ASTM E2187-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring the Ignition Strength of Cigarettes
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Ignition Strength of Cigarettes
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The most common initiating event in a fatal fire is the dropping of a cigarette onto a bed or piece of upholstered furniture, causing 20 % of the estimated U.S. fire deaths from 1992–1996 in residential structures, according to statistics provided by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Test Methods E1352 and E1353 have been developed to evaluate the susceptibility of upholstered furniture mock-ups and components to ignition by cigarettes. Federal Standard 16 CFR Part 1632, Standard for the Flammability of Mattresses and Mattress Pads, was promulgated to reduce the likelihood that mattresses and mattress pads would ignite from a lighted cigarette.
This test method enables comparison of the relative ignition strength of different cigarette designs.
In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to a set of laboratory conditions. If different conditions are substituted or the end use conditions are changed, it may not be possible, using this test, to predict quantitative changes in the fire test response characteristics measured. Therefore, the quantitative results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard provides a standard measure of the capability of a cigarette, positioned on one of three standard substrates, to generate sufficient heat to continue burning and thus potentially cause ignition of bedding or upholstered furniture.
1.2 This method has value as a predictor of the relative propensity of a cigarette to ignite upholstered furnishings.
1.3 This method is applicable to cigarettes that burn along the length of a tobacco column.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6.
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Designation: E2187 − 09 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Test Method for
1
Measuring the Ignition Strength of Cigarettes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2187; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
ThemostcommoninitiatingeventinafatalfireintheUnitedStatesisthedroppingofalitcigarette
onto a bed or piece of upholstered furniture. The cigarette coal heats the furnishing materials to the
point where smoldering combustion begins, perhaps followed by a transition to flaming combustion.
Since limiting the frequency of ignitions is a principal approach to reducing fire loss, it is desirable
to establish a test method for the propensity of a cigarette to ignite soft furnishings. This test method
uses standard substrates to determine the extent to which, as the substrate draws heat from the
cigarette, the cigarette combustion remains strong enough to be capable of initiating a fire.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This fire-test-response standard provides a standard
E176Terminology of Fire Standards
measure of the capability of a cigarette, positioned on one of
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
threestandardsubstrates,togeneratesufficientheattocontinue
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
burning and thus potentially cause ignition of bedding or
E1352Test Method for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of
upholstered furniture.
Mock-Up Upholstered Furniture Assemblies
1.2 This method has value as a predictor of the relative
E1353Test Methods for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of
propensity of a cigarette to ignite upholstered furnishings.
Components of Upholstered Furniture
2.2 Other Standard:
1.3 This method is applicable to cigarettes that burn along
Standard for the Flammability of Mattresses and Mattress
the length of a tobacco column.
Pads, 16 Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1632
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3. Terminology
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
method refer to Terminology E176.
1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the
responseofmaterials,products,orassembliestoheatandflame 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate 3.2.1 full-length burn, n—theoutcomeofadeterminationin
allfactorsrequiredforfirehazardorfireriskassessmentofthe which the cigarette burns to or past the front plane of the
materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. tipping paper, which covers the filter and perhaps a short
sectionofthetobaccocolumninafiltertipcigarette,orpastthe
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tips of the metal pins (see 7.5) if the cigarette has no filter.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Test Method
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 This test method measures the probability that a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
cigarette, placed on a substrate, will generate sufficient heat to
statements, see Section 6.
maintain burning of the tobacco column. Each determination
consists of placing a lit cigarette on the horizontal surface
consistingofasetnumberoflayersoffilterpaper.Observation
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire
Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.15 on Furnishings
2
and Contents. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2009. Published January 2010. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E2187–04. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E2187-09. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E2187 − 09
ismadeofwhetherornotthecigarettecontinuestoburntothe which the tests are conducted, which may also be the condi-
beginning of the tipping paper. Forty determinations (compris- tioning room, shall be maintained within the same temperature
ing a test) are performed to obtain the relative probability that and relative humidity ranges.
the cigarette will continue burning despite heat abstracti
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:E2187–04 Designation: E2187 – 09
Standard Test Method for
1
Measuring the Ignition Strength of Cigarettes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2187; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
ThemostcommoninitiatingeventinafatalfireintheUnitedStatesisthedroppingofalitcigarette
onto a bed or piece of upholstered furniture. The cigarette coal heats the furnishing materials to the
point where smoldering combustion begins, perhaps followed by a transition to flaming combustion.
Since limiting the frequency of ignitions is a principal approach to reducing fire loss, it is desirable
to establish a test method for the propensity of a cigarette to ignite soft furnishings. This test method
uses standard substrates to determine the extent to which, as the substrate draws heat from the
cigarette, the cigarette combustion remains strong enough to be capable of initiating a fire.
1. Scope
1.1 This fire-test-response standard provides a standard measure of the capability of a cigarette, positioned on one of three
standard substrates, to generate sufficient heat to continue burning and thus potentially cause ignition of bedding or upholstered
furniture.
1.2 This method has value as a predictor of the relative propensity of a cigarette to ignite upholstered furnishings.
1.3 This method is applicable to cigarettes that burn along the length of a tobacco column.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard measures is used to measure and describesdescribe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat
and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment
of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1352 Test Method for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Mock-Up Upholstered Furniture Assemblies
E1353 Test Methods for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Components of Upholstered Furniture
2.2 Other Standard:
Standard for the Flammability of Mattresses and Mattress Pads, 16 Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1632
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method refer to Terminology E176.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 full-length burn, n—the outcome of a determination in which the cigarette burns to or past the front plane of the tipping
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.15 on Furnishings and
Contents.
Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published August 2004. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E2187–02b. DOI:
10.1520/E2187-04.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2009. Published January 2010. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E2187–04. DOI:
10.1520/E2187-09.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2187 – 09
paper,whichcoversthefilterandperhapsashortsectionofthetobaccocolumninafiltertipcigarette,orpastthetipsofthemetal
pins (see 7.5) if the cigarette has no filter.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method measures the probability that a cigarette, placed on a substrate, will generate sufficient heat to maintain
burning of the tobacco column. Each determination consists of placing
...
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