ASTM D2060-00(2010)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Measuring Zipper Dimensions
Standard Test Methods for Measuring Zipper Dimensions
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The significance of specific tests is discussed in the appropriate sections.
These test methods are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because the test methods have been used extensively in the trade for this purpose, and because current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable in most cases.
In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Methods D2060 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias if found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known bias.
The test method(s) in these test methods, along with those in Test Methods D2051, D2052, D2053, D2054, D2057, D2058, D2059, D2061, and D2062, are a collection of proven test methods. They can be used as aids in the evaluation of zippers without the need for a thorough knowledge of zippers. The enumerated test methods do not provide for the evaluation of all zipper properties. Besides those properties measured by means of the enumerated test methods there are other properties that may be important for the satisfactory performance of a zipper. Test methods for measuring those properties have not been published either because no practical m...
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1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of the dimensions of all types and sizes of zippers.
1.2 The test methods appear as follows:
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2060 − 00(Reapproved 2010)
Standard Test Methods for
Measuring Zipper Dimensions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2060; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D2054Test Method for Colorfastness of Zipper Tapes to
Crocking
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of the
D2057Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to Laun-
dimensions of all types and sizes of zippers.
dering
1.2 The test methods appear as follows:
D2058Test Method for Durability of Finish of Zippers to
Sections
Drycleaning
Chain Flatness 34-39
D2059Test Method for Resistance of Zippers to Salt Spray
Chain Straightness 40-44
(Fog)
Chain Thickness 28-33
Length of Zipper or Parts 9-14
D2061Test Methods for Strength Tests for Zippers
Longitudinal Dimensional Change 45-52
D2062Test Methods for Operability of Zippers
Slider Mouth Width 21-27
D2724Test Methods for Bonded, Fused, and Laminated
Tape Width 15-20
Apparel Fabrics
1.3 ThevaluesstatedineitherSIunitsorinotherunitsshall
D2905Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens for
be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
D3657Specification for Zipper Dimensions
must be used independently of the other, without combining
E145Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
values in any way.
Ventilation Ovens
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2.2 AATCC Method:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
AATCC 143Appearance of Apparel and Other Textile End
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Products After Repeated Home Launderings
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
2.3 ANSI Standard:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Sampling Procedures for Inspection by
2. Referenced Documents
Attributes
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3. Terminology
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
3.1 For definitions of terms relating to Subassemblies,
D2050Terminology Relating to Fasteners and Closures
D13.54, refer to Terminology D2050.
Used with Textiles
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
D2051Test Method for Durability of Finish of Zippers to
dimension, zipper.
Laundering
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
D2052Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to Dry-
Terminology D123.
cleaning
3.2.1 Optional key terms, not under the jurisdiction of this
D2053Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to Light
SC that must be used to understand this standard. If the
optionaltermisnecessary,averyexactanddetaileddiscussion
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on
must also be included to indicate why this is so.
Textiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.54 on
Subassemblies., Inc.
Current edition approved June 1, 2010. Published August 2010. Originally
ε1
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D2060–00(05) . The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/D2060-00R10. www.astm.org.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Technical Manual of the American Association of Textile Chemists and
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Colorists, P. O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
the ASTM website. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2060 − 00 (2010)
4. Significance and Use tion resulting from existing unpublished methods requires an
intimate and thorough knowledge of zippers.
4.1 The significance of specific tests is discussed in the
appropriate sections.
5. Sampling
4.2 These test methods are considered satisfactory for ac-
5.1 LotSample—Asalotsampleforacceptancetesting,take
ceptance testing of commercial shipments because the test
at random the number of individual containers from each
methods have been used extensively in the trade for this
shipping carton as directed in an applicable material specifi-
purpose, and because current estimates of between-laboratory
cation or other agreement between the purchaser and the
precision are acceptable in most cases.
supplier. Consider individual containers from each shipping
4.2.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
carton to be the primary sampling units.
reported test results when using Test Methods D2060 for
acceptancetestingofcommercialshipments,thepurchaserand
NOTE 1—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if
purchaserandsupplierrequirestakingintoaccountthevariabilitybetween
there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent
shippingcartonsandbetweenzippersinacontainertoprovideasampling
plan with a meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable
statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of
quality level, and limiting quality level.
