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ASTM E932-89(2002)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Dispersive Infrared Spectrometers

Standard Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Dispersive Infrared Spectrometers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is intended for all infrared spectroscopists who are using dispersive instruments for qualitative or quantitative areas of analysis.
The purpose of this practice is to set forth performance guidelines for testing instruments used in developing an analytical method. These guidelines can be used to compare an instrument in a specific application with the instrument(s) used in developing the method.
An infrared procedure must include a description of the instrumentation and of the performnace needed to duplicate the precision and accuracy of the method.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the necessary information to qualify dispersive infrared instruments for specific analytical applications, and especially for methods developed by ASTM International.
1.2 This practice is not to be used as a rigorous test of performance of instrumentation.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
24-Aug-1989
ICS
17.180.30 - Optical measuring instruments
Technical Committee
E13 - Molecular Spectroscopy and Separation Science
Drafting Committee
E13.03 - Infrared and Near Infrared Spectroscopy
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E932-89(1997) - Standard Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Dispersive Infrared Spectrometers
Effective Date
25-Aug-1989
Replaced By
ASTM E932-89(2007) - Standard Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Dispersive Infrared Spectrometers
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM D6645-18 - Standard Test Method for Methyl (Comonomer) Content in Polyethylene by Infrared Spectrophotometry
Effective Date
25-Aug-1989
Referred By
ASTM D5576-00(2021)e1 - Standard Practice for Determination of Structural Features in Polyolefins and Polyolefin Copolymers by Infrared Spectrophotometry (FT-IR)
Effective Date
25-Aug-1989
Referred By
ASTM D6122-22 - Standard Practice for Validation of the Performance of Multivariate Online, At-Line, Field and Laboratory Infrared Spectrophotometer, and Raman Spectrometer Based Analyzer Systems
Effective Date
25-Aug-1989
Referred By
ASTM E1866-97(2021) - Standard Guide for Establishing Spectrophotometer Performance Tests
Effective Date
25-Aug-1989
Referred By
ASTM E1642-00(2016) - Standard Practice for General Techniques of Gas Chromatography Infrared (GC/IR) Analysis
Effective Date
25-Aug-1989
Referred By
ASTM E168-16(2023) - Standard Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quantitative Analysis
Effective Date
25-Aug-1989
Referred By
ASTM E2056-04(2016) - Standard Practice for Qualifying Spectrometers and Spectrophotometers for Use in Multivariate Analyses, Calibrated Using Surrogate Mixtures
Effective Date
25-Aug-1989
Referred By
ASTM E1252-98(2021) - Standard Practice for General Techniques for Obtaining Infrared Spectra for Qualitative Analysis
Effective Date
25-Aug-1989
Referred By
ASTM D2144-07(2021) - Standard Practices for Examination of Electrical Insulating Oils by Infrared Absorption
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ASTM D8470-22 - Standard Practice for Development and Implementation of Instrument Performance Tests for Use on Multivariate Online, At-Line and Laboratory Spectroscopic Based Analyzer Systems
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Referred By
ASTM E1421-99(2021) - Standard Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared (FT-MIR) Spectrometers: Level Zero and Level One Tests
Effective Date
25-Aug-1989
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ASTM E1655-17 - Standard Practices for Infrared Multivariate Quantitative Analysis
Effective Date
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ASTM D7399-18 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Amount of Polypropylene in Polypropylene/Low Density Polyethylene Mixtures Using Infrared Spectrophotometry
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ASTM E932-89(2002) - Standard Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Dispersive Infrared SpectrometersASTM E932-89(2002) - Standard Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Dispersive Infrared Spectrometers
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ASTM E932-89(2002) - Standard Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Dispersive Infrared Spectrometers
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E 932 – 89 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Practice for
Describing and Measuring Performance of Dispersive
Infrared Spectrometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E932; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope instrumentinaspecificapplicationwiththeinstrument(s)used
in developing the method.
1.1 This practice covers the necessary information to
4.3 An infrared procedure must include a description of the
qualify dispersive infrared instruments for specific analytical
instrumentationandoftheperformnaceneededtoduplicatethe
applications, and especially for methods developed by ASTM
precision and accuracy of the method.
