iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM D4822-88(2014)

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Selection of Methods of Particle Size Analysis of Fluvial Sediments (Manual Methods)

Standard Guide for Selection of Methods of Particle Size Analysis of Fluvial Sediments (Manual Methods)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide is general and useful in helping the user to determine an appropriate manual test method for determining the particle size distribution of fluvial sediments. The suggested test methods are not described in this guide, but references are given so that the user may obtain more information about each test method.  
5.2 It should be noted that different test methods may and often times do produce different particle size distributions for the same sample. This is due in part to the different test methods requiring native or distilled water, differences in dispersion methods used, and differences in what the test method is measuring, that is, physical or sedimentation diameter.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the selection of methods for determining the size distribution of fluvial sediments particles in the range greater than 0.45 μm using manual methods. Manual methods are defined as those methods that require the operator to do some actual measurements and calculations. An automated method would be one which, after the sample is prepared and inserted into an instrument, the instrument (machine) does the measuring and calculations, not the operator. Not all manual methods are presented in this guide. However, where available, at least two methods for each particle size range are given.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2013
ICS
13.060.60 - Examination of physical properties of water
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.07 - Sediments, Geomorphology, and Open-Channel Flow
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4822-88(2008) - Standard Guide for Selection of Methods of Particle Size Analysis of Fluvial Sediments (Manual Methods)
Effective Date
01-Jan-2014
Replaced By
ASTM D4822-88(2019) - Standard Guide for Selection of Methods of Particle Size Analysis of Fluvial Sediments (Manual Methods)
Effective Date
01-Nov-2019
Referred By
ASTM D5387-93(2019) - Standard Guide for Elements of a Complete Data Set for Non-Cohesive Sediments
Effective Date
01-Jan-2014
Referred By
ASTM E1391-03(2023) - Standard Guide for Collection, Storage, Characterization, and Manipulation of Sediments for Toxicological Testing and for Selection of Samplers Used to Collect Benthic Invertebrates
Effective Date
01-Jan-2014

