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ASTM C288-20

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Disintegration of Refractories in an Atmosphere of Carbon Monoxide

Standard Test Method for Disintegration of Refractories in an Atmosphere of Carbon Monoxide

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 This test method is used to determine the relative resistance of various refractories to disintegration caused by exposure to a CO atmosphere. The results obtained by this method can be used to select refractories that are resistant to CO disintegration.  
2.2 This test method is suitable for research and development and for establishing CO disintegration criteria for specification acceptance.  
2.3 The disintegration of test specimens is accelerated by providing a higher concentration of CO than anticipated in most service environments. The effects on the test specimens may be different than those found for refractories in actual service conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the comparative behavior of refractories under the disintegrating action of carbon monoxide (CO). The test method is an accelerated exposure to CO to determine potential material behavior in a relatively short time.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Aug-2020
ICS
81.080 - Refractories
Technical Committee
C08 - Refractories
Drafting Committee
C08.04 - Chemical Behaviors
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM C288-20 - Standard Test Method for Disintegration of Refractories in an Atmosphere of Carbon MonoxideASTM C288-20 - Standard Test Method for Disintegration of Refractories in an Atmosphere of Carbon Monoxide
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C288 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Disintegration of Refractories in an Atmosphere of Carbon
1
Monoxide
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C288; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Apparatus
1.1 This test method covers the comparative behavior of
3.1 HeatedChamber—The chamber shall be gastight and of
refractories under the disintegrating action of carbon monoxide
a suitable size, made of stainless steel, brass, aluminum, or
(CO). The test method is an accelerated exposure to CO to
unoxidized Monel metal. A suggested size is 18 in. (460 mm)
determine potential material behavior in a relatively short time.
in diameter and 36 in. (910 mm) long. The unit may be heated
by resistance wire or other means, provided that at the
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
temperature of operation the difference in temperature between
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
any two points within the chamber shall not be greater than
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
20 °F (11 °C). The chamber may be provided with a thermo-
and are not considered standard.
couple well and shall have a gas inlet and outlet, with a
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
provision for gas sampling at the outlet.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.2 Temperature-Control Instrument—The temperature of
the test chamber shall be controlled and recorded by a suitable
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. instrument having the required accuracy.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.3 Atmosphere Control—The CO shall be supplied from a
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
tank, or of the gas, or manufactured by the conversion of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
carbon dioxide (CO ). The pressure from a tank supply
2
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
(caution, see Note 1) shall be reduced by a regulator made for
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
that purpose, and the flow of gas adjusted by means of a
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
sensitive needle or regulating valve.Aflowmeter shall be used
in the line as an aid for regulating the flow. When CO is used
2. Significance and Use
from a tank, iron carbonyl is present in the gas and may cause
2.1 This test method is used to determine the relative
clogging of the inlet tube, in which case the carbonyl may be
resistance of various refractories to disintegration caused by
removed before the gas enters the chamber. An Ascarite tower
exposure to a CO atmosphere. The results obtained by this
in the inlet line will remove the carbonyl, but this should be
method can be used to select refractories that are resistant to
preceded by a drying tower to prevent moisture from getting
CO disintegration.
into the Ascarite tower.
2.2 This test method is suitable for research and develop-
NOTE 1—As a precaution against the possibility of tank explosions, the
ment and for establishing CO disintegration criteria for speci-
tanks should be stored and used outdoors or in a separate building
fication acceptance.
designed to reduce the explosion hazard.
2.3 The disintegration of test specimens is accelerated by
3.4 Furnace Pressure Control—The unit shall be equipped
providing a higher concentration of CO than anticipated in
with a bubbling bottle or a sensitive gage to control the
most service environments. The effects on the test specimens
pressure of the exhaust gas. A positive pressure shall be
may be different than those found for refractories in actual
maintained throughout the test.
service conditions.
3.5 Gas Analyzer—Any conventional gas analyzer can be
used to periodically determine the CO content of the exhaust
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
gas.
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.04 on Chemical
Behaviors.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2020. Published September 2020. Originally
4. Test Specimens
approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C288 – 87 (2014).
DOI: 10.1520/C0288-20. 4.1 Ten specimens shall constitute a specimen set.
Copyrig
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C288 − 87 (Reapproved 2014) C288 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Disintegration of Refractories in an Atmosphere of Carbon
1
Monoxide
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C288; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the comparative behavior of refractories under the disintegrating action of carbon monoxide(CO).
monoxide (CO). The test method is an accelerated exposure to CO to determine potential material behavior in a relatively short
time.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Significance and Use
2.1 This test method is used to determine the relative resistance of various refractories to disintegration caused by exposure to a
CO atmosphere. The results obtained by this method can be used to select refractories that are resistant to CO disintegration.
2.2 This test method is suitable for research and development and for establishing CO disintegration criteria for specification
acceptance.
2.3 The disintegration of test specimens is accelerated by providing a higher concentration of CO than anticipated in most service
environments. The effects on the test specimens may be different than those found for refractories in actual service conditions.
3. Apparatus
3.1 Heated Chamber—The chamber shall be gastight and of a suitable size, made of stainless steel, brass, aluminum, or unoxidized
Monel metal. A suggested size is 18 in. (460 mm) in diameter and 36 in. (914(910 mm) long. The unit may be heated by resistance
wire or other means, provided that at the temperature of operation the difference in temperature between any two points within
the chamber shall not be greater than 20°F (11°C).20 °F (11 °C). The chamber may be provided with a thermocouple well and shall
have a gas inlet and outlet, with a provision for gas sampling at the outlet.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.04 on Chemical Behaviors.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2014Sept. 1, 2020. Published November 2014September 2020. Originally approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 20092014
as C288 – 87 (2009).(2014). DOI: 10.1520/C0288-87R14.10.1520/C0288-20.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C288 − 20
3.2 Temperature-Control Instrument —Instrument—The temperature of the test chamber shall be controlled and recorded by a
suitable instrument having the required accuracy.
3.3 Atmosphere Control—The CO shall be supplied from a tank, or of the gas, or manufactured by the conversion of carbon
dioxide(COdioxide (CO ). The pressure from a tank supply ((caution,Caution, see Note 1) shall be reduced by a regulator made
2
for that purpose, and the flow of gas adjusted by means of a sensitive needle or regulating valve. A flowmeter shall be used in the
line as an aid for regulating the flow. When CO is used from a tank, iron carbonyl is present in the gas and may cause clogging
of the inlet tube, in which case the carbonyl may be removed before the gas enters the chamber. A soda-asbestos (the Ascarite)
An Ascarite tower in the inlet line will remove the carbonyl, but this should be preceded by a drying tower to prevent moisture
from getting into the soda-asbestos. Ascarite tower.
NOTE 1—Caution:As a precaution against the possibility of tank explosions, the
...

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5.5 Although not recommended, this test method is sometimes applied to materials other than fireclay and high alumina. Such practice should be limited to in-house laboratories and never be used for specification purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pyrometric cone equivalent (PCE) of fire clay, fireclay brick, high-alumina brick, and silica fire clay refractory mortar by comparison of test cones with standard pyrometric cones under the conditions prescribed in this test method.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Certain weights are in SI units with inch-pound in parentheses. Also, certain figures have SI units without parentheses. These SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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