International.
1.2 This practice is not to be used as a rigorous test of
5. Apparatus
performance of instrumentation.
5.1 For the purposes of this practice, dispersive instruments
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
include those employing prisms, gratings, or filters to separate
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
infrared radiation into its component wavelengths.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.2 For each new method, describe the apparatus and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
instrumentation both physically and mechanically, and also in
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
terms of performance as taught in this practice. That is, the
2. Referenced Documents description should give numerical values showing the fre-
quency accuracy and the frequency and the photometric
2.1 ASTM Standards:
precision. State the spectral slit width maximum or slit width
E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
programifoneisused.Wherepossible,statethemaximumand
E168 Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quanti-
minimum resolution if those data are a part of the instrument
tative Analysis
display. Show typical component spectra as produced by the
E387 Test Method for Estimating Stray Radiant Power
instrument to establish the needed resolution.
RatioofSpectrophotometersbytheOpaqueFilterMethod
5.3 If a computer program is used, describe the program.
E1252 Practice for General Techniques for Obtaining In-
2 Includetheprogramminglanguageandavailability,orwhether
frared Spectra for Qualitative Analysis
the program is proprietary to a manufacturer.
3. Terminology
6. Reference to this Practice in Standards
3.1 Definitions and Symbols—For definitions of terms and
6.1 Reference to this practice should be included in all
symbols, refer to Terminology E131 and Compilation of
3 ASTM infrared methods. The reference should appear in the
ASTM Standard Definitions.
section on apparatus where the particular spectrometer is
4. Significance and Use described.
4.1 This practice is intended for all infrared spectroscopists
7. Parameters in Spectroscopy
who are using dispersive instruments for qualitative or quan-
7.1 Dispersive infrared spectrometers have a source of
titative areas of analysis.
quasi-monochromatic radiation together with a photometer for
4.2 The purpose of this practice is to set forth performance
measuring relative radiant power. Accurate spectrometry in-
guidelines for testing instruments used in developing an
volvesalargenumberofinterrelatedfactorsthatdeterminethe
analyticalmethod.Theseguidelinescanbeusedtocomparean
quality of the radiant power passing through a sample and the
sensitivity and linearity with which this radiant power can be
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E13 on Molecular measured. Assuming proper instrumentation and its use, the
Spectroscopy and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E13.03 on Infrared
instrumental factors responsible for inaccuracies in spectrom-
Spectroscopy.
etry are resolution, linearity (Practices E168), stray radiant
Current edition approved Aug. 25, 1989. Published October 1989.
power (Test Method E387), and cell constants (Practice
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06.
Available from ASTM International Headquarters, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
West Conshohocken, PA 19428.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E 932
E1252). Rigorous measurement of these factors is beyond the 9.2 wavenumber accuracy—the deviation of the average
scope of this practice, and a more practical approach is wavenumber reading of an absorption band or emission band
described for the accessible factors. from the known wavenumber of that band.
10. Nature of Test
8. Instrument Operation
10.1 For the purpose of calibration, most methods employ
8.1 The analyst selects the proper instrumental operating
pure compounds and known mixtures at specified analytical
conditions in order to get satisfactory performance (1-3).
wavenumbers. The wavenumbers are either read from a dial,
Because instrument design varies, the manufacturer’s recom-
optical display, chart paper, or a computer file.
mendations are usually best. A record of operating conditions
should be kept so that data can be duplicated by future users.
11. Reference Wavenumbers in the Infrared Region (2)
8.2 Inadditiontooperatingconditions,thefollowingshould
11.1 The recommended wavenumber calibration points are
be checked and recorded:
the absorption maxima of a standard (98.4/0.8/0.8 by weight)
8.2.1 Ambient temperature,
indene/camphor/cyclohexanonemixturelistedinTable1.Suit-
8.2.2 Pen response time,
able path lengths are 0.2 mm for the range from 3800 to 1580
8.2.3 Scanning speed,
−1
cm and0.03mmforthewavenumberrangefrom1600to600
NOTE 1—Insomeinstrumentsthesefunctionsareintegratedinthescan
-1
cm . A mixture containing equal parts by weight of indene,
modes.
camphor,andcyclohexanone(1/1/1byweight)atapathlength
−1
8.2.4 Noise level, and
of 0.1 mm may be used for the range from 600 to 300 cm .