Buy Standard

ASTM D4822-88(2014) - Standard Guide for Selection of Methods of Particle Size Analysis of Fluvial Sediments (Manual Methods)ASTM D4822-88(2014) - Standard Guide for Selection of Methods of Particle Size Analysis of Fluvial Sediments (Manual Methods)
PreviousNext
Guide
ASTM D4822-88(2014) - Standard Guide for Selection of Methods of Particle Size Analysis of Fluvial Sediments (Manual Methods)
English language
3 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4822 − 88 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Guide for
Selection of Methods of Particle Size Analysis of Fluvial
Sediments (Manual Methods)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4822; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4411 Guide for Sampling Fluvial Sediment in Motion
E20 Practice for Particle Size Analysis of Particulate Sub-
1.1 This guide covers the selection of methods for deter-
stances in the Range of 0.2 to 75 Micrometres by Optical
mining the size distribution of fluvial sediments particles in the
Microscopy (Withdrawn 1994)
range greater than 0.45 µm using manual methods. Manual
methods are defined as those methods that require the operator
3. Terminology
to do some actual measurements and calculations. An auto-
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this guide,
mated method would be one which, after the sample is
refer to Terminologies D1129 and D4410.
prepared and inserted into an instrument, the instrument
(machine) does the measuring and calculations, not the opera-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
tor. Not all manual methods are presented in this guide.
3.2.1 For definitions of terms used in this guide, refer to
However, where available, at least two methods for each
Terminology D4410.
particle size range are given.
3.2.2 particle count—a method of particle size analysis in
which the number of particles in the various size ranges are
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
counted manually.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. 3.2.3 particle size—the diameter, usually the intermediate
diameter, of a particle measured by settling, sieving,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
micrometric, or direct measurement methods (see 5.2).
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.2.4 particle size distribution—the relative amount of a
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- sediment sample in a range of specific sizes in terms of
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. percentages by mass, volume, or number, finer than a given
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
particle size.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4. Summary of Guide
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.1 This guide consists of suggested manual test methods
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
for analyzing fluvial sediment samples for particle size distri-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
bution.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Significance and Use
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 This guide is general and useful in helping the user to
D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
determine an appropriate manual test method for determining
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
the particle size distribution of fluvial sediments. The sug-
D4410 Terminology for Fluvial Sediment
gested test methods are not described in this guide, but
references are given so that the user may obtain more infor-
mation about each test method.
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is
5.2 It should be noted that different test methods may and
the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments, Geomorphology,
and Open-Channel Flow.
often times do produce different particle size distributions for
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2014. Published March 2014. Originally
the same sample. This is due in part to the different test
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4822 – 88 (2008).
methods requiring native or distilled water, differences in
DOI: 10.1520/D4822-88R14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
D4822 − 88 (2014)
TABLE 1 Guide for Selection of Particle Size Analysis of Fluvial Sediments Using Manual Methods
NOTE 1—Not all test methods will give complete distribution for the size range indicated, some will only give percent finer for one or two sizes in
the indicated range. See references for more detail on each test method.
M = Results in percent by mass PC = Particle count
N = Results in percent by number of particles OPC = Optical particle count, non-microscopic
V = Results in percent by volume H = Hydrometer
BW = Bottom withdrawal M = Microscopic
P = Pipet D = Decantation
VA = Visual accumulation EW = Elutriator, water
WS = Wet sieve EA = E
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM D2688-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Corrosion Rate in a Water System in the Absence of Heat Transfer (Weight Loss Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Since the two tendencies are inseparable for a metal to corrode and for water and the materials it contains to promote or inhibit corrosion, the corrosion rate of a material in water is determined in relative, rather than absolute, terms. The relative tendency for a material to corrode is determined by measuring its rate of corrosion and comparing it with the corrosion rates of other materials in the same water environment. Conversely, the relative tendency of water to promote or inhibit corrosion can be determined by comparing the corrosion rate of a material in the water with the corrosion rates of the same material in other waters. Such tests are useful, for example, for evaluating the effects of corrosion inhibitors added to the water. Examples of systems in which this method can be used include, but are not limited to, open recirculating cooling water, closed chilled water, and hydronic heating systems.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the corrosion rate in a water system, in the absence of heat transfer.  
1.1.1 This is accomplished by measuring the weight loss of metal specimens, also called coupons, and evaluating pitting. Weight loss provides the means to calculate the average corrosion rate. Pitting is a form of localized corrosion.  
1.1.2 The rate of corrosion of a metal immersed in water is a function of both the characteristics of the water itself and the materials it contains to promote or inhibit corrosion.  
1.2 The test method employs flat, rectangular-shaped metal coupons which are mounted on pipe plugs and exposed to the water flowing in piping in municipal, building, and industrial water systems using a side stream corrosion specimen rack.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7725-17(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for the Continuous Measurement of Turbidity Above 1 Turbidity Unit (TU)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Turbidity is undesirable in drinking water, plant effluent waters, water for food and beverage processing, and for a large number of other water dependent manufacturing processes. Removal of suspended matter is accomplished by coagulation, settling, and filtration. Measurement of turbidity provides a rapid means of process control to determine when, how, and to what extent the water must be treated to meet specifications.  
4.2 This test method is suitable for the on-line monitoring of turbidity such as that found in drinking water, process water, and high purity industrial waters.  
4.3 The instrumentation used must allow for the continuous on-line monitoring of a sample stream.  
4.4 When reporting the measured result, appropriate units should also be reported. The units are reflective of the technology used to generate the result, and if necessary, provide more adequate comparison to historical data sets.  
4.4.1 Table 1 describing technologies and reporting results. Those technologies listed are appropriate for the range of measurement prescribed in this test method are mentioned, though others may come available. Fig. X3.1 from Appendix X3 contains a flowchart to assist in technology selection.  
4.4.2 For a specific design that falls outside of these reporting ranges, the turbidity should be reported in TU with a subscripted wavelength value to characterize the light source that was used.  
4.4.3 Ratio white light turbidimeters are common as bench top instruments but not as a typical process instrument. However, if fitted with a flow-cell they meet the criteria of this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the on-line and in-line determination of high-level turbidity in water that is greater than 1.0 turbidity units (TU) in municipal, industrial and environmental usage.  
1.2 In principle, there are three basic applications for on-line measurement set ups. This first is the slipstream (bypass) sample technique. For the slipstream sample technique a portion of sample is transported out of the process and through the measurement apparatus. It is then either transported back to the process or to waste. The second is the in-line measurement where the sensor is brought directly into the process (see Fig. 8). The third basic method is for in-situ monitoring of sample waters. This principle is based on the insertion of a sensor into the sample itself as the sample is being processed. The in-situ use in this test method is intended for the monitoring of water during any step within a processing train, including immediately before or after the process itself.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to the measurement of turbidities greater than 1.0 TU. The absolute range is dictated by the technology that is employed.  
1.4 The upper end of the measurement range is left undefined because different technologies described in this test method can cover very different ranges of turbidity.  
1.5 Many of the turbidity units and instrument designs covered in this test method are numerically equivalent in calibration when a common calibration standard is applied across those designs listed in Table 1. Measurement of a common calibration standard of a defined value will also produce equivalent results across these technologies. This test method prescribes the assignment of a determined turbidity values to the technology used to determine those values. Numerical equivalence to turbidity standards is observed between different technologies but is not expected across a common sample. Improved traceability beyond the scope of this test method may be practiced and would include the listing of the make and model number of the instrument used to determine the turbidity values.  
1.5.1 In this test method, calibration standards are often defined in NTU values, but the other assigned turbidity units, such as those in Table 1 are equivalent. For example, a 1 NTU formazin standard is also a 1...

