ASTM D904-99
(Practice)Standard Practice for Exposure of Adhesive Specimens to Artificial Light
Standard Practice for Exposure of Adhesive Specimens to Artificial Light
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating procedures for ultraviolet (UV) light aging (with or without water) of adhesive bonded joints having at least one glass or transparent adhered, using fluorescent UV (see Method A) or xenon-arc light sources (see Method B).
1.2 This practice is limited to the apparatus for obtaining, measuring, and controlling the aging conditions, and to the procedures for exposure. Sample preparation, strength, test conditions, and evaluation of the results are described in other ASTM test methods or specifications.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 904 – 99
Standard Practice for
Exposure of Adhesive Specimens to Artificial Light
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 904; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.3 spectral irradiance, n—the distribution of irradiance
in accordance with wavelength.
1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating
3.2.3.1 Discussion—Spectral irradiance is usually shown as
procedures for ultraviolet (UV) light aging (with or without
a curve relating irradiance (ordinate) and light wavelength
water) of adhesive bonded joints having at least one glass or
(abscissa). Because shorter wavelength UV is usually more
transparent adherend, using fluorescent UV (see MethodA) or
damaging than longer wavelength UV, lamps with different
xenon-arc light sources (see Method B).
spectral irradiance curves can cause drastically different
1.2 This practice is limited to the apparatus for obtaining,
amounts of UV damage, even if they produce the same total
measuring, and controlling the aging conditions, and to the
irradiance.
procedures for exposure. Sample preparation, strength, test
3.2.4 spectral power distribution (SPD), n—the amount of
conditions, and evaluation of the results are described in other
radiation present at each wavelength.
ASTM test methods or specifications.
3.2.4.1 Discussion—The SPD can be expressed by power in
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
watts,irradianceinwatts/squaremetre,orenergyinjoules.The
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
shape of the SPD would be identical in all of these units.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Fluorescent lamps are frequently described by relative SPD’s
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
which show the amount of radiation at each wavelength as a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
percentage of the amount of radiation at the peak wavelength.
2. Referenced Documents 3.2.5 UV-A, n—ultraviolet light in the wavelength band
between 315 and 400 nm.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.6 UV-B, n—ultraviolet light in the wavelength band
D 907 Terminology of Adhesives
between 280 and 315 nm.
G 151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Ac-
celerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
4. Significance and Use
G 154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Light Apparatus
3 4.1 This practice is for determining the effects of UV light,
for UV Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
or UV light and water, on adhesive bonded joints under
G 155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus
3 controlled but artificial conditions. The results of this practice
for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
can be used for comparing the relative durability of several
3. Terminology adhesives in a specific laboratory UV exposure.
4.2 This practice is not for determining a forecast of the life
3.1 Definitions—Many of the terms in this practice are
of an adhesive bond in service. It is only for determining the
defined in Terminology D 907.
relative durability of different adhesives compared to each
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
other.
3.2.1 irradiance, n—(1) the rate at which light energy falls
4.3 The results obtained may vary between the different
on a unit area of surface (W/m ), or (2) the radiant power
light sources (xenon-arc or fluorescent UV), because of the
incident upon a unit area of surface.
differentspectral-irradianceofthelamps.Adhesivesshouldnot
3.2.2 radiant exposure (or light dosage), n—(1) the accu-
be compared to each other based on their performance under
mulated light energy which has fallen on a unit area over time
different types of light sources.
(J/m ), or (2) the irradiance integrated with respect to time.
4.4 The results obtained may vary when operation condi-
tions are varied within the limits of a given method.The results
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D-14 onAdhesives
may also vary when exposures are performed on instruments
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.40 on Adhesives for Plastics.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1999. Published December 1999. Originally
published as D 904 – 46. Last previous edition D 904 – 94.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 904
made by different manufacturers. Comparisons between mate- 6. Method B—Xenon Arc
rials must only be made when they are tested at the same time
6.1 Apparatus—Any xenon arc apparatus in accordance
in the same instrument. Be sure to accurately report the
with Practices G 151 and G 155.
operating conditions.
6.2 Filter configuration in accordance with Practices G 151
4.5 The type and UV transmittance characteristics of the
and G 155.
transparent adherend used can have a significant effect on the
6.3 Irradiance Level—Set the irradiance level to a level
rate and type of degradation of the adhesives being tested.
selected by mutual agreement.
Comparisons between adhesives must only be made when
6.4 Time/Temperature Cycles—Program th
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