ASTM D3810-97

Standard Test Method for Minimum Application Torque of Type IA Child-Resistant Closures

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of or the recommendation for minimum application torque that results in a fully degraded removal torque that is at a level greater than the maximum expected reverse-ratchet torque for a Type IA child-resistant closure. (See Classification D3475).  
1.2 This test method provides a procedure that will assure the maintenance of the respective child-resistant properties of Type IA child-resistant closures.  
1.3 A major limitation to the determination of minimum application torque of Type IA child-resistant closures is because many cappers lack the capability for measuring closure application torques; therefore, minimal recommendations derived from this method are, of necessity, defined in terms of the immediate removal torques.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Sep-1997
• Technical Committee: D10 - Packaging

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D3810-97(2002) - Standard Test Method for Minimum Application Torque of Type IA Child-Resistant Closures
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-1997

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 3810 – 97
Standard Test Method for
Minimum Application Torque of Type IA Child-Resistant
Closures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3810; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Act of 1970 Regulations, Part 1700—Poison Prevention
Packaging
1.1 This test method covers the determination of or the
ISO Bulletin 2233 Packaging—Complete, Filled, Transport
recommendation for minimum application torque that results in
Packages—Part 2: Conditioning for Testing
a fully degraded removal torque that is at a level greater than
the maximum expected reverse-ratchet torque for a Type IA
3. Terminology
child-resistant closure. (See Classification D 3475).
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 This test method provides a procedure that will assure
3.1.1 Type IA child-resistant closure—a reclosable continu-
the maintenance of the respective child-resistant properties of
ous thread closure requiring a random push-down force while
Type IA child-resistant closures.
turning to remove from the container. No orientation of the
1.3 A major limitation to the determination of minimum
push-down force is necessary.
application torque of Type IA child-resistant closures is be-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
cause many cappers lack the capability for measuring closure
3.2.1 application torque—the moment of a force or the
application torques; therefore, minimal recommendations de-
system of forces tending to cause rotation of an appropriate
rived from this method are, of necessity, defined in terms of the
closure over the neck finish of an appropriate container,
immediate removal torques.
causing the closure to be applied and secured to the container.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.2 removal torque—the moment of a force or the system
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of forces tending to cause rotation of an appropriate closure in
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
a direction opposite to that of application causing the closure to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
be unsecured from its position on the neck finish of an
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
appropriate container.
2. Referenced Documents 3.2.3 reverse-ratchet torque—the moment of a force or the
system of forces tending to cause rotation of the outer shell
2.1 ASTM Standards:
over the inner shell of a Type IA child-resistant closure. The
D 3198 Test Method for Application and Removal Torque
rotation is in a direction opposite to that for closure application.
of Threaded or Lug-Style Closures
3.2.4 degraded removal torque—that removal torque found,
D 3472 Test Method for Reverse-Ratchet Torque of Type
2 after a suitable period of storage of the package under
IA Child-Resistant Closures
controlled conditions of temperature and relative humidity,
D 3474 Practice for the Calibration and Use of Torque
2 when the liner (or cap, if there is no liner) is at a completely
Meters Used in Packaging Applications
relaxed state and when no significant change occurs in the
D 3475 Classification of Child-Resistant Packages
removal torque after this period of storage.
2.2 Other Standards:
16 CFR 1700 Title 16—Commercial Practices, Chapter
4. Summary of Test Method
II—CPSC, Subchapter E, Poison Prevention Packaging
4.1 Representative samples of Type IA child-resistant clo-
sures and appropriate containers are preconditioned in a
controlled environment of temperature and relative humidity.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.31 on Child
Resistant Packaging. Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1997. Published February 1998. Originally DC 20402.
published as D 3810 – 79. Last previous edition D 3810 – 91. Available from the American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09. New York, NY 10018.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 3810
4.2 Representative samples of Type IA child-resistant clo- 7.1.2 Data points should include immediate testing, one day,
sures are then applied to appropriate containers using a one week, two weeks, three weeks, and four weeks.
torque-measuring device. 7.1.3 Select unused closures, complete with liners if appro-
4.3 Reverse-ratchet torque ranges are determined by using priate, and unused containers, with the correct corresponding
Test Method D 3472. size finish, that are within specifications.
4.4 Application torque level ranges are evaluated by using
8. Calibration
Test Method D 3198.
4.5 Tests are continued over an appropriate period of time
8.1 Calculate the torque meter in accordance with Practice
sufficient to demonstrate no significant change in closure
D 3474.
removal torque levels.
9. Conditioning
5. Significance and Use
9.1 Control the relative humidity and temperature condi-
5.1 This test method may be used to:
tions in such a way that the data may be reasonably comparable
5.2 Compare the functioning of two or more kinds of Type
when repetitive testing of closure-container combinations for
IA closures.
removal torque is intended. The atmosphere conditions in
5.3 Determine or aid in the recommendations for minimum
Table 1 may be used when special conditioning is applicable.
immediate removal torque or minimum application torque for
Other atmosphere conditions may also be used as appropriate.
the proper securing of Type IA child-resistant closures after
NOTE 3—Closure application and removal torque levels may be influ-
evaluation of the torque degradation characteristics of the
enced by such variables as time, temperature, relative humidity, and
closure-container system.
conditioning of the closures and containers prior to testing and by
5.4 Compare immediate removal torque to fully degraded,
temperature and relative humidity during storage and at the time of
with long-term storage, removal torque for a given closure- testing.
container system.
9.2 Precondition the components separately in a controlled
5.5 Provide for the evaluation of one aspect of child-
environment of temperature and relative humidity a minimum
resistant closure continuous functioning by projected reverse-
of 48 h prior to their being combined into closure-container
ratchet abuse.
systems to be evaluated. Do not stack the components to assure
5.6 Compare application torque retentions of given Type IA
an adequate circulation of air around them.
closures following a change in lining material, closure mate-
9.2.1 For temperatures that are considered to be extreme, a
rial, container type, or any other change from the closure-
tolerance of 63°C is recommended. For temperatures that are
container system initially evaluated.
not considered to be extreme, a tolerance of 62°C is recom-
5.7 Assure by determining reverse-ratchet torques and re-
mended. For relative humidity, a tolerance of 62 % relative
moval torques, that the given Type IA child-resistant closure is
humidity is generally expected to be the total variation in
continuing to function as it did during child and adult protocol
well-designed conditioning mo
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