ASTM C813-90(1999)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Hydrophobic Contamination on Glass by Contact Angle Measurement
Standard Test Method for Hydrophobic Contamination on Glass by Contact Angle Measurement
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the detection of hydrophobic contamination on glass surfaces by means of contact angle measurements. When properly conducted, the test will enable detection of fractions of monomolecular layers of hydrophobic organic contaminants. Very rough or porous surfaces may significantly decrease the sensitivity of the test.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C 813 – 90 (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Test Method for
Hydrophobic Contamination on Glass by Contact Angle
Measurement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 813; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.7.1 Discussion—See Fig. 1.
1.1 This test method covers the detection of hydrophobic
4. Summary of Test Method
contamination on glass surfaces by means of contact angle
4.1 The contact angle test is performed by depositing
measurements. When properly conducted, the test will enable
droplets of permanganate-distilled water or reagent water in
detection of fractions of monomolecular layers of hydrophobic
accordance with Specification D 1193 on the surface to be
organic contaminants. Very rough or porous surfaces may
tested using a mounted hypodermic syringe, said droplets
significantly decrease the sensitivity of the test.
being deposited in such a way, as described herein, as to
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
measure the advancing contact angle. The measurements shall
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
be made by either of these two well-known methods: (1)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
viewing the sessile drop through a comparator microscope
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
fitted with a goniometer scale with direct measurement of the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
angle; or (2) photographing the sessile drop and measuring the
2. Referenced Documents angle with a protractor. The interpretation of the measurements
is based on the fact that organic contamination on surfaces
2.1 ASTM Standards:
results in contact angles appreciably higher than the near-zero
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
angles measured on clean surfaces or those contaminated by
3. Terminology
hydrophilic materials.
3.1 Definitions:
5. Significance and Use
3.1.1 advancing angle—the largest angle observable when a
5.1 The contact angle test is nondestructive and may be used
liquid droplet is increased in size.
for control and evaluation of processes for the removal of
3.1.2 hydrophilic—having a strong affinity for water; wet-
hydrophobic contaminants. The test may also be used for the
table.
detection and control of hydrophobic contaminants in process-
3.1.3 Discussion—Hydrophilic surfaces exhibit zero con-
ing ambients. For this application, a surface free of hydropho-
tact angles.
bic films is exposed to the ambient conditions and is subse-
3.1.4 hydrophobic—having little affinity for water; nonwet-
quently tested.
table.
3.1.5 Discussion—Hydrophobic surfaces exhibit contact
6. Interferences
angles appreciably greater than zero: generally greater than 45°
6.1 Loss of sensitivity may result from either of the follow-
for the advancing angle.
ing factors:
3.1.6 receding angle—the smallest angle observable when a
liquid droplet is decreased in size.
3.1.7 sessile drop—a drop of liquid sitting on the upper side
of a horizontal surface.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-14 on Glass
and Glass Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.02 on
Chemical Properties and Analysis.
Current edition approved Nov. 30, 1990. Published January 1991. Originally
e1
published as C 813 – 75. Last previous edition C 813 – 90 (1994) .
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 813 – 90 (1999)
6.1.1 The presence of hydrophilic substances on the surface 10. Procedure
to be tested, or in the water used for the test, or
10.1 Randomly select at least two sites where measurements
6.1.2 An unusually rough or porous surface.
will be made on the test surface. Bring the syringe needle into
close proximity to the test surface and, with the test surface in
7. Apparatus
a horizontal position, manipulate the hypodermic syringe so as
to force a drop having a volume of 0.02 to 0.05 mL onto the
7.1 Low-Power Comparator Microscope (53 to
surface to give an advancing angle (Note 1). The needle should
503), with goniometer scale and light source for illumination
remain immersed in the drop and should be centered in the
of small drops.
drop. Care must be taken that when the syringe plunger is
7.2 Camera, that can take photographs of the drop if this
released no motion is imparted to the plunger so as to cause any
alternative method is used.
retraction of the drop. Any retraction will cause the contact
7.3 Protractor, to measure the angle if the alternative
angle to be less than the true advancing angle (Note 2).
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