  • Standard
    23 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7937-15(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for In-situ Determination of Turbidity Above 1 Turbidity Unit (TU) in Surface Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Turbidity is monitored to help control processes, monitor the health and biology of aquatic environments and to determine the impact of environmental events such as storms, floods, runoff, etc. Turbidity is undesirable in drinking water, plant-effluent waters, water for food and beverage production, and for a large number of other water-dependent manufacturing processes. Turbidity is often reduced by coagulation, sedimentation and water filtration. The measurement of turbidity may indicate the presence of particle-bound contaminants and is vital for monitoring the completion of a particle-waste settling process. Significant uses of turbidity measurements include:  
5.1.1 Compliance with permits, water-quality guidelines, and regulations;  
5.1.2 Determination of transport and fate of particles and associated contaminants in aquatic systems;  
5.1.3 Conservation, protection and restoration of surface waters;  
5.1.4 Measure performance of water and land-use management;  
5.1.5 Monitor waterside construction, mining, and dredging operations;  
5.1.6 Characterization of wastewater and energy-production effluents;  
5.1.7 Tracking water-well completion including development and use; and  
5.1.8 As a surrogate for other constituents in water including sediment and sediment-associated constituents.  
5.2 The calibration range of a turbidimeter shall exceed the expected range of TU values for an application but shall not exceed the measurement range specified by the manufacturer.  
5.3 Designs described in this standard detect and respond to a combination of relative absorption, intensity of light scattering, and transmittance. However, they do not measure these absolute physical units as defined in 3.2.15 and 3.2.19.  
5.4 Several different turbidimeter designs may be used for this test method and one design may be better suited for a specific type of sample or monitoring application than another. The selection flowchart in Annex A1 provides guidance for th...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the in-situ field measurements of turbidity in surface water. The measurement range is greater than 1 TU and the lesser of 10 000 TU or the maximum measurable TU value specified by the turbidimeter manufacturer.  
1.1.1 Precision data was conducted on both real world and surrogate turbidity samples up to about 1000 TU. Many of the technologies listed in this test method are capable of measuring above that provided in the precision section (see Section 16).  
1.2 “In-situ measurement” refers in this test method to applications where the turbidimeter sensor is placed directly in the surface water in the field and does not require transport of a sample to or from the sensor. Surface water refers to springs, lakes, reservoirs, settling ponds, streams and rivers, estuaries, and the ocean.  
1.3 Many of the turbidity units and instrument designs covered in this test method are numerically equivalent in calibration when a common calibration standard is applied across those designs listed in Table 1. Measurement of a common calibration standard of a defined value will also produce equivalent results across these technologies. This test method prescribes the assignment of a determined turbidity values to the technology used to determine those values. Numerical equivalence to turbidity standards is observed between different technologies but is not expected across a common sample. Improved traceability beyond the scope of this test method may be practiced and would include the listing of the make and model number of the instrument used to determine the turbidity values.  
1.4 In this test method, calibration standards are often defined in NTU values, but the other assigned turbidity units, such as those in Table 1 are equivalent. For example, a 1 NTU formazin standard is also a 1 FNU, a 1 FAU, a 1 BU, and so forth.  
1.5 This test method was tested on different natural waters and with standards th...

