ASTM B909-17

Standard Guide for Plane Strain Fracture Toughness Testing of Non-Stress Relieved Aluminum Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The property KIc, determined by Test Method E399 or ISO 12737, characterizes a material's resistance to fracture in a neutral environment and in the presence of a sharp crack subjected to an applied opening force or moment within a field of high constraint to lateral plastic flow (plane strain condition). A KIc value is considered to be a lower limiting value of fracture toughness associated with the plane strain state.  
4.1.1 Thermal quenching processes used with precipitation hardened aluminum alloy products can introduce significant residual stresses in the product. Mechanical stress relief procedures (stretching, compression) are commonly used to relieve these residual stresses in products with simple shapes. However, in the case of mill products with thick cross-sections (for example, heavy gage plate or large hand forgings) or complex shapes (for example, closed die forgings, complex open die forgings, stepped extrusions, castings), complete mechanical stress relief is not always possible. In other instances residual stresses may be unintentionally introduced into a product during fabrication operations such as straightening, forming, or welding operations.  
4.1.2 Specimens taken from such products that contain residual stress will likewise themselves contain residual stress. While the act of specimen extraction in itself partially relieves and redistributes the pattern of original stress, the remaining magnitude can still be appreciable enough to cause significant error in the ensuing test result.  
4.1.3 Residual stress is superimposed on the applied stress and results in an actual crack-tip stress intensity that is different from that based solely on externally applied forces or displacements.  
4.1.4 Tests that utilize deep edge-notched specimens such as the compact tension C(T) are particularly sensitive to distortion during specimen machining when influential residual stress is present. In general, for those cases where such residual stresses a...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers supplementary guidelines for plane-strain fracture toughness testing of aluminum products for which complete stress relief is not practicable. Guidelines for recognizing when residual stresses may be significantly biasing test results are presented, as well as methods for minimizing the effects of residual stress during testing. This guide also provides guidelines for correction and interpretation of data produced during the testing of these products. Test Method E399 is the standard test method to be used for plane-strain fracture toughness testing of aluminum alloys.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2017
• ICS: 77.150.99 - Other products of non-ferrous metals
• Technical Committee: B07 - Light Metals and Alloys
• Drafting Committee: B07.05 - Testing

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: B909 − 17
Standard Guide for
Plane Strain Fracture Toughness Testing of Non-Stress
1
Relieved Aluminum Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B909; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.3 ISO Standard:
ISO 12737 Metallic Materials–Determination of Plane
1.1 This guide covers supplementary guidelines for plane-
4
Strain Fracture Toughness
strain fracture toughness testing of aluminum products for
which complete stress relief is not practicable. Guidelines for
3. Terminology
recognizingwhenresidualstressesmaybesignificantlybiasing
test results are presented, as well as methods for minimizing 3.1 Definitions—Terminology in Test Method E399 and
the effects of residual stress during testing. This guide also Terminology E1823 are applicable herein.
provides guidelines for correction and interpretation of data
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
produced during the testing of these products. Test Method
3.2.1 corrected plane-strain fracture toughness— a test
E399 is the standard test method to be used for plane-strain
result, designated K (corrected), which has been corrected for
Q
fracture toughness testing of aluminum alloys.
residual stress bias by one of the methods outlined in this
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
guide.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The corrected result is an estimation of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the K or K thatwouldhavebeenobtainedinaresidualstress
Q Ic
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
freespecimen.Thecorrectedresultmaybeobtainedfromatest
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
record which yielded either an invalid K or valid K , but for
Q Ic
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
which there is evidence that significant residual stress is
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
present in the test coupon.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2.2 invalid plane-strain fracture toughness— a test result,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
designated K , that does not meet one or more validity
Q
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
requirements in Test Method E399 or ISO 12737 and may or
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
may not be significantly influenced by residual stress.
3.2.3 valid plane-strain fracture toughness— a test result,
2. Referenced Documents
2 designated K , meeting the validity requirements in Test
Ic
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Method E399 or ISO 12737 that may or may not be signifi-
E399 Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture
cantly influenced by residual stress.
Toughness K of Metallic Materials
Ic
E561 Test Method forK Curve Determination
R
4. Significance and Use
E1823 TerminologyRelatingtoFatigueandFractureTesting
4.1 The property K , determined by Test Method E399 or
2.2 ANSI Standard: Ic
3
ISO 12737, characterizes a material’s resistance to fracture in
ANSIH35.1 AlloyandTemperDesignationsforAluminum
a neutral environment and in the presence of a sharp crack
subjected to an applied opening force or moment within a field
of high constraint to lateral plastic flow (plane strain condi-
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B07 on Light Metals
and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.05 on Testing. tion).A K value is considered to be a lower limiting value of
Ic
Current edition approved May 1, 2017. Published June 2017. Originally
fracture toughness associated with the plane strain state.
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as B909 – 00 (2011).
4.1.1 Thermal quenching processes used with precipitation
DOI: 10.1520/B0909-17.
2 hardened aluminum alloy products can introduce significant
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. Varembé, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.ch.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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B909 − 1
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B909 − 00 (Reapproved 2011) B909 − 17
Standard Guide for
Plane Strain Fracture Toughness Testing of Non-Stress
1
Relieved Aluminum Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B909; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers supplementary guidelines for plane-strain fracture toughness testing of aluminum products for which
complete stress relief is not practicable. Guidelines for recognizing when residual stresses may be significantly biasing test results
are presented, as well as methods for minimizing the effects of residual stress during testing. This guide also provides guidelines
for correction and interpretation of data produced during the testing of these products. Test Method E399 is the standard test
method to be used for plane-strain fracture toughness testing of aluminum alloys.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E399 Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness K of Metallic Materials
Ic
E561 Test Method forK Curve Determination
R
E1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
2.2 ANSI Standard:
3
ANSI H35.1 Alloy and Temper Designations for Aluminum
2.3 ISO Standard:
4
ISO 12737 Metallic Materials–Determination of Plane Strain Fracture Toughness
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terminology in Test Method E399 and Terminology E1823 are applicable herein.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 corrected plane-strain fracture toughness— a test result, designated K (corrected), which has been corrected for residual
q Q
stress bias by one of the methods outlined in this guide. The corrected result is an estimation of the K or K that would have been
q Ic
obtained in a residual stress free specimen. The corrected result may be obtained from a test record which yielded either an invalid
K or valid K , but for which there is evidence that significant residual stress is present in the test coupon.
q Ic
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on Light Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.05 on Testing.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011May 1, 2017. Published June 2012June 2017. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20062011 as B909 – 00
(2006).(2011). DOI: 10.1520/B0909-00R11.10.1520/B0909-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de Varembé, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.ch.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
The corrected result is an estimation of the K or K that would have been obtained in a residual stress free specimen. The
Q Ic
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B909 − 17
corrected result may be obtained from a test record which yielded either an invalid K or valid K , but for which there is evidence
Q Ic
that significant residual stress is present in the test coupon.
3.2.2 invalid plane-strain fracture toughness— a test result, designated K , that does not meet one or more validity
qQ
requirements in Test Method E399 or ISO 12737 and may or may not be significantly influenced by residual stress.
3.2.3 valid plane-strain fracture toughness— a test result, des
...