag type) at the time all elements in a clay gear selector to HIGH by l
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