ASTM E143-02

Standard Test Method for Shear Modulus at Room Temperature

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Shear modulus is a material property useful in calculating compliance of structural materials in torsion provided they follow Hooke’law, that is, the angle of twist is proportional to the applied torque. Examples of the use of shear modulus are in the design of rotating shafts and helical compression springs.
Note 3—For materials that follow nonlinear elastic stress-strain behavior, the value of tangent or chord shear modulus is useful for estimating the change in torsional strain to corresponding stress for a specified stress or stress-range, respectively. Such determinations are, however, outside the scope of this standard. (See for example Ref (1).)3  
The procedural steps and precision of the apparatus and the test specimens should be appropriate to the shape and the material type, since the method applies to a wide variety of materials and sizes.
Precise determination of shear modulus depends on the numerous variables that may affect such determinations.
5.3.1 These factors include characteristics of the specimen such as residual stress, concentricity, wall thickness in the case of tubes, deviation from nominal value, previous strain history and specimen dimension.  
5.3.2 Testing conditions that influence the results include: axial position of the specimen, temperature and temperature variations, and maintenance of the apparatus.
5.3.3 Interpretation of data also influences results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of shear modulus of structural materials. This test method is limited to materials in which, and to stresses at which, creep is negligible compared to the strain produced immediately upon loading. Elastic properties such as shear modulus, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio are not determined routinely and are generally not specified in materials specifications. Precision and bias statements for these test methods are therefore not available.
1.2 Values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. SI units are provided for information only.
1.3 t to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Nov-2002
• ICS: 77.040.10 - Mechanical testing of metals
• Technical Committee: E28 - Mechanical Testing
• Drafting Committee: E28.04 - Uniaxial Testing

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E143-01 - Standard Test Method for Shear Modulus at Room Temperature
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Replaced By: ASTM E143-02(2008) - Standard Test Method for Shear Modulus at Room Temperature
• Effective Date: 01-May-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E2207-15(2021) - Standard Practice for Strain-Controlled Axial-Torsional Fatigue Testing with Thin-Walled Tubular Specimens
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM F3122-14(2022) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Mechanical Properties of Metal Materials Made via Additive Manufacturing Processes
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM F3626-23 - Standard Guide for Additive Manufacturing — Test Artifacts — Accelerated Build Quality Assurance for Laser Beam Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB)
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C1793-15 - Standard Guide for Development of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide-Silicon Carbide Composite Structures for Nuclear Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C1783-15 - Standard Guide for Development of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Carbon-Carbon Composite Structures for Nuclear Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E143 –02
Standard Test Method for
1
Shear Modulus at Room Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E143; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
NOTE 1—The value of shear modulus may depend on the direction in
1. Scope
which it is measured if the material is not isotropic. Wood, many plastics
1.1 This test method covers the determination of shear
and certain metals are markedly anisotropic. Deviations from isotropy
modulus of structural materials. This test method is limited to
should be suspected if the shear modulus, G, differs from that determined
materialsinwhich,andtostressesatwhich,creepisnegligible
by substituting independently measured values of Young’s modulus, E,
compared to the strain produced immediately upon loading. and Poisson’s ratio, µ in the relation
Elastic properties such as shear modulus, Young’s modulus,
E
G 5 (1)
and Poisson’s ratio are not determined routinely and are
2~1 1 µ!
generally not specified in materials specifications. Precision
NOTE 2—In general, it is advisable, in reporting values of shear
modulus to state the stress range over which it is measured.
and bias statements for these test methods are therefore not
available.
3.1.2 torque, [FL]—a moment (of forces) that produces or
1.2 Values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as
tends to produce rotation or torsion.
−2
the standard. SI units are provided for information only.
3.1.3 torsional stress [FL ]—the shear stress in a body, in
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-
a plane normal to the axis or rotation, resulting from the
tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
application of torque.
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
3.1.4 angle of twist (torsion test)— the angle of relative
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
rotation measured in a plane normal to the torsion specimen’s
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
longitudinal axis over the gage length.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.5 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,
refer to TerminologyE6.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards: 4. Summary of Test Method
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-
4.1 The cylindrical or tubular test specimen is loaded either
2
ing
incrementally or continuously by applying an external torque
2
E8 Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
so as to cause a uniform twist within the gage length.
E 111 TestMethodforYoung’sModulus,TangentModulus,
4.1.1 Changes in torque and the corresponding changes in
2
and Chord Modulus
angle of twist are determined either incrementally or continu-
E1012 Practice for Specimen Alignment Under Tensile
ously. The appropriate slope is then calculated from the shear
2
Loading
stress-strain curve, which may be derived under conditions of
either increasing or decreasing torque (increasing from pre-
3. Terminology
torque to maximum torque or decreasing from maximum
3.1 Definitions:
torque to pretorque).
−2
3.1.1 shear modulus [FL ]—the ratio of shear stress to
corresponding shear strain below the proportional limit, also 5. Significance and Use
called torsional modulus and modulus of rigidity. (See Fig. 1.)
5.1 Shear modulus is a material property useful in calculat-
ing compliance of structural materials in torsion provided they
followHooke’slaw,thatis,theangleoftwistisproportionalto
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
the applied torque. Examples of the use of shear modulus are
Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on
Uniaxial Testing. inthedesignofrotatingshaftsandhelicalcompressionsprings.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2005. Published January 2003. Originally
NOTE 3—Formaterialsthatfollownonlinearelasticstress-strainbehav-
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E143– 01.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01. ior, the value of tangent or chord shear modulus is useful for estimating
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E143 –02
FIG. 1 Shear Stress-Strain Diagram Showing a Straight Line, Corresponding to the Shear Modulus, BetweenR , a Pretorque Stress,
andP , the Proportional Limit
the change in torsional strain to corresponding stress for a spec
...