ASTM E2510-07

Standard Test Method for Torque Calibration or Conformance of Rheometers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The test method calibrates or demonstrates conformity of the torque signal of a rheometer at ambient temperature.
A calibration factor thus determined may be used to obtain correct torque values.
This test method may be used in research, development, specification acceptance, and quality control or assurance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the calibration or performance conformance for the torque signal generated by commercial or custom-built rheometers. The specific range of the test depends upon the torque range of the rheometer.
1.2 SI units are the standard.
1.3 There is no ISO standard equivalent to this test method.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2007
• ICS: 17.060 - Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity
• Technical Committee: E37 - Thermal Measurements
• Drafting Committee: E37.08 - Rheology

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM E2510-07(2013) - Standard Test Method for Torque Calibration or Conformance of Rheometers
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2013

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2510 − 07
StandardTest Method for
Torque Calibration or Conformance of Rheometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2510; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method describes the calibration or perfor-
4.1 A known force is applied to a rheometer coupling shaft
mance conformance for the torque signal generated by com-
through a moment arm to produce a torque. The torque thus
mercial or custom-built rheometers. The specific range of the
applied is measured and compared to the measured torque.The
test depends upon the torque range of the rheometer.
ratio between indicated and applied torque is used to create a
calibration coefficient that may be used in future determina-
1.2 SI units are the standard.
tions.
1.3 There is no ISO standard equivalent to this test method.
4.2 The known force generated by suspended precision
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
mass or masses is transmitted to the rheometer coupling shaft
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
by a line and an appropriate series of pulleys.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.3 Torque is mathematically defined by Eq 1:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
τ 5dFsinΦ (1)
where:
2. Referenced Documents
τ = torque
2.1 ASTM Standards:
d = the length of the moment arm (m)
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
F = the applied force (N)
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe- Φ = the angle to the moment arm over which the force is
ology
applied (°)
E617 Specification for Laboratory Weights and Precision
4.3.1 If the force is applied tangentially at right angles (that
Mass Standards
is,Φ=90°)tothemomentarm,thensinΦ=1andEq1reduces
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
to Eq 2:
3. Terminology τ 5dF (2)
3.1 Specific technical terms used in this test method are 4.4 The moment arm in this test method is created by
definedinTerminologiesE473andE1142.Thesetermsinclude attaching a fixture of known radius to the rheometer coupling
angular frequency, frequency, loss modulus, rheometer, storage
shaft in lieu of a geometry, tool or plate. The radius of the
modulus, strain, stress, viscoelasticity, viscometer, viscometry, fixture is the value of d in Eq 2.
and viscosity.
4.5 A force is applied to the fixture at a tangent by a
3.2 Definitions:
suspended mass through a thin wire and a suitable pulley
3.2.1 torque, n—force applied through a moment arm that
arrangement (see, for example, Fig. 1).
produces or tends to produce rotation (N · m)
4.6 For a mass or masses of known value, the applied force
is given by Eq 3:
F 5Mgf (3)
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E37 on Thermal
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.08 on Rheol-
where:
ogy.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2007. Published March 2007. DOI: 10.1520/ M = the suspended mass (kg)
–2
E2510-07.
g = standard acceleration due to gravity (= 9.8065 m s )
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
f = correction factor for local gravity and air buoyancy
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
taken from Table 1 (dimensionless)
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2510 − 07
FIG. 1 Example of Suspended Mass
A
TABLE 1 Unit Force Exerted by a Unit Mass in Air at Various Latitudes and Elevations
Elevation Above Sea Level, m (ft)
Latitude, ° –30.5 to 152 152 to 457 457 to 762 762 to 1067 1067 to 1372 1372 to 1676
(–100 to 500) (500 to 1500) (1500 to 2500) (2500 to 3500) (3500 to 4500) (4500 to 5500)
20 0.9978 0.9977 0.9976 0.9975 0.9975 0.9974
25 0.9981 0.9980 0.9979 0.9979 0.9978 0.9977
30 0.9985 0.9984 0.9983 0.9982 0.9982 0.9981
35 0.9989 0.9988 0.9987 0.9987 0.9986 0.9985
40 0.9993 0.9993 0.9992 0.9991 0.9990 0.9989
45 0.9998 0.9997 0.9996 0.9996 0.9995 0.9994
50 1.0003 1.0002 1.0001 1.0000 0.9999 0.9999
55 1.0007 1.0006 1.0005 1.0005 1.0004 1.0003
A
Taken from Practice E4.
5. Significance and Use 6.1.1 Drive Actuator, to apply torque or angular displace-
ment to the specimen in a periodic manner capable of frequen-
5.1 The test method calibrates or demonstrates conformity
cies of oscillation from 0.001 to 100 rad/s. This actuator may
of the torque signal of a rheometer at ambient temperature.
also be capable of providing static torque or displacement on
5.2 A calibration factor thus determined may be used to
the specimen.
obtain correct torque values.
6.1.2 Coupling Shaft, or other means to transmit the torque
or displacement from the motor to the specimen.
5.3 This test method may be used in research, development,
specification acceptance, and quality control or assurance. 6.1.3 Geometry or Tool, to fix the specimen between the
drive shaft and a stationary position.
6. Apparatus
6.1.4 Sensor, to measure the torque developed by the speci-
6.1 Rheometer—The essential instrumentation required pro- men, a position sensor to measure the angular displacement of
vidingtheminimumrheologicalanalyticalcapabilitiesinclude: 50 nanoradians of the test specimen, or both.
E2510 − 07
6.1.5 Temperature Sensor, to provide an indication of the force of the suspended mass or masses tangentially to the test
specimen temperature to within 60.1°C. fixture and coupling shaft.An illustrative example is shown in
Fig. 1.
6.1.6 Furnace, or Heating/Cooling Element, to provide
controlled heating or cooling of a specimen at a constant
8. Calibration and Standardization
temperature or at a constant rate within the temperature range
of interest.
8.1 Prepare the apparatus for testing according to the
manufacturers recommendation as described in the operations
6.1.7 Temperature Controller, capable of executing a spe-
manual.
cific temperature program by operating the furnace or heating/
cooling element between selected temperature limits constant
9. Procedure
to within 60.1°C.
9.1 Measure the distance from the center of the connecting
6.1.8 Recording Device, capable of recording and display-
shaft to the edge of the test fixture to within 60.1 mm and
ing on the Y-axis any fraction of the measured signal (here
record this value as d.
applied torque) or calculated signal (such as viscosity, storage
and lo
...