8.2.5 Mechanical repeatability.
See Table 2 and Fig. 1.
8.3 Each of the above factors is important in the measure-
11.2 Polystyrene is also a convenient calibration standard
−1
ment of analytical wavenumber and photometric data.There is
forthewavenumberrangefrom4000to400cm .Polystyrene
usually some lag between the recorded reading and the correct
films, approximately 0.03 to 0.05 mm thick, can be purchased
reading. Proper selection of operating conditions and good,
from instrument manufacturers. The recommended calibration
reproducible, sample handling techniques minimize these ef-
peaks are listed in Fig. 2.
fects or make the effects repeatable. For example:
NOTE 3—The correction of frequency for the refractive index of air is
8.3.1 Variation in temperature of the monochromator or
significant in the wavenumber calculation only when wavelengths have
sample may cause changes in wavenumber precision and
been measured to better than 3 parts in 10 000. Reference (3) tabulates
accuracy.
additional reference wavenumbers of interest.
8.3.2 Scanningtoofastwilldisplacetheapparentwavenum-
11.3 For low-resolution prism or filter instruments operated
ber towards the direction scanned and will decrease the peak
in single-beam mode, the position of the atmospheric carbon
absorbance reading for each band.
−1
dioxide band near 2350 cm can be useful. This band may be
−1
NOTE 2—Some instruments provide for automatic monitoring and
resolved into a doublet. The 2350-cm value is for the
correction of this effect.
8.4 Mechanical repeatability of the monochromator and
TABLE 1 Indene-Camphor-Cyclohexanone (98.4/0.8/0.8)
recording system as well as positioning of chart paper are
Mixture—Recommended Calibration Bands
important in wavenumber measurement.
Band Wavenumber, Band Wavenumber,
−1 −1
No. cm No. cm
8.4.1 Chart paper should be checked for uniformity of the
printed scale length as received and rechecked at time of use, 1 3927.2 6 1.0 44a 1741.9
2 3901.6 44b 1713.4
particularly if the paper has been subjected to pronounced
3 3798.9 47 1661.8
humiditychanges.Instructionsonobtainingpropermechanical
5 3660.6 6 1.0 48 1609.8
repeatability may be given in the manufacturer’s literature.
8 3297.8 6 1.0 49 1587.5
9 3139.5 51 1553.2
8.5 In the case of computerized dispersive instruments, any
10 3110.2 53 1457.3 6 1.0
spectrum printed from a computer file must be obtained as
12 3025.4 54 1393.5
prescribed by the manufacturer and should be identical to the 15 2887.6 55 1361.1
17 2770.9 57 1312.4
original data.
19 2673.3 58 1288.0
20 2622.3 60 1226.2
PRECISION AND ACCURACY
21 2598.4 6 1.0 61 1205.1
23 2525.5 62 1166.1
28 2305.1 64 1122.4
9. Definitions
29 2271.4 66 1067.7 6 1.0
30 2258.7 67 1018.5
9.1 wavenumber precision—ameasureofthecapabilityofa
33 2172.8 69 947.2
spectrometer to return to the same spectral position as mea-
34 2135.8 6 1.0 70 942.4
sured by a well-defined absorption or emission band when the
35 2113.2 71 914.7
36 2090.2 72 861.3
instrumentisresetorrescanned.Theindexusedinthispractice
39 1943.1 73 830.5
is the standard deviation.
40 1915.3 74 765.3
41 1885.1 76 718.1
...

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4.1 This practice permits an analyst to compare the general performance of an instrument, as it is being used in a specific spectrophotometric method, with the performance of instruments used in developing the method.
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1.3.1 Exception—Informational inch-pound units are provided in 5.4.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E932-89(2021)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Dispersive Infrared Spectrometers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is intended for all infrared spectroscopists who are using dispersive instruments for qualitative or quantitative areas of analysis.  
