ASTM F521-83(2004)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Bond Integrity of Transparent Laminates
Standard Test Methods for Bond Integrity of Transparent Laminates
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods provide a means to measure quantitatively the bond integrity between the outer layers of the transparency and the interlayer, or to measure the cohesive properties of the interlayer, under various loading conditions.
These test methods provide empirical results useful for control purposes, correlation with service results, and as quality control tests for acceptance of production parts.
Test results obtained on small, laboratory-size samples shown herein should be considered indicative of full-size part capability, but not necessarily usable for design purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover determination of the bond integrity of transparent laminates. The laminates are usually made of two or more glass or hard plastic sheets held together by an elastomeric material. These test methods are intended to provide a means of determining the strength of the bond between the glass or plastic and the elastomeric interlayer under various mechanical or thermal loading conditions.
1.2 The test methods appear as follows:Test MethodsSectionsTest Method A-Flatwise Bond Tensile StrengthTest Method B-Interlaminar Shear StrengthTest Method C-Creep RuptureTest Method D-Thermal Exposure
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:F521–83 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Methods for
Bond Integrity of Transparent Laminates
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF521;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 face plies—transparent glass or plastic outer materials
joined together with an interlayer.
1.1 These test methods cover determination of the bond
3.1.3 interlayer—transparent material used as the bonding
integrity of transparent laminates. The laminates are usually
agent between two or more hard, transparent materials.
made of two or more glass or hard plastic sheets held together
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
by an elastomeric material. These test methods are intended to
3.2.1 number of plies—a three-ply laminate is one having
provide a means of determining the strength of the bond
two transparent glass or plastic plies and one interlayer ply. A
between the glass or plastic and the elastomeric interlayer
five-ply laminate has three glass or plastic plies and two
under various mechanical or thermal loading conditions.
interlayer plies.
1.2 The test methods appear as follows:
Test Methods Sections
4. Significance and Use
Test MethodA—Flatwise Bond Tensile Strength 5-11
Test Method B—Interlaminar Shear Strength 12-17
4.1 These test methods provide a means to measure quan-
Test Method C—Creep Rupture 18-25
titatively the bond integrity between the outer layers of the
Test Method D—Thermal Exposure 26-30
transparency and the interlayer, or to measure the cohesive
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
properties of the interlayer, under various loading conditions.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 These test methods provide empirical results useful for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
control purposes, correlation with service results, and as
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
quality control tests for acceptance of production parts.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.3 Test results obtained on small, laboratory-size samples
shown herein should be considered indicative of full-size part
2. Referenced Documents
capability, but not necessarily usable for design purposes.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
TEST METHOD A—FLATWISE BOND TENSILE
D952 Test Method for Bond or Cohesive Strength of Sheet
Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials STRENGTH
2.2 ANSI Standard:
3 5. Summary of Test Method
B1.1 Standard for Unified Screw Threads
5.1 Thebondissubjectedtoamechanicalloadinadirection
3. Terminology
perpendicular to the plane of the bond. The adhesive or
3.1 Definitions: cohesive strength between the interlayer and the outer layers
3.1.1 delamination—a visible separation between two lay- (flatwisetensilestrength)isdetermined,andexpressedinterms
ers of bonded material. of pascals (or pounds-force per square inch).
6. Apparatus
6.1 Metal Blocks—A pair of 50-mm (2-in.) square metal
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F07 on
blocks of 24 ST aluminum alloy, each having a maximum
Aerospace andAircraft and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F07.08 on
Transparent Enclosures and Materials.
height of 50 mm (2 in.). Each block shall have in one end a
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originally 7
hole (see Fig. 1) tapped 22.2 mm ( ⁄8 in.) in accordance with
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as F521 – 83 (1997).
ANSI B1.1, to accommodate threaded 22.2-mm ( ⁄8-in.) studs
DOI: 10.1520/F0521-83R04.
of convenient length (see Test Method D952). Alternative
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
metal blocks may be made using an aluminum “T” section, cut
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
to 50 mm (2 in.) square. A hole shall be drilled in the upright
the ASTM website.
3 section of each “T” block (see Fig. 2) to accommodate a metal
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036. pin or holding device compatible with the test machine used.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959, United States.