bias.Asaminimum,thetwopartiesshouldtakeagroupoftest
specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are
5.2 Laboratory Sample and Test Specimens—As a labora-
from a lot of material of the type in question. The test
tory sample for acceptance testing, take the number of zippers
specimensshouldthenberandomlyassignedinequalnumbers
specified in Section 7 at random from each container in the lot
toeachlaboratoryfortesting.Theaverageresultsfromthetwo
sample.Considerthezippersasboththelaboratorysampleand
laboratories should be compared using Student’s t-test for
the test specimens.
unpaireddataandanacceptableprobabilitylevelchosenbythe
twopartiesbeforethetestingisbegun.Ifabiasiffound,either
6. Test Specimen
its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the
6.1 The test specimen shall consist of a completely as-
suppliermustagreetointerpretfuturetestresultsinthelightof
sembled zipper or length of chain.
the known bias.
4.3 The test method(s) in these test methods, along with
7. Number of Specimens
those in Test Methods D2051, D2052, D2053, D2054, D2057,
7.1 All Properties Except Slider Mouth Width—Take a
D2058, D2059, D2061, and D2062, are a collection of proven
number of zippers per individual container from each shipping
test methods. They can be used as aids in the evaluation of
carton such that the user may expect at the 90% probability
zippers without the need for a thorough knowledge of zippers.
level that the test result for an individual container is no more
Theenumeratedtestmethodsdonotprovidefortheevaluation
than the amounts shown in Table 1, above or below the true
of all zipper properties. Besides those properties measured by
average for the individual container. Determine the number of
means of the enumerated test methods there are other proper-
zippers per individual container as follows:
ties that may be important for the satisfactory performance of
a zipper.Test methods for measuring those properties have not 7.1.1 Reliable Estimate of s or v—When there is a reliable
been published either because no practical methods have yet estimateofsorvbaseduponextensivepastrecordsforsimilar
been developed or because a valid evaluation of the informa- materialstestedintheuser’slaboratoryasdirectedinthesetest
TABLE 1 Specimens Required Under Conditions of Known and Unknown Variability in User’s Laboratory Units as Indicated
No Reliable Estimate of s
Allowable Var- Equation for n Using
or v
Property iation (Two- a Reliable Estimate
Number of
A
Sided) of s or v
Basis
Specimens
Length, assembled zipper, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 × v 1 0.70
Length, chain, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 × v 1 0.39
Length, top tape end, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 × v 1 4.56
Length, bottom tape end, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 × v 3 9.09
Length, opening, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 × v 1 0.87
Effective tape width, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 × v 1 2.34
Full tape width, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 × v 1 2.51
Chain thickness, % of the average 10.0 n = 0.027 × v 1 0.64
Chain straightness, ⁄32-in. increments 1.0 n =2.71× s 1 0.59
Wet dimensional change, home laundry, 0.200 n = 67.6 × s 17 0.49
percentage points
Wet dimensional change, launder-ometer, 0.200 n = 67.6 × s 12 0.41
percentage points
Dimensional change in dry heat, 0.200 n = 67.6 × s 10 0.38
percentage points
A
The values of s or v in Table 1 are somewhat larger than will usually be found in practice (see 7.1.2).
D2060 − 00 (2010)
methods, calculate n using the equations in Table 1 which are 11. Apparatus
based on (Eq 1)or(Eq 2) as noted in Test Method D2905,
11.1 Scale, graduated in 0.5 mm or ⁄64 in.
Section 5:
12. Procedure
2 2
t 3s
n 5 (1)
12.1 Length of Completely Assembled Zipper—Place the
E
closed zipper flat on a horizontal working surface without
2 2
t 3v
n 5 (2)
tension, aligning the chain over a straight reference line on the
A
working surface. Make marks on the working surface corre-
where:
sponding to the zipper extremities. Remove the zipper and,
using the scale, measure the distance between the marks to the
n = number of specimens (rounded upward to a whole
number), nearest 1.0 mm or ⁄32 in.