4.2 The purpose of this practice is to set forth performance guidelines for testing instruments used in developing an analytical method. These guidelines can be used to compare an instrument in a specific application with the instrument(s) used in developing the method.  
4.3 An infrared procedure must include a description of the instrumentation and of the performance needed to duplicate the precision and accuracy of the method.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the necessary information to qualify dispersive infrared instruments for specific analytical applications, and especially for methods developed by ASTM International.  
1.2 This practice is not to be used as a rigorous test of performance of instrumentation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1866-97(2021)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Establishing Spectrophotometer Performance Tests

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 If ASTM Committee E13 has not specified an appropriate test procedure for a specific type of spectrophotometer, or if the sample specified by a Committee E13 procedure is incompatible with the intended spectrophotometer operation, then this guide can be used to develop practical performance tests.  
4.1.1 For spectrophotometers which are equipped with permanent or semi-permanent sampling accessories, the test sample specified in a Committee E13 practice may not be compatible with the spectrophotometer configuration. For example, for FT-MIR instruments equipped with transmittance or IRS flow cells, tests based on polystyrene films are impractical. In such cases, these guidelines suggest means by which the recommended test procedures can be modified so as to be performed on a compatible test material.  
4.1.2 For spectrophotometers used in process measurements, the choice of test materials may be limited due to process contamination and safety considerations. These guidelines suggest means of developing performance tests based on materials which are compatible with the intended use of the spectrophotometer.  
4.2 Tests developed using these guidelines are intended to allow the user to compare the performance of a spectrophotometer on any given day with prior performance. The tests are intended to uncover malfunctions or other changes in instrument operation, but they are not designed to diagnose or quantitatively assess the malfunction or change. The tests are not intended for the comparison of spectrophotometers of different manufacture.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers basic procedures that can be used to develop spectrophotometer performance tests. The guide is intended to be applicable to spectrophotometers operating in the ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared and mid-infrared regions.  
1.2 This guide is not intended as a replacement for specific practices such as Practices E275, E925, E932, E958, E1421, or E1683 that exist for measuring performance of specific types of spectrophotometers. Instead, this guide is intended to provide guidelines in how similar practices should be developed when specific practices do not exist for a particular spectrophotometer type, or when specific practices are not applicable due to sampling or safety concerns. This guide can be used to develop performance tests for on-line process spectrophotometers.  
1.3 This guide describes univariate level zero and level one tests, and multivariate level A and level B tests which can be implemented to measure spectrophotometer performance. These tests are designed to be used as rapid, routine checks of spectrophotometer performance. They are designed to uncover malfunctions or other changes in instrument operation, but do not specifically diagnose or quantitatively assess the malfunction or change. The tests are not intended for the comparison of spectrophotometers of different manufacture.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1982-98(2021)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared (OP/FT-IR) Monitoring of Gases and Vapors in Air

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 An OP/FT-IR monitor can, in principle, measure the concentrations of all IR-active gases and vapors in the atmosphere. Detailed descriptions of OP/FT-IR systems and the fundamental aspects of their operation are given in Practice E1685 and the FT-IR Open-Path Monitoring Guidance Document. A method for processing OP/FT-IR data to obtain the concentrations of gases over a long, open path is given in Compendium Method TO-16. Applications of OP/FT-IR systems include monitoring for gases and vapors in ambient air, along the perimeter of an industrial facility, at hazardous waste sites and landfills, in response to accidental chemical spills or releases, and in workplace environments.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for using active open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP/FT-IR) monitors to measure the concentrations of gases and vapors in air. Procedures for choosing the instrumental parameters, initially operating the instrument, addressing logistical concerns, making ancillary measurements, selecting the monitoring path, acquiring data, analyzing the data, and performing quality control on the data are given. Because the logistics and data quality objectives of each OP/FT-IR monitoring program will be unique, standardized procedures for measuring the concentrations of specific gases are not explicitly set forth in this practice. Instead, general procedures that are applicable to all IR-active gases and vapors are described. These procedures can be used to develop standard operating procedures for specific OP/FT-IR monitoring applications.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This practice does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this practice to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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