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ASTM C886-98

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Scleroscope Hardness Testing of Carbon and Graphite Materials

Standard Test Method for Scleroscope Hardness Testing of Carbon and Graphite Materials

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the apparatus and procedures for determining the hardness of fine-grained carbon and graphite materials using the Model C-2 scleroscope  with the hammer calibrated for use on fine-grained (particles smaller than 0.8 mm (0.032 in.)) carbon and graphite materials.  
1.2 The values given in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Mar-1998
ICS
71.100.99 - Other products of the chemical industry
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.F0 - Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM C886-98(2005) - Standard Test Method for Scleroscope Hardness Testing of Carbon and Graphite Materials
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7775-21 - Standard Guide for Measurements on Small Graphite Specimens
Effective Date
10-Mar-1998

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ASTM C886-98 - Standard Test Method for Scleroscope Hardness Testing of Carbon and Graphite MaterialsASTM C886-98 - Standard Test Method for Scleroscope Hardness Testing of Carbon and Graphite Materials
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ASTM C886-98 - Standard Test Method for Scleroscope Hardness Testing of Carbon and Graphite Materials
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:C 886–98
Standard Test Method for
Scleroscope Hardness Testing of Carbon and Graphite
Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 886; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the apparatus and procedure for 4.1 Thescleroscopeisareboundhardnesstesterwithascale
determining the hardness of carbon and graphite materials dividedinto140equalparts.Forcarbonandgraphitematerials,
using the Model C-2 scleroscope with the hammer calibrated there is no established correlation between the Scleroscope
for use on carbon and graphite materials with particles smaller hardness scale and other hardness scales. The test is useful in
than 0.8 mm (0.032 in.). the evaluation and the manufacturing control of carbon and
1.2 The values given in acceptable metric units are to be graphite materials.
regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are
5. Interferences
provided for information purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 5.1 Lack of alignment of the instrument as specified in
Section 10, will cause low readings.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 5.2 The specimen must be held firmly in position and must
have adequate support from the anvil on which the sample
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. rests. Neglect of alignment, positioning, or support will result
in low readings.
2. Referenced Documents
5.3 Rough surface finish, above 3175-nm (125-µin.) AA,
2.1 ASTM Standards: may cause low readings.
E 171 Specification for Standard Atmospheres for Condi- 5.4 Indentationsthataresuperimposedorspacedtooclosely
tioning and Testing Materials together (approximately 3 mm ( ⁄8 in.)) will cause incorrect
E 448 PracticeforScleroscopeHardnessTestingofMetallic readings.
Materials
6. Apparatus
2.2 ANSI Standard:
6.1 Table, or equivalent, firm, for support.
ANSI C 64.1 Brushes for Electrical Machines
6.2 Scleroscope, Model C-2, equipped with a hammer
3. Summary of Test Method
calibrated by the manufacturer for use on carbon and graphite
3.1 The specimen is held in position, and the height of materials.
reboundofadiamond-tippedhammerisobservedandrecorded
7. Test Specimen
as the hardness number.
7.1 The specimen may be of any convenient size, but test
surfaces smaller than 5 by 5 mm (0.2 by 0.2 in.) are not
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
recommended.
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
7.2 The recommended specimen shall have a minimum
D02.F on Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products.
thickness of 5 mm (0.2 in.).
Current edition approved March 10, 1998. Published December 1998. Originally
e1
published as C 886 – 88. Last previous edition C 886 – 88 (1993) .
7.3 The test surface shall not exceed 3175-nm (125-µin.)
Registered trademark of the Shore Instrument and Manufacturing Co., Inc.,
AA in surface finish.
80-A Commercial St., Freeport, NY 11520.
3 7.4 The test surface-to-opposite side parallelism shall be
This test method may be more readily understood by referring to the following
documents:PracticeE 448,ANSIC 64.1,BrushesforElectricalMachines,available within 1 % (0.010 % per linear inch). For all specimens, the
fromAmerican National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, NewYork, NY10017,
test surfaces must be maintained normal to the axis of the
andLysaghtandDeBellis,IndentationHardnessTesting,AmericanChainandCable
scleroscope tube.
Corp., Reinhold Publishing Co., 1969.
Annual Book
...

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This test method details the standard procedures for determining the flexural strength of manufactured carbon and graphite articles using a simple beam in four-point loading at room temperature. The four-point loading fixture shall consist of spherical bearing blocks of hardened steel or its equivalent to ensure that forces applied to the beam are normal only and without eccentricity, and distortion of the loading member is prevented. Judicious use of linkages, rocker bearings, and flexure plates may maintain the parallel direction of loads and reactions. The test specimens shall be prepared to yield a parallelepiped with cross sections that are rectangular, faces that are parallel and flat, and edges that are free from visible flaws and chips.
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4.1 This test method may be used for material development, quality control, characterization, and design data generation purposes.  
4.2 This test method determines the maximum loading on a graphite specimen with simple beam geometry in 4-point bending, and it provides a means for the calculation of flexural strength at ambient temperature and environmental conditions.
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Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles Using Three-Point Loading at Room Temperature

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4.1 This test method provides a framework for material development, quality control, characterization, and design data generation purposes. The user needs to assess the applicability of the method on the specific material and for the intended use, as shown by the interlaboratory study.  
4.2 This test method determines the maximum loading on a graphite specimen with simple beam geometry in three–point bending, and it provides a means for the calculation of flexural strength at ambient temperature and environmental conditions.  
4.3 The flexure stress is computed based on simple beam theory with assumptions that the material is isotropic and homogeneous, the moduli of elasticity in tension and compression are identical, and the material is linearly elastic. For materials with large grains, the minimum specimen dimension should be significantly larger than the maximum grain size (see Guide D7775).  
4.4 Flexural strength of a group of test specimens is influenced by several parameters associated with the test procedure. Such factors include the loading rate, test environment, specimen size, specimen preparation, and test fixtures. Specimen sizes and fixtures should be chosen to reduce errors due to material variability or testing parameters, such as friction and non-parallelism of specimen surfaces.  
4.5 The flexural strength of a manufactured graphite or carbon material is dependent on both its inherent resistance to fracture and the size and severity of flaws. Variations in these cause a natural scatter in test results for a sample of test specimens. Fractographic analysis of fracture surfaces, although beyond the scope of this standard, is highly recommended for all purposes, especially if the data will be used for design as discussed in Practices C1239 and C1322.  
4.6 The three-point test configuration exposes only a very small portion of the specimen to the maximum stress. Therefore, three-point flexural strengths are likely to be much greater than four-po...
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C559-16(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measurements of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Bulk density as determined by this test method is a basic material property of importance in manufacturing and application of carbon and graphite.  
4.2 This test method can be used for quality and process control, material characterization and description, and other purposes.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bulk density of manufactured articles of carbon and graphite of at least 500 mm3 volume. The bulk density is calculated to an accuracy of 0.25 %, using measurements of mass and dimensions in air at 25 °C ± 5 °C.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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