ASTM D904-99(2005)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Exposure of Adhesive Specimens to Artificial Light
Standard Practice for Exposure of Adhesive Specimens to Artificial Light
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is for determining the effects of UV light, or UV light and water, on adhesive bonded joints under controlled but artificial conditions. The results of this practice can be used for comparing the relative durability of several adhesives in a specific laboratory UV exposure.
This practice is not for determining a forecast of the life of an adhesive bond in service. It is only for determining the relative durability of different adhesives compared to each other.
The results obtained may vary between the different light sources (xenon-arc or fluorescent UV), because of the different spectral-irradiance of the lamps. Adhesives should not be compared to each other based on their performance under different types of light sources.
The results obtained may vary when operation conditions are varied within the limits of a given method. The results may also vary when exposures are performed on instruments made by different manufacturers. Comparisons between materials must only be made when they are tested at the same time in the same instrument. Be sure to accurately report the operating conditions.
The type and UV transmittance characteristics of the transparent adherend used can have a significant effect on the rate and type of degradation of the adhesives being tested. Comparisons between adhesives must only be made when tested on transparent adherends of the same type (preferably the same lot) with the same UV transmission.
This practice is not for determining the effects of atmospheric pollutants, biological organisms, salt, or freeze/thaw cycles.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating procedures for ultraviolet (UV) light aging (with or without water) of adhesive bonded joints having at least one glass or transparent adherend, using fluorescent UV (see Method A) or xenon-arc light sources (see Method B).
1.2 This practice is limited to the apparatus for obtaining, measuring, and controlling the aging conditions, and to the procedures for exposure. Sample preparation, strength, test conditions, and evaluation of the results are described in other ASTM test methods or specifications.
1.3 &si-value; No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 904 – 99 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Practice for
Exposure of Adhesive Specimens to Artificial Light
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 904; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 irradiance, n—(1) the rate at which light energy falls
1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating
on a unit area of surface (W/m ), or (2) the radiant power
procedures for ultraviolet (UV) light aging (with or without
incident upon a unit area of surface.
water) of adhesive bonded joints having at least one glass or
3.2.2 radiant exposure (or light dosage), n—(1) the accu-
transparent adherend, using fluorescent UV (see MethodA) or
mulated light energy which has fallen on a unit area over time
xenon-arc light sources (see Method B).
(J/m ), or (2) the irradiance integrated with respect to time.
1.2 This practice is limited to the apparatus for obtaining,
3.2.3 spectral irradiance, n—the distribution of irradiance
measuring, and controlling the aging conditions, and to the
in accordance with wavelength.
procedures for exposure. Sample preparation, strength, test
3.2.3.1 Discussion—Spectral irradiance is usually shown as
conditions, and evaluation of the results are described in other
a curve relating irradiance (ordinate) and light wavelength
ASTM test methods or specifications.
(abscissa). Because shorter wavelength UV is usually more
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
damaging than longer wavelength UV, lamps with different
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
spectral irradiance curves can cause drastically different
only. No other units of measurement are included in this
amounts of UV damage, even if they produce the same total
standard.
irradiance.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.4 spectral power distribution (SPD), n—the amount of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
radiation present at each wavelength.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.4.1 Discussion—The SPD can be expressed by power in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
watts,irradianceinwatts/squaremetre,orenergyinjoules.The
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
shape of the SPD would be identical in all of these units.
2. Referenced Documents
Fluorescent lamps are frequently described by relative SPD’s
which show the amount of radiation at each wavelength as a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
percentage of the amount of radiation at the peak wavelength.
D 907 Terminology of Adhesives
3.2.5 UV-A, n—ultraviolet light in the wavelength band
G 151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Ac-
between 315 and 400 nm.
celerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
3.2.6 UV-B, n—ultraviolet light in the wavelength band
G 154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Light Apparatus
between 280 and 315 nm.
for UV Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
G 155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus
4. Significance and Use
for Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials
4.1 This practice is for determining the effects of UV light,
3. Terminology or UV light and water, on adhesive bonded joints under
controlled but artificial conditions. The results of this practice
3.1 Definitions—Many of the terms in this practice are
can be used for comparing the relative durability of several
defined in Terminology D 907.
adhesives in a specific laboratory UV exposure.
4.2 This practice is not for determining a forecast of the life
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on Adhesives
of an adhesive bond in service. It is only for determining the
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.40 on Adhesives for Plastics.
relative durability of different adhesives compared to each
Current edition approved April 1, 2005. Published April 2005. Originally
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 904 – 99. other.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.3 The results obtained may vary between the different
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
light sources (xenon-arc or fluorescent UV), because of the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
differentspectral-irradianceofthelamps.Adhesivesshouldnot
the ASTM website.
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D 904 – 99 (2005)
be compared to each other based on their performance under 5.6 Expose the specimens for 168 h or multiples thereof,
different types of light sources. unless a significant change is observed in a shorter time.
4.4 The results obtained may vary when operation condi-
6. Method B—Xenon Arc
tionsarevariedwithinthelimitsofagivenmethod.Theresults
6.1 Apparatus—Any xenon arc apparatus in accordance
may also vary when exposures are performed on instruments
with Practices G 151 and G 155.
made by different manufacturers. Comparisons between mate-
6.2 Filter configuration in accordance with Practices G 151
rials must only be made when they are tested at the same time
and G 155.
in the same instrument. Be sure to accurately report the
6.3 Irradiance Level—Set the irradiance level to a level
operating conditi
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