ASTM D2060-00(2005)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Measuring Zipper Dimensions
Standard Test Methods for Measuring Zipper Dimensions
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of the dimensions of all types and sizes of zippers.
1.2 The test methods appear as follows: SectionsChain Flatness34-39Chain Straightness40-44Chain Thickness28-33Length of Zipper or Parts9-14Longitudinal Dimensional Change45-52Slider Mouth Width21-27Tape Width15-20
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
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Designation:D2060–00 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Methods for
Measuring Zipper Dimensions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2060; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
´ NOTE—Editorial corrections were made in 2.1 in April 2005.
1. Scope D2054 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zipper Tapes to
Crocking
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of the
D2057 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to Laun-
dimensions of all types and sizes of zippers.
dering
1.2 The test methods appear as follows:
D2058 Test Method for Durability of Finish of Zippers to
Sections
Drycleaning
Chain Flatness 34-39
Chain Straightness 40-44
D2059 Test Method for Resistance of Zippers to Salt Spray
Chain Thickness 28-33
(Fog)
Length of Zipper or Parts 9-14
D2061 Test Methods for Strength Tests for Zippers
Longitudinal Dimensional Change 45-52
Slider Mouth Width 21-27
D2062 Test Methods for Operability of Zippers
Tape Width 15-20
D2724 Test Methods for Bonded, Fused, and Laminated
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or in other units shall Apparel Fabrics
be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
D2905 PracticeforStatementsonNumberofSpecimensfor
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
Textiles
must be used independently of the other, without combining
D3657 Specification for Zipper Dimensions
values in any way.
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Ventilation Ovens
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2.2 AATCC Method:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
AATCC 143 Appearance of Apparel and Other Textile End
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Products After Repeated Home Launderings
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2.3 ANSI Standard:
ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Sampling Procedures for Inspection by
2. Referenced Documents
Attributes
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3. Terminology
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles 3.1 For definitions of terms relating to Subassemblies,
D2050 Terminology Relating to Subassemblies
D13.54, refer to Terminology D2050.
D2051 Test Method for Durability of Finish of Zippers to 3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
Laundering
dimension, zipper.
D2052 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to Dry- 3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
cleaning
Terminology D123.
D2053 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to Light 3.2.1 Optional key terms, not under the jurisdiction of this
SC that must be used to understand this standard. If the
optional term is necessary, a very exact and detailed discussion
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on
must also be included to indicate why this is so.
Textiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.54 on Subassem-
blies., Inc.
Current edition approved March 1, 2005. Published April 2005. Originally
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D2060 – 00. DOI: Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
10.1520/D2060-00R05E01. on www.astm.org.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Technical Manual of the American Association of Textile Chemists and
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Colorists, P. O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
the ASTM website. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D2060–00 (2005)
4. Significance and Use 5. Sampling
4.1 The significance of specific tests is discussed in the 5.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,
take at random the number of individual containers from each
appropriate sections.
4.2 These test methods are considered satisfactory for ac- shipping carton as directed in an applicable material specifi-
cation or other agreement between the purchaser and the
ceptance testing of commercial shipments because the test
methods have been used extensively in the trade for this supplier. Consider individual containers from each shipping
carton to be the primary sampling units.
purpose, and because current estimates of between-laboratory
precision are acceptable in most cases.
NOTE 1—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
4.2.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
purchaserandsupplierrequirestakingintoaccountthevariabilitybetween
reported test results when using Test Methods D2060 for
shipping cartons and between zippers in a container to provide a sampling
acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and plan with a meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable
quality level, and limiting quality level.
the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if
there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent
5.2 Laboratory Sample and Test Specimens—As a labora-
statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of
tory sample for acceptance testing, take the number of zippers
bias.As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test
specified in Section 7 at random from each container in the lot
specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are
sample. Consider the zippers as both the laboratory sample and
from a lot of material of the type in question. The test
the test specimens.
specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers
6. Test Specimen
to each laboratory for testing.The average results from the two
6.1 The test specimen shall consist of a completely as-
laboratories should be compared using Student’s t-test for
sembled zipper or length of chain.
unpaireddataandanacceptableprobabilitylevelchosenbythe
two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias if found, either
7. Number of Specimens
its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the
7.1 All Properties Except Slider Mouth Width—Take a
supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of
number of zippers per individual container from each shipping
the known bias.
carton such that the user may expect at the 90 % probability
4.3 The test method(s) in these test methods, along with
level that the test result for an individual container is no more
those in Test Methods D2051, D2052, D2053, D2054, D2057,
than the amounts shown in Table 1, above or below the true
D2058, D2059, D2061, and D2062, are a collection of proven
average for the individual container. Determine the number of
test methods. They can be used as aids in the evaluation of
zippers per individual container as follows:
zippers without the need for a thorough knowledge of zippers.
7.1.1 Reliable Estimate of s or v—When there is a reliable
The enumerated test methods do not provide for the evaluation
estimate ofs orv based upon extensive past records for similar
of all zipper properties. Besides those properties measured by
materials tested in the user’s laboratory as directed in these test
means of the enumerated test methods there are other proper-
methods, calculate n using the equations in Table 1 which are
ties that may be important for the satisfactory performance of
based on (Eq 1) or (Eq 2) as noted in Test Method D2905,
a zipper. Test methods for measuring those properties have not
Section 5:
been published either because no practical methods have yet
2 2
been developed or because a valid evaluation of the informa- t 3s
n 5 (1)
tion resulting from existing unpublished methods requires an
E
intimate and thorough knowledge of zippers.
