ASTM C1117-89(1994)

Standard Test Method for Time of Setting of Shotcrete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance (Withdrawn 2003)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the time of setting of shotcrete, either in place or in shot panels, by means of penetration resistance measurements.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-1993
• Withdrawal Date: 13-May-2003
• ICS: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
• Technical Committee: C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
• Drafting Committee: C09.46 - Shotcrete

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 1117 – 89 (Reapproved 1994)
Standard Test Method for
Time of Setting of Shotcrete Mixtures by Penetration
Resistance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1117; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the time of 5.1 Since the setting of shotcrete is a gradual process, any
setting of shotcrete, either in place or in shot panels, by means definition of time of setting must necessarily be arbitrary. In
of penetration resistance measurements. this test method, the times of setting are defined in terms of the
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded times required for the shotcrete to reach specified values of
as the standard. penetration resistance. This test method is an adaptation of Test
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the Method C 403, with similar definitions for times of setting.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 5.2 This test method is used for testing shotcrete in place or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- in prepared test panels.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 5.3 This test method is applicable to normal-setting and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. rapid-setting shotcrete mixtures, and different testing proce-
dures are prescribed to accommodate the two types of mix-
2. Referenced Documents
tures.
2.1 ASTM Standards: 5.4 This test method is not recommended for shotcrete
C 403 Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete Mix-
mixtures containing coarse aggregate with a nominal maxi-
tures by Penetration Resistance mum size greater than ⁄8 in. (9 mm). Interference by large
D 1558 Test Method for Moisture Content Penetration Re-
aggregate particles can result in erratic values of penetration
sistance Relationships of Fine-Grained Soils resistance.
5.5 This test method may be used to determine the effects of
3. Terminology
variables such as temperature, brand, type, and content of
3.1 Definitions:
cementitious materials, mixture proportions, and admixtures
3.1.1 time of initial setting—the elapsed time, after initial
upon the time of setting of shotcrete. This test method may also
contact of cement and water, required for the shotcrete to reach
be used to determine compliance with time of setting require-
a penetration resistance of 500 psi (3.5 MPa).
ments.
3.1.2 time of final setting—the elapsed time, after initial
6. Apparatus
contact of cement and water, required for the shotcrete to reach
a penetration resistance of 4000 psi (27.6 MPa).
6.1 Penetration Resistance Apparatus—The penetration re-
sistance apparatus shall be a spring reaction-type and graduated
4. Summary of Test Method
from 10 to 130 lbf (45 to 580 N) in increments of 2 lbf (9 N)
4.1 At regular time intervals, the resistance of the shotcrete
or less; or it shall be a hydraulic reaction-type with a pressure
to penetration by standard needles is measured. The penetra-
gage having a capacity of 150 to 200 lbf (670 to 890 N) and
tion resistance is plotted as a function of the elapsed time, and
graduated in increments of 2 lbf or less. Indications of needle
the times of initial and final setting are determined.
loads shall be accurate to 2 lbf. Removable needles with the
1 1 1 1
following bearing areas shall be provided: 1, ⁄2, ⁄4, ⁄10, ⁄20 and
2 2
⁄40 in. (645, 323, 161, 65, 32, and 16 mm ). Each needle
shank shall be scribed circumferentially at a distance 1 in. (25
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-9 on
mm) from the bearing area. To minimize bending, the maxi-
Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2 2
1 1
mum length of the ⁄40-in. (16-mm ) needle shall be 3 ⁄2 in. (90
C09.46on Shotcrete.
Current edition approved April 28, 1989. Published June 1989.
mm).
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08. NOTE 1—A suitable apparatus is illustrated in Test Method D 1558.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C 1117 – 89 (1994)
7. Preparation of Specimens 9.3.1 Perform additional penetration tests at regular time
intervals as indicated in 9.3.2 and 9.3.3. If an abnormally high
7.1 Prepare shotcrete panels by using wooden or steel forms
penetration resistance is obtained because of interference with
having a length and width of at least 18 in. (460 mm) and a
a large aggregate particle, repeat the test and disregard the
depth of at least 3 in. (75 mm). Prepare one panel for each test
spurious result. The clear distance between needle impressions
condition. Construct forms with sufficient rigidity to preclude
shall be at least two diameters of the needle being used but not
dislodging of the shotcrete because of form vibration or
less than 1 in. (25 mm).
deformation.
9.3.2 For normal-setting mixtures and normal temperatures,
NOTE 2—Wooden forms can be made using a back made from plywood
perform penetration tests at 10-min intervals. A test consists of
that is at least ⁄4 in. (19 mm) thick, and the sides can be made from
obtaining the average of three penetration resistance measure-
standard 2-by-4 lumber. Acceptable steel forms can be made of sheet
3 ments conducted in succession. Perform the first test after an
material at least ⁄16 in. (5 mm) (Number 7 gage) thick.
elapsed time from initial contact of cement and water of 15 min
7.2 If wooden forms are used, wet the forms just before
or earlier if needed. Calculate and record the average penetra-
shotcreting and eliminate any standard water. Apply the shot-
tion resistance at each time interval. Plot the average penetra-
crete to the panel forms using the same equipment, personnel,
tion resistance and elapsed time on the graph.
and technique proposed for use or as is being used in the
9.3.3 For rapid-setting mixtures or high temperatures, begin
structure.
performing individual tests as soon as practicable, and make
7.3 In-p
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