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ASTM D2812-07

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Non-Lint Content of Cotton

Standard Test Method for Non-Lint Content of Cotton

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method for testing cotton for non-lint content is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since it is the best available procedure for obtaining objective data.
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, ensure the test samples to be used are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
This test method gives data on the non-lint content of raw cotton which can be used as a basis for: (1) estimating the net amount of manufactured textile product obtainable from raw cotton; (2) predicting the quality of cotton textile products, particularly their aesthetic properties; (3) assembling and blending bales in a mix on a non-lint content basis; (4) adjusting ginning and textile processing machines for maximum efficiency in cleaning lint; and (5) relating non-lint content of cotton to end-product quality and processing efficiency.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the non-lint content of cotton using the Shirley Analyzer. The cotton may be in the form of (1) raw stock, that is, cotton fiber that has been separated from the seed by ginning; (2) partially processed cotton, such as picker lap or sliver; or ( 3) ginning or processing waste, such as obtained from ginning, opening and cleaning, picking, carding, or combing machines.
1.2 This test method is especially adapted for determining non-lint content of cotton by use of the Shirley Analyser.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2006
ICS
59.060.10 - Natural fibres
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.11 - Cotton Fibers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2812-95(2002) - Standard Test Method for Non-Lint Content of Cotton
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7139-20 - Standard Terminology for Cotton Fibers
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007
Referred By
ASTM D1441-12(2020) - Standard Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for Testing
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007

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ASTM D2812-07 - Standard Test Method for Non-Lint Content of Cotton
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2812 – 07
Standard Test Method for
1
Non-Lint Content of Cotton
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2812; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
Terminology D123.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the non-
lint content of cotton using the Shirley Analyzer. The cotton
4. Summary of Test Method
maybeintheformof(1)rawstock,thatis,cottonfiberthathas
4.1 Aknown mass of raw cotton, partially processed cotton,
been separated from the seed by ginning; (2) partially pro-
or waste is fed into the machine. The machine, operating on
cessed cotton, such as picker lap or sliver; or (3) ginning or
mechanical-pneumatic principles, separates the foreign matter
processing waste, such as obtained from ginning, opening and
from the cotton and discharges the non-lint particles and lint
cleaning, picking, carding, or combing machines.
into separate chambers.
1.2 This test method is especially adapted for determining
4.2 The amounts of lint and non-lint recovered are calcu-
non-lint content of cotton by use of the Shirley Analyser.
lated as a percentage of the original specimen mass.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
5. Significance and Use
only.
5.1 Thistestmethodfortestingcottonfornon-lintcontentis
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
shipments since it is the best available procedure for obtaining
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
objective data.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
statements, see Section 7.
comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is
2. Referenced Documents a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
2 assistance. As a minimum, ensure the test samples to be used
2.1 ASTM Standards:
are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
from which the disparate test results were obtained, and are
D1441 Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for Testing
randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for
D7139 Terminology for Cotton Fibers
testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be
3. Terminology compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a
probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.11, Cotton Fibers,
found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future
refer to Terminology D7139.
test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
of the known bias.
foreign matter, invisible waste, lint, lint content, non-lint
5.2 This test method gives data on the non-lint content of
content, visible waste.
raw cotton which can be used as a basis for: (1) estimating the
net amount of manufactured textile product obtainable from
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
raw cotton; (2) predicting the quality of cotton textile products,
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.11 on Cotton Fibers.
particularly their aesthetic properties; (3) assembling and
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2007. Published April 2007. Originally
blending bales in a mix on a non-lint content basis; (4)
approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D2812 – 95(2002).
DOI: 10.1520/D2812-07.
adjusting ginning and textile processing machines for maxi-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
mum efficiency in cleaning lint; and (5) relating non-lint
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
content of cotton to end-product quality and processing effi-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
ciency.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2812 – 07
6. Apparatus 11. Procedure
6.1 Testing Instrument—Shirley Analyzer, commercially 11.1 Clean the delivery box, trash tray, and settling cham-
availab
...