  • Standard
    19 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D1125-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity of Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are applicable for such purposes as impurity detection and, in some cases, the quantitative measurement of ionic constituents dissolved in waters. These include dissolved electrolytes in natural and treated waters, such as boiler water, boiler feedwater, cooling water, and saline and brackish water.  
4.1.1 Their concentration may range from trace levels in pure waters (2)4 to significant levels in condensed steam (see Test Methods D2186 and D4519, and Ref (3)), or pure salt solutions.  
4.1.2 Where the principal interest in the use of conductivity methods is to determine steam purity, see Ref (4). These test methods may also be used for checking the correctness of water analyses (5).
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the electrical conductivity and resistivity of water. The following test methods are included:    
Range  
Sections  
Test Method A—Field and Routine Laboratory  
10 to 200 000  
12 to 18  
Measurement of Static (Non-Flowing) Samples  
μS/cm  
Test Method B—Continuous In-Line Measure  
5 to 200 000  
19 to 23  
ment  
μS/cm  
1.2 These test methods have been tested in reagent water. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.  
1.3 For measurements below the range of these test methods, refer to Test Method D5391.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D5391-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity of a Flowing High Purity Water Sample

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Conductivity measurements are typically made on samples of moderate to high ionic strength where contamination of open samples in routine laboratory handling is negligible. Under those conditions, standard temperature compensation using coefficients of 1 to 3 % of reading per degree Celsius over wide concentration ranges is appropriate. In contrast, this test method requires special considerations to reduce trace contamination and accommodates the high and variable temperature coefficients of pure water samples that can range as high as 7 % of reading per degree Celsius. In addition, measuring instrument design performance must be proven under high purity conditions.  
5.2 This test method is applicable for detecting trace amounts of ionic contaminants in water. It is the primary means of monitoring the performance of demineralization and other high purity water treatment operations. It is also used to detect ionic contamination in boiler waters, microelectronics rinse waters, pharmaceutical process waters, etc., as well as to monitor and control the level of boiler and power plant cycle chemistry treatment chemicals. This test method supplements the basic measurement requirements for Test Methods D1125, D2186, and D4519.  
5.3 At very low levels of alkaline contamination, for example, 0–1 μg/L NaOH, conductivity is suppressed, and can actually be slightly below the theoretical value for pure water. (1 and 2)4 Alkaline materials suppress the highly conductive hydrogen ion concentration while replacing it with less conductive sodium and hydroxide ions. This phenomenon is not an interference with conductivity or resistivity measurement itself but could give misleading indications of inferred water purity in this range if it is not recognized.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of electrical conductivity and resistivity of high purity water samples below 10 μS/cm (above 0.1 Mohm-cm). It is applicable to both continuous and periodic measurements but in all cases, the water must be flowing in order to provide representative sampling. Static grab sampling cannot be used for such high purity water. Continuous measurements are made directly in pure water process lines, or in side stream sample lines to enable measurements on high temperature or high pressure samples, or both.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D1498-14(2022)e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Oxidation-Reduction Potential of Water

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the apparatus and procedure for the electrometric measurement of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in water. The test method described has been designed for the routine and process measurement of oxidation-reduction potential. ORP is defined as the electromotive force between a noble metal electrode and a reference electrode when immersed in a solution. The ORP electrodes are inert and measure the ratio of the activities of the oxidized to the reduced species present. In addition, the ORP electrodes reliably measure ORP in nearly all aqueous solutions and in general are not subject to solution interference from color, turbidity, colloidal matter, and suspended matter. The apparatus to be used in the measurement of ORP includes: pH meter, reference electrode, oxidation-reduction electrode and electrode assembly. Materials necessary in the procedure for ORP measurement include chemical reagents, aqua regia, water, buffer standard salts, phthalate reference buffer solution, phosphate reference buffer solution, chromic acid cleaning solution, detergent, nitric acid, redox standard solution or ferrous-ferric reference solution, and redox reference quinhydrone solutions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the apparatus and procedure for the electrometric measurement of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in water. It does not deal with the manner in which the solutions are prepared, the theoretical interpretation of the oxidation-reduction potential, or the establishment of a standard oxidation-reduction potential for any given system. The test method described has been designed for the routine and process measurement of oxidation-reduction potential.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D2331-08(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practices for Preparation and Preliminary Testing of Water-Formed Deposits