F521–83 (2004)
FIG. 1 Test Assembly for Flatwise Tensile Strength Test
F521–83 (2004)
FIG. 2 Optional Tensile Strength Test Specimen
6.2 Testing Machine—Any suitable machine of the chipping during testing.The thickness of the specimen shall be
constant-rate-of-crosshead movement type. The testing ma- the thickness of the laminate. The upper and lower surfaces
chine shall be equipped with the necessary drive mechanism shall be parallel to each other and reasonably flat. Test five
for imparting to the crosshead a uniform, controlled velocity specimens.
with respect to the base. The testing machine shall also be
8. Preparation of Apparatus
equipped with a load-indicating mechanism capable of show-
ing the total load applied to the test specimen.This mechanism 8.1 Determine the cross-sectional area of the test specimen
shall be essentially free from inertial-lag at the specified rate of in a plane parallel to the surface.
testing and shall indicate the load with an accuracy of 61.0 % 8.2 Gently abrade the bonding surfaces of the metal blocks
of the indicated value, or better. and the specimen (except glass—see Note 1) using 200–400
6.3 Adhesive—Any suitable adhesive. grit paper or light sandblasting. Do not abrade the edges and
corners of the specimen or the metal blocks. Do not round the
7. Test Specimen
corners.
7.1 The test specimen shall consist of a 50-mm (2-in.)
NOTE 1—Do not abrade glass surfaces unless absolutely necessary to
square sample of laminate prepared in such a manner as to
obtain adhesion to the thoroughly cleaned surface.
produce smooth edges to minimize the possibility of edge
8.3 Clean all contact surfaces of the specimens and metal or
“T” blocks with a soft cloth saturated with a suitable solvent or
4 clean dry air blast. Thereafter, do not touch the cleaned
Hysol Adhesive 907, a two-part epoxy adhesive available from E. V. Roberts
surfaces with the hands. Apply a thin coating of adhesive to
Co., 9601 West Jefferson Blvd., Culver City, CA90230, has been found satisfactory
for use in this test. The instructions in Section 8 for preparation of the test assembly
both contact surfaces being careful to remove all air bubbles
are based on the use of this material. Any adhesive that is found to perform
from the adhesive. Place the specimen between the coated
satisfactorily under this test may be used provided that the procedure for the
blocks, being certain the blocks are aligned, then clamp the
preparation of the test assembly is suitably modified to follow the manufacturer’s
recommendation for the use of the adhesive. assembly until the adhesive is cured.
F521–83 (2004)
9. Conditioning tion is preferred, especially for specimens with relatively thick
interlayers of 2.5 mm (0.1 in.) or more.
9.1 Condition the test specimen at 23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F)
and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not less than 24 h prior to 14.2 The test specimen shall be 50 mm (2 in.) square
minimum. Increasing specimen size will give slightly better
testing.
9.2 Conduct tests in the Standard LaboratoryAtmosphere of accuracy up to the point where the face plies begin to fracture.
23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity Prepare the specimens in such a manner as to produce smooth
unless otherwise specified. edges to minimize premature edge chipping during testing.
14.3 Orient the samples to duplicate the actual loading
10. Procedure
conditions in service whenever possible.
10.1 Unless otherwise specified, test five specimens. Insert
14.4 Number of Test Specimens:
the specimen assembly in the tension testing machine with
14.4.1 Test at least five specimens for each sample in the
self-aligning holders and load to failure at a rate of 1.25 mm
case of isotropic materials.
(0.05 in.)/min.
14.4.2 Test ten specimens, five normal to, and five parallel
10.2 If block adhesive failure occurs, discard the test and
with the principal axis of anisotropy, for each sample of
test another specimen.
anisotropic material.
NOTE 2—If aluminum blocks are to be reused, one method of removing
14.4.3 Discard specimens that break at some obvious flaw
the adhesive is to insert the blocks in an oven at 150°C (300°F) for 1.5 h.
and retest, unless such flaws constitute a variable whose effect
When the blocks have cooled, the remaining portion of the test specimen
is desired for study.
can be easily removed by a surface sanding wheel or sandblast. In order
to maintain a plane surface, it is recommended that the metal blocks be
finished on a flat emery surface. 15. Conditioning
15.1 Condition the specimens in accordance with Section 9.
11. Report
11.1 The report shall include the following:
16. Procedure
11.1.1 Completeidentificationofthematerialtested,includ-
ing type or grade of substrate and interlayer, thickness,
16.1 Measure and record the length and width of the bond
manufacturing history, etc., area with a suitable micrometer to the nearest 0.025 mm (0.001
11.1.2 The block adhesive used,
in.).
11.1.3 The atmospheric conditions in the test room,
16.2 Place the specimen in the test fixture, taking care to
11.1.4 The total load, in newtons (or pounds-force), re-
aligntheloadedendofthespecimenparalleltotheloadingbar.
quired to break each specimen,
16.3 Set the speed of testing at 1.25 mm (0.05 in.)/min and
11.1.5 The unit stress, in pascals (or pounds-force per
start the testing machine.
square inch), required for failure (calculate the unit stress by
16.4 Record the maximum load carried by the specimen up
dividing the load by the area of the test specimen), and
to the point of rupture.
11.1.6 Failure mode (such as within the interlayer, or at
16.5 Remove and examine the test specimen for evidence of
which interface).
premature failure due to edge chipping or slippage of the
specimen in the fixture. If premature failure has occurred,
TES
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