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of moisture present in ordinary commercial and industrial samples of wool in all forms except grease wool, using the oven-drying technique.  
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5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Method D1574 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known bias.  
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5.3 The residues obtained in this test may be subjected to chemical analysis for identification and assay of the component materials, if desired.  
5.4 The specified solvent in this test method does not remove some materials, such as soaps, that may be present in wool and hence in some cases may reflect more closely the added content of some extractables in wool such as oils. When such materials are present and an estimate of their quantity is desired, some other solvent or combination of solvents should be used as spec...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of extractable matter in samples of all forms of wool, except grease wool, that is extractable with a non-flammable vapor degreasing and cleaning solvent.  
1.2 This test method does not cover the determination of the amounts of different components in the extracted matter nor their identification.  
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Note 1: The determination of extractable matter in yarns and in felts is covered in Test Methods D2257 and D461. For the determination of alcohol-extractable matter in oven-dry scoured wool, refer to Test Methods D584 and D1334.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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ASTM D1294-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength and Breaking Tenacity of Wool Fiber Bundles 1-in. (25.4 mm) Gage Length

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D1294 for the determination of tensile strength may be used for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of wool, but caution is advised since technicians may fail to get good agreement between results. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogenous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the breaking force (or load) and estimation of the tensile strength and tenacity of wool fiber bundles with a 1-in. (25.4 mm) gage length. A procedure for preparation of the fiber bundle is included.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Because the instrument is calibrated in inch-pound units, inch-pound units are shown first, contrary to Committee D13 policy.  
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.2 Maturity has a high positive correlation with fiber length and strength but genetic differences and differences in fiber wall thickness caused by plant diseases, soil, and water conditions during the growing season interfere with this relationship.  
5.2.1 Fine fibers are required for fine count yarn manufacture and fiber fineness affects yarn count, evenness and strength. Both fineness and ribbon width are strong genetic traits evident between species and affected by growing conditions within species.  
5.2.2 Micronaire has traditionally been used as a measure of fiber fineness although the value actually measures fiber specific surface area or surface area per unit weight. As a result, micronaire varies concomitantly with both maturity and fineness (see Fig. 2). Maturity and fineness are related to micronaire via Lord’s equation.4
FIG. 2 Relationship Between Micronaire (X), Fineness (H), and Maturity (M)  
5.3 Cottonscope values have been judged against fineness, maturity and ribbon width values produced by examination of thousands of individual, magnified fiber cross-sections. Relationships with equivalent values by these and other older test methods are highly significant5,6 particularly if the number of cross-sections analyzed is high (>3000) and the cross-sections are carefully prepared and measured. Cottonscope measures approximately 20,...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of linear density (gravimetric fineness hereafter stated as fineness), maturity, micronaire, and ribbon width of cotton fibers from a loose, chemically untreated sample taken before harvest, during ginning, during mill processing or unraveled from raw (undyed) yarn or fabric.  
1.2 This test method requires the use of an integrated instrument, for example, the Cottonscope (see Fig. 1), that measures the maturity, fineness, ribbon width, and micronaire of cotton fiber.2
FIG. 1 Cottonscope Instrument
Note 1: For another test method to determine the maturity of cotton fibers, refer to Test Method D1442.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6961/D6961M-09(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Color Measurement of Flax Fiber

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Few standards exist to objectively judge flax quality. Color is an important factor in the quality of flax fiber. Natural variations in raw flax fiber, various processing steps, fiber blending, and a wide range of end uses contribute to the need for a standard method of objectively measuring the color of flax fiber. Spectrophotometic data provide an accurate, precise determination of the color of flax fiber. Colorimetric data are obtained through specimen measurement by combining specimen spectral data with data representing a CIE standard observer and a CIE standard illuminant, as described in Practice E308.  
5.2 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two (or more) laboratories, comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that fiber sample type must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the instrumental color measurement of flax fiber.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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