ASTM D822-01(2006)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings
Standard Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the selection of test conditions for accelerated exposure testing of coatings and related products in filtered open-flame carbon-arc devices conducted according to Practices G 151 and G 152. This practice also covers the preparation of test specimens, the test conditions suited for coatings, and the evaluation of test results. describes commonly used test conditions.Note 1
Previous versions of this practice referenced carbon-arc devices described by Practice G 23, which described very specific equipment designs. Practice G 23 has been withdrawn and replaced by Practice G 151, which describes performance criteria for all exposure devices that use laboratory light sources, and by Practice G 152, which gives requirements for exposing nonmetallic materials in filtered open flame carbon-arc devices.
1.2 This practice does not cover enclosed carbon-arc exposures of paints and related coatings, which is described in Practice D 5031. Another procedure for exposing these products is covered by Practice D 3361, in which the specimens are subjected to radiation from an unfiltered open-flame carbon arc that produces shorter wavelengths and higher levels of short wavelength radiation than filtered open-flame or enclosed carbon arcs.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D822 − 01 (Reapproved2006)
Standard Practice for
Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposures of Paint and
Related Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D822; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This practice covers the selection of test conditions for 2.1 ASTM Standards:
acceleratedexposuretestingofcoatingsandrelatedproductsin D358 Specification for Wood to Be Used as Panels in
filtered open-flame carbon-arc devices conducted according to Weathering Tests of Coatings
Practices G151 and G152. This practice also covers the D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
preparation of test specimens, the test conditions suited for D609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels
coatings, and the evaluation of test results. Table 1 describes for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and
commonly used test conditions. Related Coating Products
D610 Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted
NOTE 1—Previous versions of this practice referenced carbon-arc
Steel Surfaces
devices described by Practice G23, which described very specific equip-
D659 Method for Evaluating Degree of Chalking of Exterior
ment designs. Practice G23 has been withdrawn and replaced by Practice
G151, which describes performance criteria for all exposure devices that
Paints (Withdrawn 1990)
use laboratory light sources, and by Practice G152, which gives require-
D660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of
mentsforexposingnonmetallicmaterialsinfilteredopenflamecarbon-arc
Exterior Paints
devices.
D662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of
1.2 This practice does not cover enclosed carbon-arc expo-
Exterior Paints
sures of paints and related coatings, which is described in
D714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of
Practice D5031. Another procedure for exposing these prod-
Paints
ucts is covered by Practice D3361, in which the specimens are
D772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal-
subjected to radiation from an unfiltered open-flame carbon arc
ing) of Exterior Paints
that produces shorter wavelengths and higher levels of short
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
wavelength radiation than filtered open-flame or enclosed
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
carbon arcs.
D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information D1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of
only. Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
a Ferrous Base (Withdrawn 2006)
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D1400 TestMethodforNondestructiveMeasurementofDry
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Film Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Nonferrous Metal Base (Withdrawn 2006)
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published November 2006. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1945. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D822 – 01. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D0822-01R06. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D822 − 01 (2006)
A
TABLE 1 Test Cycles Commonly Used for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposure Testing of Paints and Related Coatings
Uninsulated Black
B
Panel Temperature
C
Cycle Number Cycle Description (°C) (°F) Typical Uses
E
1 Continuous light 63 ± 2.5 145 ± 5 General coatings and historical convention
102 minlight onlyat50±5%RH
D
18 min light and water spray
Repeat continuously
2 18 h continuous light using: 63±2.5 145±5 General coatings
102 minlight onlyat50±5%RH 24±1.5 75±3
18 min light and water spray
6 h dark using:
95 % relative humidity (no water spray)
Repeat continuously
3 48min light at 50±5%RH 63 ± 2.5 145 ± 5 Coatings used in original equipment manufacturing
12 min light and water spray
Repeat continuously
4 4hlight at 50±5%RH 63 ± 2.5 145 ± 5 Exterior pigmented stains
4 h dark with water spray
Repeat continuously
5 12hlight at 50±5%RH 63 ± 2.5 145 ± 5 Exterior wood stains and clears
12 h dark water spray
Repeat continuously
6 8hlight at 50±5%RH 63 ± 2.5 145 ± 5 Marine enamels
10 h light and water spray
6 h dark with water spray
Repeat continuously
A
The cycles described are not listed in any order indicating importance, and are not necessarily recommended for the applications listed.
B
Unless otherwise indicated, black panel temperatures apply during the light-only portion of the cycle. The equilibrium black panel temperature is obtained without a spray
period. For light intervals less than 30 min, the black panel temperature might not reach equilibrium.
C
Typical uses do not imply that results from exposures of these materials according to the cycle described will correlate to those from actual use conditions.
D
Unless otherwise specified, water spray refers to water sprayed on the exposed surfaces of the test specimens.
E
Historical convention has established this as a very commonly used test cycle. This cycle may not adequately simulate the effects of outdoor exposure.
D1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and G151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials inAccel-
Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for Painting erated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
G152 Practice for Operating Open Flame Carbon Arc Light
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
Coordinates
G169 Guide for Application of Basic Statistical Methods to
D2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-
Weathering Tests
ence With a Gray Scale
D3361 Practice for Unfiltered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Ex-
3. Terminology
posures of Paint and Related Coatings
3.1 The definitions given in Terminology G113 are appli-
D3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint and
cable to this practice.
Related Materials (Withdrawn 1998)
D4214 Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalking
4. Significance and Use
of Exterior Paint Films
D5031 Practice for Enclosed Carbon-Arc Exposure Tests of
4.1 The ability of a paint or coating to resist deterioration of
Paint and Related Coatings
its physical and optical properties caused by exposure to light,
D5870 Practice for Calculating Property Retention Index of
heat, and water can be very significant for many applications.
