ASTM D287-12b(2019)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
Standard Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Accurate determination of the gravity of petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperature of 60 °F (15.56 °C).
5.2 This procedure is most suitable for determining the API gravity of low viscosity transparent liquids. This test method can also be used for viscous liquids by allowing sufficient time for the hydrometer to reach temperature equilibrium, and for opaque liquids by employing a suitable meniscus correction. Additionally for both transparent and opaque fluids the readings shall be corrected for the thermal glass expansion effect before correcting to the reference temperature.
5.3 When used in connection with bulk oil measurements, volume correction errors are minimized by observing the hydrometer reading at a temperature as close to reference temperature as feasible.
5.4 Gravity is a factor governing the quality of crude oils. However, the gravity of a petroleum product is an uncertain indication of its quality. Correlated with other properties, gravity can be used to give approximate hydrocarbon composition and heat of combustion.
5.5 Gravity is an important quality indicator for automotive, aviation and marine fuels, where it affects storage, handling and combustion.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination by means of a glass hydrometer in conjunction with a series of calculations of the API gravity of crude petroleum and petroleum products normally handled as liquids and having a Reid vapor pressure (Test Method D323) of 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) or less. Gravities are determined at 60 °F (15.56 °C), or converted to values at 60 °F, by means of Adjunct to D1250 Guide for Petroleum Measurement Tables (API MPMS Chapter 11.1). These tables are not applicable to nonhydrocarbons or essentially pure hydrocarbons such as the aromatics.
1.2 The initial values obtained are uncorrected hydrometer readings and not density measurements. Values are measured on a hydrometer at either the reference temperature or at another convenient temperature, and readings corrected for the meniscus effect, the thermal glass expansion effect, alternate calibration temperature effects and to the reference temperature by means of volume correction tables.
1.3 The hydrometer readings determined shall be recorded before performing any calculations. Then the calculations required in Section 9 shall be performed and documented before using the final result in a subsequent calculation procedure (measurement ticket calculation, meter factor calculation, or base prover volume determination).
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statement, see 8.3.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Designation: D287 − 12b (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products
1
(Hydrometer Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D287; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
For specific warning statement, see 8.3.
1.1 This test method covers the determination by means of
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
a glass hydrometer in conjunction with a series of calculations
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
of theAPI gravity of crude petroleum and petroleum products
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
normally handled as liquids and having a Reid vapor pressure
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
(Test Method D323) of 101.325kPa (14.696psi) or less.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Gravities are determined at 60°F (15.56°C), or converted to
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
values at 60°F, by means of Adjunct to D1250 Guide for
Petroleum Measurement Tables (API MPMS Chapter 11.1).
2. Referenced Documents
These tables are not applicable to nonhydrocarbons or essen-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tially pure hydrocarbons such as the aromatics.
D323TestMethodforVaporPressureofPetroleumProducts
1.2 The initial values obtained are uncorrected hydrometer
(Reid Method)
readings and not density measurements. Values are measured
D1250Guide for the Use of the Joint API and ASTM
on a hydrometer at either the reference temperature or at
Adjunct for Temperature and Pressure Volume Correction
another convenient temperature, and readings corrected for the
FactorsforGeneralizedCrudeOils,RefinedProducts,and
meniscus effect, the thermal glass expansion effect, alternate
Lubricating Oils: API MPMS Chapter 11.1
calibrationtemperatureeffectsandtothereferencetemperature
D1298Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
by means of volume correction tables.
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
1.3 The hydrometer readings determined shall be recorded
ucts by Hydrometer Method
before performing any calculations. Then the calculations
D6822Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
required in Section 9 shall be performed and documented
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
before using the final result in a subsequent calculation
ucts by Thermohydrometer Method
procedure (measurement ticket calculation, meter factor
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
calculation, or base prover volume determination).
E100Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
3
2.2 EI Standards:
1.4 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
Specifications for IP Standard Thermometers
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
IP Specifications for Petroleum Hydrometers
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
4
and are not considered standard. 2.3 API Standards:
MPMS Chapter 9.1Test Method for Density, Relative
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method (ASTM Test
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Method D1298)
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and the API Committee on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Petroleum Measurement, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02 Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
/COMQ, the joint ASTM-API Committee on Hydrocarbon Measurement for the ASTM website.
3
Custody Transfer (Joint ASTM-API). Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published December 2019. Originally U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.
4
approved in 1928. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D287–12b. DOI: Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,
10.1520/D0287-12BR19. Washington, DC 20005-4070, http://www.api.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United Stat
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D287 − 12b D287 − 12b (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products
1
(Hydrometer Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D287; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination by means of a glass hydrometer in conjunction with a series of calculations of
the API gravity of crude petroleum and petroleum products normally handled as liquids and having a Reid vapor pressure (Test
Method D323) of 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) or less. Gravities are determined at 60°F (15.56°C),60 °F
(15.56 °C), or converted to values at 60°F,60 °F, by means of Adjunct to D1250 Guide for Petroleum Measurement Tables (API
MPMS Chapter 11.1). These tables are not applicable to nonhydrocarbons or essentially pure hydrocarbons such as the aromatics.
1.2 The initial values obtained are uncorrected hydrometer readings and not density measurements. Values are measured on a
hydrometer at either the reference temperature or at another convenient temperature, and readings corrected for the meniscus effect,
the thermal glass expansion effect, alternate calibration temperature effects and to the reference temperature by means of volume
correction tables.
1.3 The hydrometer readings determined shall be recorded before performing any calculations. Then the calculations required
in Section 9 shall be performed and documented before using the final result in a subsequent calculation procedure (measurement
ticket calculation, meter factor calculation, or base prover volume determination).
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statement, see 8.3.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)
D1250 Guide for the Use of the Joint API and ASTM Adjunct for Temperature and Pressure Volume Correction Factors for
Generalized Crude Oils, Refined Products, and Lubricating Oils: API MPMS Chapter 11.1
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by
Hydrometer Method
D6822 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by
Thermohydrometer Method
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E100 Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and the API Committee on Petroleum
Measurement, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02 /COMQ, the joint ASTM-API Committee on Hydrocarbon Measurement for Custody Transfer (Joint
ASTM-API).
Current edition approved June 1, 2012Dec. 1, 2019. Published October 2012December 2019. Originally approved in 1928. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as
D287–12a.–12b. DOI: 10.1520/D0287-12B.10.1520/D0287-12BR19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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