ASTM D2158-16a

Standard Test Method for Residues in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Control over the residue content (required by Specification D1835) is of considerable importance in end-use applications of LPG. In liquid feed systems, residues can lead to troublesome deposits and, in vapor withdrawal systems, residues that are carried over can foul regulating equipment. Residues that remain in vapor-withdrawal systems will accumulate, can be corrosive, and will contaminate subsequent product. Water, particularly if alkaline, can cause failure of regulating equipment and corrosion of metals.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of extraneous materials weathering above 38 °C that are present in liquefied petroleum gases. The extraneous materials will generally be dissolved in the LPG, but may have phase-separated in some instances.  
1.2 Liquefied petroleum gases that contain certain anti-icing additives can give erroneous results by this test method.  
1.3 Although this test method has been used to verify cleanliness and lack of heavy contaminants in propane for many years, it might not be sensitive enough to protect some equipment from operational problems or increased maintenance. A more sensitive test, able to detect lower levels of dissolved contaminants, could be required for some applications.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Dec-2016
• ICS: 75.160.30 - Gaseous fuels
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.H0 - Liquefied Petroleum Gas

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2158 −16a
Designation: 317/95(02)
Standard Test Method for
1
Residues in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2158; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
D1835Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofextraneous
E1137SpecificationforIndustrialPlatinumResistanceTher-
materials weathering above 38°C that are present in liquefied
mometers
petroleum gases. The extraneous materials will generally be
E2251Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-
dissolved in the LPG, but may have phase-separated in some
eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
instances.
E2877Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers
1.2 Liquefiedpetroleumgasesthatcontaincertainanti-icing
additives can give erroneous results by this test method.
3. Terminology
1.3 Although this test method has been used to verify
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
cleanliness and lack of heavy contaminants in propane for
3.1.1 oil stain observation, n—the volume of solvent-
many years, it might not be sensitive enough to protect some
residue mixture required to yield an oil stain or ring that
equipment from operational problems or increased mainte-
persists for 2min under specified conditions on absorbent
nance. A more sensitive test, able to detect lower levels of
paper.
dissolved contaminants, could be required for some applica-
3.1.2 residue, n—the volume, measured to the nearest
tions.
0.05mL,oftheresidualmaterialboilingabove38°Cresulting
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
from the evaporation of 100mL of sample under the specified
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
conditions of this test method.
standard.
3.1.3 solvent-residue mixture, n—a mixture (solution) of
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
10mL of solvent with any residue remaining in the centrifuge
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tube at the conclusion of the first step in this test method.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 4. Summary of Test Method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 A 100mL sample of liquefied petroleum gas is weath-
ered in a 100mL centrifuge tube. The volume of residue
2. Referenced Documents
remaining after heating the tube to 38°C is measured and
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
recorded.
D96Test Method for Water and Sediment in Crude Oil by
4.2 Todissolveanyresidue,10mLofsolventisaddedtothe
3
Centrifuge Method (Field Procedure) (Withdrawn 2000)
centrifuge tube. Small, measured volumes of solvent-residue
D1796Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by
mixture are deposited on an absorbent paper in a specified
manner. The appearance of the absorbent paper to which the
residue solution has been added in measured increments is
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
observed and recorded.
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.H0 on Liquefied Petroleum Gas.
5. Significance and Use
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2016. Published January 2017. Originally
approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D2158–16. DOI:
5.1 Control over the residue content (required by Specifica-
10.1520/D2158-16A.
2
tion D1835) is of considerable importance in end-use applica-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
tions of LPG. In liquid feed systems, residues can lead to
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
troublesome deposits and, in vapor withdrawal systems, resi-
the ASTM website.
3
dues that are carried over can foul regulating equipment.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. Residues that remain in vapor-withdrawal systems will
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D2158 − 16a
accumulate,canbecorrosive,andwillcontaminatesubsequent is especially important. The taper shall be uniform and the
product. Water, particularly if alkaline, can cause failure of bottom shall be rounded as shown in Fig. 1. Tubes shall be
regulatin
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2158 − 16 D2158 − 16a
Designation: 317/95317/95(02)
Standard Test Method for
1
Residues in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2158; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of extraneous materials weathering above 38 °C that are present in liquefied
petroleum gases. The extraneous materials will generally be dissolved in the LPG, but may have phase-separated in some instances.
1.2 Liquefied petroleum gases that contain certain anti-icing additives can give erroneous results by this test method.
1.3 Although this test method has been used to verify cleanliness and lack of heavy contaminants in propane for many years,
it might not be sensitive enough to protect some equipment from operational problems or increased maintenance. A more sensitive
test, able to detect lower levels of dissolved contaminants, could be required for some applications.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
D96 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Crude Oil by Centrifuge Method (Field Procedure) (Withdrawn 2000)
D1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
D1835 Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases
E1137 Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
E2877 Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 oil stain observation, n—the volume of solvent-residue mixture required to yield an oil stain or ring that persists for 2 min
under specified conditions on absorbent paper.
3.1.2 residue, n—the volume, measured to the nearest 0.05 mL, of the residual material boiling above 38 °C resulting from the
evaporation of 100 mL of sample under the specified conditions of this test method.
3.1.3 solvent-residue mixture, n—a mixture (solution) of 10 mL of solvent with any residue remaining in the centrifuge tube at
the conclusion of the first step in this test method.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A 100 mL sample of liquefied petroleum gas is weathered in a 100 mL centrifuge tube. The volume of residue remaining
after heating the tube to 38 °C is measured and recorded.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.H0 on Liquefied Petroleum Gas.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016Dec. 15, 2016. Published January 2017. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 20112016 as
D2158 – 11.D2158 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/D2158-16.10.1520/D2158-16A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2158 − 16a
4.2 To dissolve any residue, 10 mL of solvent is added to the centrifuge tube. Small, measured volumes of solvent-residue
mixture are deposited on an absorbent paper in a specified manner. The appearance of the absorbent paper to which the residue
solution has been added in measured increments is observed and recorded.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Control over the residue content (required by Specification D1835) is of considerable importance in end-use applications
of LPG. In liquid feed systems, residues can lead to troublesome deposits and, in vapor withd
...