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Deposits in piping from aqueous process streams serve as an indicator of fouling, corrosion or scaling. Rapid techniques of analysis are useful in identifying the nature of the deposit so that the reason for deposition can be ascertained.  
4.2 Possible treatment schemes can be devised to prevent deposition from reoccurring.  
4.3 Deposits formed from or by water in all its phases may be further classified as scale, sludge, corrosion products or biological deposits. The overall composition of a deposit or some part of a deposit may be determined by chemical or spectrographic analysis; the constituents actually present as chemical substances may be identified by microscope or X-ray.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices provide directions for the preparation of the sample for analysis, the preliminary examination of the sample, and methods for dissolving the analytical sample or selectively separating constituents of concern.  
1.2 The general practices given here can be applied to analysis of samples from a variety of surfaces that are subject to water-formed deposits. However, the investigator must resort to individual experience and judgement in applying these procedures to specific problems.  
1.3 The practices include the following:    
Sections  
Preparation of the Analytical Sample  
8  
Preliminary Testing of the Analytical Sample  
9  
Dissolving the Analytical Sample  
10  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For a specific warning statement, see Note 2.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7168-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for 99Tc in Water by Solid Phase Extraction Disk

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method has not been evaluated for all possible matrices. Test method suitability should be determined on specific waters of interest.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure to separate 99Tc from environmental water (non-process-related or effluent water samples). Technetium-99 beta activity is measured by liquid scintillation spectrometry.  
1.2 This test method is designed to measure 99Tc in the range of approximately 0.037 Bq/L (1.0 pCi/L) or greater for a one litre sample.  
1.3 This test method has been used successfully with tap water. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for samples larger than 1 L and for waters of untested matrices.  
1.4 Technetium-99 alternatively can be determined in water samples using Practice D8026.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4922-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Radioactive Iron in Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Fe-55 is formed in reactor coolant systems of nuclear reactors by activation of stable iron. The 55Fe is not completely removed by waste processing systems and some is released to the environment by means of normal waste liquid discharges. Power plants are required to monitor these discharges for 55Fe as well as other radionuclides.  
5.2 This technique effectively removes other activation and fission products such as isotopes of iodine, zinc, manganese, cobalt, and cesium by the addition of hold-back carriers and an anion exchange technique. The fission products (zirconium-95 and niobium-95) are selectively eluted with hydrochloric-hydrofluoric acid washes. The iron is finally separated from Zn+2 by precipitation of FePO4 at a pH of 3.0.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of 55Fe in the presence of 59Fe by liquid scintillation counting. The a-priori minimum detectable concentration for this test method is 7.4 Bq/L.2  
1.2 This test method was developed principally for the quantitative determination of 55Fe. However, after proper calibration of the liquid scintillation counter with reference standards of each nuclide, 59Fe may also be quantified.  
1.3 This test method was used successfully with Type III reagent water conforming to Specification D1193. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 9.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D1943-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Alpha Particle Radioactivity of Water 

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed for the purpose of measuring gross alpha radioactivity in water. It is used for the analysis of both process and environmental water to determine gross alpha activity which is often a result of natural radioactivity present in minerals.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of alpha particle activity of water. It is applicable to nuclides that emit alpha particles with energies above 3.9 MeV and at activity levels above 0.02 Bq/mL (540 pCi/L) of radioactive homogeneous water. This test method is not applicable to samples containing alpha-emitting radionuclides that are volatile under conditions of the analysis.  
1.2 This test method can be used for either absolute or relative determinations. In tracer work, the results may be expressed by comparison with a standard that is defined to be 100 %. For radioassay, data may be expressed in terms of alpha disintegration rates after calibration with a suitable standard. General information on radioactivity and measurement of radiation has been published in Refs (1-3)2 and summarized in Practices D3648.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off