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ASTM E2712-09

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Forming Superplastic Metallic Sheet

Standard Test Methods for Forming Superplastic Metallic Sheet

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
When a superplastic material is regularly being used in industrial production, it is often convenient to use the bulge test to qualify a batch or heat lot to an acceptance criterion. Comparing these test methods with Test Method E 2448, the bulge test does not require a machined coupon, it is more convenient to perform, and it most closely simulates the multiaxial stresses and strains present in forming parts. These test methods do not measure the intrinsic superplastic properties of a material. Test Method E 2448 should be used in that instance.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe procedures for determining the biaxial formability of a superplastic metallic sheet in a circular die.
1.2 The intent of these test methods are primarily to be used as tests of superplasticity as measured by the ability to form to a prescribed depth in a die cavity without rupturing. These test methods can also be used to generate material for the measurement of cavitation in the formed part. These can be used as go/no go criteria for qualification to a specification.
1.3 These test methods have been used successfully with aluminum alloys. The use of these test methods on other metals should be verified.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Aug-2009
Technical Committee
E28 - Mechanical Testing
Drafting Committee
E28.02 - Ductility and Formability
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E2712-09e1 - Standard Test Methods for Forming Superplastic Metallic Sheet
Effective Date
01-Sep-2009

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ASTM E2712-09 - Standard Test Methods for Forming Superplastic Metallic Sheet
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E2712–09
Standard Test Methods for
Forming Superplastic Metallic Sheet
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2712; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope the center of the formed part can be examined for internal
cavitation within the sheet.
1.1 These test methods describe procedures for determining
the biaxial formability of a superplastic metallic sheet in a
4. Significance and Use
circular die.
4.1 When a superplastic material is regularly being used in
1.2 The intent of these test methods are primarily to be used
industrialproduction,itisoftenconvenienttousethebulgetest
as tests of superplasticity as measured by the ability to form to
to qualify a batch or heat lot to an acceptance criterion.
a prescribed depth in a die cavity without rupturing. These test
Comparing these test methods with Test Method E2448, the
methods can also be used to generate material for the measure-
bulge test does not require a machined coupon, it is more
ment of cavitation in the formed part. These can be used as
convenient to perform, and it most closely simulates the
go/no go criteria for qualification to a specification.
multiaxial stresses and strains present in forming parts. These
1.3 These test methods have been used successfully with
test methods do not measure the intrinsic superplastic proper-
aluminumalloys.Theuseofthesetestmethodsonothermetals
ties of a material. Test Method E2448 should be used in that
should be verified.
instance.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
5. Apparatus
standard.
5.1 The bulge test consists of forming a sheet of material
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
into a right circular cylindrical die using pressurized gas. The
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
apparatus is shown in Fig. 1. The die cavity has a 100-mm
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
diameter and a specified depth in a vessel suitably designed for
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
thepressureandtemperatureenvisagedforthetest.Thesurface
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
finish of the die cavity shall be 0.4 micrometer.
2. Referenced Documents 5.2 The depth of the die (X in Fig. 1), can be varied by
2 means of inserts or other methods to the depth set by the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
specification.Adepth of 55 mm has been successfully used on
E2448 Test Method for Determining the Superplastic Prop-
superplastic-forming (SPF) 5083 aluminum alloy. For conve-
erties of Metallic Sheet Materials
nience,aseriesofinsertsofdifferentheightscanbeinstalledin
3. Summary of Test Method the die to provide different depths according to the bulge test
requirements. The insert must allow the free passage of gas
3.1 Two methods of bulge forming are included in these test
around its periphery to the exhaust hole in the die.
methods.
5.3 The die entry radius is 5 mm. A lower plate with a
3.1.1 In the first test method, the sheet is formed into a die
control thermocouple can be moved to press against the die.
ofafixeddepthasprescribedinaspecification.Ifittouchesthe
The plate has a gas seal bead 0.7 mm high by 8 mm wide and
base of the die without rupturing, then it is considered to have
a 136-mm inside diameter. A gas pressurization system with a
met the specification.
gauge or other suitable means of measuring pressure and
3.1.2 In the second test method, the depth of the die is
detecting sheet failure shall be provided at the lower plate to
reducedsothatthematerialfillsthedie.Aportionexcisedfrom
form the material into the cavity. The pressure tolerance up to
1 MPa shall be 50 KPa, and above 1 MPa shall be5%of
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
pressure.An exhaust port in the die can be connected either to
Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.02 on
the atmosphere or to a second gas pressurization system that
Ductility and Formability.
provides a back pressure to the forming sheet.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published Ocotober 2009. DOI:
10.1520/E2712-09.
5.4 The apparatus is provided with a means of heating it to
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
the specified temperature for the material being tested. Usually,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
it is enclosed in a furnace equipped with doors opening in the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. front. The allowed tolerance between indicated and nominal
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E2712–09
FIG. 1 Bulge-Forming Apparatus
test temperature is 63°C up to 700°C and 66°C above 700°C. 6.1.2 Before testing, the vessel is brought up to the desired
The apparatus is provided with a means of moving the die or temperature. The sheet is placed onto the lower plate, and the
lower plate to insert and remove sheets of material and also to plate is then mechanically clamped to the die with sufficient
provide a force on the plate to counteract the force exerted by force to prevent gas leakage or the sheet drawing across the
the pressurized gas. Usually, it is installed in a hydraulic press seal during the test.
or clamping mechanism.
6.1.3 The test shall start as soon as the thermocouple
reaches the minimum temperature in the range specified, and
6. Procedure
the time taken shall be recorded. The temperature shall be
6.1 Dome Rupture Test:
within the tolerance specified in Section 5 from the time from
6.1.1 A sheet of superplastic material sized at least 160 by
initiation of applying gas pressure until the termination of test
160 mm is first cleaned so that it is free of surface contami-
or
...

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SCOPE
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4.1 This practice shall be used when ultrasonic inspection is required by the order or specification for inspection purposes where the acceptance of the forging is based on limitations of the number, amplitude, or location of discontinuities, or a combination thereof, which give rise to ultrasonic indications.  
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Standard Specification for Asphalt Roof Coatings—Asbestos-Free

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the properties and requirements for two types of asbestos-free asphalt roof coatings consisting of an asphalt base, volatile petroleum solvents, and mineral or other stabilizers, or both, mixed to a smooth, uniform consistency suitable for application by squeegee, three-knot brush, paint brush, roller, or by spraying. Type I is made from asphalts characterized as self-healing, adhesive, and ductile, while Type II is made from asphalts characterized by high softening point and relatively low ductility. The coatings shall conform to specified composition limits for water, nonvolatile matter, minerals and/or other stabilizers, and bitumen (asphalt). They shall also meet physical requirements as to uniformity, consistency, and pliability and behavior at given temperatures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asbestos-free asphalt roof coatings of brushing or spraying consistency.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    2 pages
    English language
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