TABLE 1 Specimens Required Under Conditions of Known and Unknown Variability in User’s Laboratory Units as Indicated
No Reliable Estimate of s
Allowable Var- Equation for n Using
or v
Property iation (Two- a Reliable Estimate
Number of
Sided) of s or v A
Basis
Specimens
Length, assembled zipper, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 3 v 1 0.70
Length, chain, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 3 v 1 0.39
Length, top tape end, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 3 v 1 4.56
Length, bottom tape end, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 3 v 3 9.09
Length, opening, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 3 v 1 0.87
Effective tape width, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 3 v 1 2.34
Full tape width, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 3 v 1 2.51
Chain thickness, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 3 v 1 0.64
1 2
Chain straightness, ⁄32-in. increments 1.0 n = 2.71 3 s 1 0.59
Wet dimensional change, home laundry, 0.200 n = 67.6 3 s 17 0.49
percentage points
Wet dimensional change, launder-ometer, 0.200 n = 67.6 3 s 12 0.41
percentage points
Dimensional change in dry heat, 0.200 n = 67.6 3 s 10 0.38
percentage points
A
The values of s or v in Table 1 are somewhat larger than will usually be found in practice (see 7.1.2).
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D2060–00 (2005)
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tension, aligning the chain over a straight reference line on the
t 3v
n 5 (2)
working surface. Make marks on the working surface corre-
A
sponding to the zipper extremities. Remove the zipper and,
where:
using the scale, measure the distance between the marks to the
n = number of specimens (rounded upward to a whole 1
nearest 1.0 mm or ⁄32 in.
number),
NOTE 2—For the bottom end, the zipper extremities are the bottom of
s = reliable estimate of the standard deviation of individual
the bottom stop or interlocking element for a nonseparable zipper. The
observations in the user’s laboratory under conditions
bottom end of a separable zipper is the lowermost tape or reinforcing tape
of single-operator precision,
but not the overhang of the fixed retainer. For the top end, the zipper
v = reliable estimate of the coefficient of variation of
extremitiesarethetopofthetopstop,ortopofthelastelement,whichever
individual observations in the user’s laboratory under
is the extreme for both nonseparable and separable zippers.
conditions of single-operator precision,
12.2 Length of Chain—Place the closed chain, without
t = 1.645, the value of Student’s t for infinite degrees of
tension,flatonahorizontalworkingsurface,aligningthechain
freedom, for two-sided limits, and a 90 % probability
2 over a straight reference line on the working surface. Place the
level (t = 2.706), E and A = values of the allowable
2 2 2 2
scale on one stringer flush alongside the outer edge of the
variations listed in Table 1, and t /E and t /A = the
interlockable elements or the outer edge of the bead if the bead
basis for calculation of the constants in the equations in
extends beyond the elements. Measure the distance between
Table 1.
the extreme ends of the chain to the nearest 1 mm or ⁄32 in.
7.1.2 No Reliable Estimate of s or v— When there is no
12.3 Length of Tape End—Place the closed zipper, without
reliable estimate of s or v for the user’s laboratory, (Eq 1) or
tension,flatonahorizontalworkingsurface,aligningthechain
(Eq 2) should not be used directly. Instead, specify the number
over a straight reference line on the working surface. Place the
of specimens shown in Table 1. This number of specimens is
end of the scale against the outermost surface of the outermost
calculated using values of s or v, which are listed in Table 1,
stationary component. Measure to the nearest 1.0 mm or ⁄32 in.
and that are somewhat larger values of s or v than are usually
the tape end length along the cord to the outermost point of the
found in practice. When a reliable estimate of s or v for
pinked or straight-cut edge. In a case where the lengths of the
dimensional change or length of bottom end in the user’s
tape ends on the two stringers are different, measure the length
laboratory becomes available, the equations in Table 1, which
of the shorter tape end. This test method is not applicable to
are based on (Eq 1) and (Eq 2), will usually specify fewer
tape ends that are cut or pinked on a diagonal in excess of 5°
specimens than are listed in Table 1 for the condition when
in either direction.
there is no reliable estimate of s or v.
12.4 Effective Length of Opening, Completely Assembled
7.2 Slider Mouth Width—Unless otherwise agreed upon, as
Zipper—Place the closed zipper, without tension, flat on a
when specified in an applicable material specification, take one
horizontal working surface, aligning the chain over a straight
specimen per lot.
reference line on the working surface. With a sharp-pointed
8. Conditioning pencil, make a reference mark even with the top of the slider.
Move the slider to the extreme open position and make another
8.1 FortestsmadeasdirectedinSections12,18,37,41,and
reference mark even with the top of the slider. Measure the
49, bring the specimens to moisture equilibrium for testing in
distance between the marks to the nearest 1.0 mm or ⁄32 in.
the standard atmosphere for testing textiles as directed in
This test method is not applicable to separable zippers.
Practice D1776. Preconditioning is not required.
8.2 For tests made as directed in Sections 25 and 31,
13. Report
specimens need not be preconditioned nor conditioned.
13.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed in
LENGTH OF ZIPPER OR PARTS
Sections 9-14 ofTest Methods D2060. Describe the material or
product sampled and the method of sampling used.
9. Summary of Test Method
13.2 Report the following information:
9.1 The chain or zipper is placed on a flat surface and, with
13.2.1 The specific property (or properties) measured,
the aid of a suitable scale, the length of the zipper or desired
13.2.2 Number and description, of specimens tested, and
zipper part is determined.
13.2.3 Measured length of each specimen.
10. Significance and Use
14. Precision and Bias
10.1 These measurements are useful in determining con-
14.1 Precision—See Section 53.
formance with a purchasing specification and suitability for
14.1.1 Precisionofthetestmethodisrelatedtothecarewith
end use products using zippers.
which the operator reads the 1.0-mm ( ⁄32-in.) increments on
11. Apparatus
the scale. The test method, though employing measurement of
avariable,isreallydescriptiveratherthanquantitative.Thetest
11.1 Scale, graduated
...
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