s = reliable estimate of the standard deviation of individual
NOTE 2—For the bottom end, the zipper extremities are the bottom of
observationsintheuser’slaboratoryunderconditionsof
the bottom stop or interlocking element for a nonseparable zipper. The
single-operator precision,
bottomendofaseparablezipperisthelowermosttapeorreinforcingtape
v = reliable estimate of the coefficient of variation of indi- but not the overhang of the fixed retainer. For the top end, the zipper
extremitiesarethetopofthetopstop,ortopofthelastelement,whichever
vidual observations in the user’s laboratory under con-
is the extreme for both nonseparable and separable zippers.
ditions of single-operator precision,
t = 1.645, the value of Student’s t for infinite degrees of 12.2 Length of Chain—Place the closed chain, without
tension,flatonahorizontalworkingsurface,aligningthechain
freedom, for two-sided limits, and a 90% probability
level (t =2.706), E and A=values of the allowable over a straight reference line on the working surface. Place the
2 2 2 2
scale on one stringer flush alongside the outer edge of the
variations listed in Table 1, and t /E and t /A =the
basis for calculation of the constants in the equations in interlockableelementsortheouteredgeofthebeadifthebead
extends beyond the elements. Measure the distance between
Table 1.
the extreme ends of the chain to the nearest 1 mm or ⁄32 in.
7.1.2 No Reliable Estimate of s or v— When there is no
12.3 Length of Tape End—Place the closed zipper, without
reliable estimate of s or v for the user’s laboratory, (Eq 1)or
tension,flatonahorizontalworkingsurface,aligningthechain
(Eq 2) should not be used directly. Instead, specify the number
over a straight reference line on the working surface. Place the
of specimens shown in Table 1. This number of specimens is
calculated using values of s or v, which are listed in Table 1, end of the scale against the outermost surface of the outermost
stationarycomponent.Measuretothenearest1.0mmor ⁄32in.
and that are somewhat larger values of s or v than are usually
found in practice. When a reliable estimate of s or v for thetapeendlengthalongthecordtotheoutermostpointofthe
pinked or straight-cut edge. In a case where the lengths of the
dimensional change or length of bottom end in the user’s
laboratory becomes available, the equations in Table 1, which tape ends on the two stringers are different, measure the length
of the shorter tape end. This test method is not applicable to
are based on (Eq 1) and (Eq 2), will usually specify fewer
specimens than are listed in Table 1 for the condition when tape ends that are cut or pinked on a diagonal in excess of 5°
in either direction.
there is no reliable estimate of s or v.
7.2 Slider Mouth Width—Unless otherwise agreed upon, as 12.4 Effective Length of Opening, Completely Assembled
Zipper—Place the closed zipper, without tension, flat on a
whenspecifiedinanapplicablematerialspecification,takeone
horizontal working surface, aligning the chain over a straight
specimen per lot.
reference line on the working surface. With a sharp-pointed
8. Conditioning
pencil, make a reference mark even with the top of the slider.
Movetheslidertotheextremeopenpositionandmakeanother
8.1 FortestsmadeasdirectedinSections12,18,37,41,and
reference mark even with the top of the slider. Measure the
49, bring the specimens to moisture equilibrium for testing in
distance between the marks to the nearest 1.0 mm or ⁄32 in.
the standard atmosphere for testing textiles as directed in
This test method is not applicable to separable zippers.
Practice D1776. Preconditioning is not required.
8.2 For tests made as directed in Sections 25 and 31,
13. Report
specimens need not be preconditioned nor conditioned.
13.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed in
Sections9-14ofTestMethodsD2060.Describethematerialor
LENGTH OF ZIPPER OR PARTS
product sampled and the method of sampling used.
9. Summary of Test Method
13.2 Report the following information:
9.1 The chain or zipper is placed on a flat surface and, with
13.2.1 The specific property (or properties) measured,
the aid of a suitable scale, the length of the zipper or desired
13.2.2 Number and description, of specimens tested, and
zipper part is determined.
13.2.3 Measured length of each specimen.
10. Significance and Use 14. Precision and Bias
10.1 These measurements are useful in determining confor- 14.1 Precision—See Section 53.
mance with a purchasing specification and suitability for end 14.1.1 Precisionofthetestmethodisrelatedtothecarewith
use products using zippers. which the operator reads the 1.0-mm ( ⁄32-in.) increments on
D2060 − 00 (2010)
the scale. The test method, though employing measurement of SLIDER MOUTH WIDTH
avariable,isreallydescriptiveratherthanquantitative.Thetest
21. Summary of Test M
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