ASTM C34-09
(Specification)Standard Specification for Structural Clay Load-Bearing Wall Tile
Standard Specification for Structural Clay Load-Bearing Wall Tile
ABSTRACT
This specification covers structural clay loading-bearing wall tiles of the following grades: Grade LBX, suitable for general use in masonry construction and adapted for use in masonry exposed to weathering; and Grade LB, suitable for general use in masonry where not exposed to frost action, or for use in exposed masonry where protected with a facing of stone, brick, terra cotta, or other masonry. Tile covered by this specification are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected to heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing), which must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements. Tiles shall adhere to water absorption, compressive strength, and dimensional (nominal thickness and mass) requirements specified for individual grades.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers structural clay loading-bearing wall tile. Two grades of tile are covered, as follows:
1.1.1 Grade LBX—Suitable for general use in masonry construction and adapted for use in masonry exposed to weathering, provided they meet the durability requirements for Grade SW of Specification C216.
1.1.2 Grade LB—Suitable for general use in masonry where not exposed to frost action, or for use in exposed masonry where protected with a facing of 3 in. (76.2 mm) or more of stone, brick, terra cotta, or other masonry.
1.1.3 If tile having a particular color, texture, or finish are desired, these features shall be specified separately by the purchaser.
Note 1—Color of tile varies with the type of clay used and degree of burning; hence, it cannot be taken as indicative of classification until after it has been related to absorption and strength by actual tests.
1.2 The property requirements of this standard apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of tile extracted from masonry structures for determining conformance or non-conformance to the property requirements (Section 3) of this standard is beyond the scope of this standard.
1.3 Tile covered by this standard are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification. (See firing and fired bond in Terminology C1232.)
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
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Designation: C34 – 09
Standard Specification for
1
Structural Clay Load-Bearing Wall Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C34; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
1.1 This specification covers structural clay loading-bearing
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
wall tile. Two grades of tile are covered, as follows:
as requirements of the standard.
1.1.1 Grade LBX—Suitable for general use in masonry
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
construction and adapted for use in masonry exposed to
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
weathering, provided they meet the durability requirements for
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Grade SW of Specification C216.
and are not considered standard.
1.1.2 Grade LB—Suitable for general use in masonry where
not exposed to frost action, or for use in exposed masonry
2. Referenced Documents
where protected with a facing of 3 in. (76.2 mm) or more of
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
stone, brick, terra cotta, or other masonry.
C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and
1.1.3 If tile having a particular color, texture, or finish are
Structural Clay Tile
desired, these features shall be specified separately by the
C216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units
purchaser.
Made from Clay or Shale)
NOTE 1—Color of tile varies with the type of clay used and degree of
C1232 Terminology of Masonry
burning; hence, it cannot be taken as indicative of classification until after
it has been related to absorption and strength by actual tests.
3. Physical Properties
1.2 The property requirements of this standard apply at the
3.1 Structural clay load-bearing wall tile shall conform to
time of purchase. The use of results from testing of tile
the physical properties for the grade specified as prescribed in
extracted from masonry structures for determining conform-
Table 1.
anceornon-conformancetothepropertyrequirements(Section
3.2 Tile of Grade LBX shall be accepted under all condi-
3) of this standard is beyond the scope of this standard.
tions instead of Grade LB.
1.3 Tile covered by this standard are manufactured from
3.3 End-construction tile are tile designed to be placed in
clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and
the wall with axes of the cells vertical. Side-construction tile
subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing).
are tile designed to be placed in the wall with the axes of the
The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between
cells horizontal. Where end-construction tile are used on the
the particulate constituents to provide the strength and dura-
side they shall conform to the requirements of side-
bility requirements of this specification. (See firing and fired
construction tile and vice versa.
bond in Terminology C1232.)
3.4 Bonding tile shall be so designed as to provide recesses
for header brick courses when laid up in brick-faced walls.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
C15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1921. Last previous edition appoved in 2003 as C34 – 03. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C0034-09. the ASTM website.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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C34–09
TABLE 1 Physical Properties
B
Maximum Water Minimum Compressive Strength (Based on Gross Area), psi (MPa)
A
Absorption by 1-h Boiling, % End Construction Tile Side Construction Tile
Grade
Average of Average of Average of
Individual Individual Individual
Five Tests Five Tests Five Tests
LBX 16 19 1400 (9.6) 1000 (6.8) 700 (4.8) 500 (3.4)
LB 25 28 1000 (6.8) 700 (4.8) 700 (4.8) 500 (3.4)
A
The range in percentage absorption for tile delivered to any one job shall be not more than 12.
B
Gross area of a unit shall
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C34–03 Designation: C34 – 09
Standard Specification for
1
Structural Clay Load-Bearing Wall Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C34; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers structural clay loading-bearing wall tile. Two grades of tile are covered, as follows:
1.1.1 Grade LBX—Suitable for general use in masonry construction and adapted for use in masonry exposed to weathering,
provided they meet the durability requirements for Grade SW of Specification C216.
1.1.2 Grade LB—Suitable for general use in masonry where not exposed to frost action, or for use in exposed masonry where
protected with a facing of 3 in. (76.2 mm) or more of stone, brick, terra cotta, or other masonry.
1.1.3 If tile having a particular color, texture, or finish are desired, these features shall be specified separately by the purchaser.
NOTE 1—Color of tile varies with the type of clay used and degree of burning; hence, it cannot be taken as indicative of classification until after it
has been related to absorption and strength by actual tests.
1.2 The property requirements of this standard apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of tile extracted
from masonry structures for determining conformance or non-conformance to the property requirements (Section 3) of this
standard is beyond the scope of this standard.
1.3 Tile covered by this standard are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected to
a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate
constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification. (See firing and fired bond in Terminology
C43in Terminology C1232.)
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
C43Terminology of Structural Clay Products ASTM Standards:
C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile
C216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale) Specification for Facing Brick (Solid
Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale)
C1232 Terminology of Masonry
3. Physical Properties
3.1 Structural clay load-bearing wall tile shall conform to the physical properties for the grade specified as prescribed in Table
1.
3.2 Tile of Grade LBX shall be accepted under all conditions instead of Grade LB.
3.3 End-construction tile are tile designed to be placed in the wall with axes of the cells vertical. Side-construction tile are tile
designed to be placed in the wall with the axes of the cells horizontal. Where end-construction tile are used on the side they shall
conform to the requirements of side-construction tile and vice versa.
3.4 Bonding tile shall be so designed as to provide recesses for header brick courses when laid up in brick-faced walls.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.02 on Brick
and Structural Clay Tile.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2003.2009. Published January 2004.December 2009. Originally approved in 1921. Last previous edition appoved in 20012003 as C34–96
(2001). C34 – 03. DOI: 10.1520/C0034-039.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C34–09
TABLE 1 Physical Properties
B
Ma
...
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