Plastics
This practice is intended to induce property changes associated
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
with end-use conditions, including the effects of sunlight,
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
moisture, and heat. The exposure used in this practice is not
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-
intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized
surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
weather phenomena such as atmospheric pollution, biological
G23 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus
attack, and saltwater exposure.
(Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposure
of Nonmetallic Materials (Withdrawn 2000) 4.2 Cautions—Variation in results may be expected when
different operating conditions are used.Therefore, no reference
G113 Terminology Relating to Natural andArtificial Weath-
ering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials to the use of this practice shall be made unless accompanied by
a report prepared according to Section 10 that describes the
G141 Guide for Addressing Variability in Exposure Testing
of Nonmetallic Materials specific operating conditions used. Refer to Practice G151 for
G147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetal- detailed information on the caveats applicable to use of results
lic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests obtained according to this practice.
D822 − 01 (2006)
NOTE 2—Additional information on sources of variability and on
6.3 Carbon residue and ash are known respiratory irritants.
strategies for addressing variability in the design, execution, and data
Wearanappropriatehigh-efficiencydustrespirator,gloves,and
analysis of laboratory accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G141.
safety glasses when handling or changing carbon rods. Make
4.2.1 The spectral power distribution of light from an
sure to wash any carbon residue from hands or arms prior to
open-flame carbon-arc is significantly different from that
eating or drinking.
produced in light and water exposure devices using other
carbon-arc configurations or other light sources. The type and
7. Test Specimens
rate of degradation and the performance rankings produced by
7.1 Apply the coating to flat (plane) panels with the
exposures to filtered open-flame carbon-arcs can be much
substrate, method of preparation, method of application, coat-
different from those produced by exposures to other types of
ing system, film thickness, and method of drying consistent
laboratory light sources.
with the anticipated end use, or as mutually agreed upon
4.2.2 Interlaboratory comparisons are valid only when all
between the producer and user.
laboratories use the same type of carbon-arc, filters, and
exposure conditions.
7.2 Panel specifications and methods of preparation include
but are not limited to Practices D609 or D1730, or Specifica-
4.3 Reproducibility of test results between laboratories has
tion D358. Select panel sizes suitable for use with the exposure
been shown to be good when the stability of materials is
apparatus.
evaluated in terms of performance ranking compared to other
4,5
materials or to a control. Therefore, exposure of a similar
7.3 Coat test panels in accordance withTest Methods D823,
material of known performance (a control) at the same time as
then measure the film thickness in accordance with an appro-
the test materials is strongly recommended. It is recommended
priateprocedureselectedfromTestMethodsD1005,D1186,or
that at least three replicates of each material be exposed to
D1400. Nondestructive methods are preferred because panels
allow for statistical evaluation of results.
so measured need not be repaired.
4.4 Test results will depend upon the care that is taken to
7.4 Prior to exposing coated panels in the apparatus, condi-
operate the equipment according to Practice G152. Significant
tion them at 23 6 2°C (73 6 3°F) and 50 6 5 % relative
factors include regulation of line voltage, freedom from salt or
humidity for one of the following periods in accordance with
other deposits from water, temperature and humidity control,
the type of coating:
and conditions of the electrodes.
Baked coatings 24 h
4.5 All references to exposures in accordance with this
Radiation-cured coatings 24 h
All other coatings 7 days
practice must include a complete description of the test cycle
used.
7.4.1 Other procedures for preparation of test specimens
may be used if agreed upon between all interested parties.
5. Apparatus
7.5 Mount specimens in holders so that only the minimum
5.1 Use filtered open-flame carbon-arc apparatus that con-
specimen area required for support by the holder is covered.
forms to the requirements defined in Practices G151 and G152.
Do not use this covered area of the specimen as part of the test
area.
5.2 Unless otherwise specified, the spectral power distribu-
tion of the filtered open-flame carbon-arc shall conform to the
7.6 Unless otherwise specified, expose at least three repli-
requirements in Practice G152 for carbon arc with daylight
cate specimens of each test and control material.
filters.
7.7 Follow the procedures described in Practice G147 for
identification and conditioning and handling of specimens of
6. Hazards
test, control, and reference materials prior to, during, and after
6.1 Warning—In addition to other precautions, never look
exposure.
directly at the carbon arc because UVradiation can damage the
eye. Most carbon-arc machines are equipped with door safety 7.8 Do not mask the face of a specimen for the purpose of
switches, but users of old equipment must be certain to turn off showing on one panel the effects of various exposure times.
the power to the carbon arc before opening the test-chamber Misleading results may be obtained by this method, since the
door. masked portion of the specimen is still exposed to temperature
and humidity cycles that in many cases will affect results.
6.2 The burning carbon rods used in these devices become
very hot during use. Make sure to allow at least 15 min for the
7.9 Retain a supply of unexposed file specimens of all
arcs to cool after the device is turned off before attempting to
materials evaluated.
change the carbon rods.
7.9.1 When destructive tests are run, it is recommended that
a sufficient number of file specimens be retained so that the
property of interest can be determined on unexposed file
specimens each time exposed materials are evaluated.
Fischer, R., “Results of Round-Robin Studies of Light- and Water-Exposure
Standard Practices,” Accelerated and Outdoor Durability Testing of Organic
NOTE 3—Since the stability of the file specimen may also be time-
Materials, ASTM STP 1202, ASTM, 1993.
Ketola, W., and Fischer, R., “Characterization and Use of Reference Materials dependent, users are cautioned that over prolonged exposure periods, or
inAcceleratedDurabilityTests,”VAMASTechnicalReportNo.30,NIST,June1997. where small differences in the order of acceptable limits are anticipated,
D822 − 01 (2006)
comparisonofexposedspecimenswiththefilespecimenmayno
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