ASTM D5226-21
(Practice)Standard Practice for Dissolving Polymer Materials
General Information
- Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice embodies the specifications to describe the preparation of a polymeric solution.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice outlines the parameters applicable to the preparation of a polymeric solution, such as solvent, concentration, temperature, pressure, time, agitation, and heating mode.
1.2 The proper use of this practice requires knowledge of solvents and their effect on polymeric materials.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 14-Jan-2021
- Technical Committee
- D20 - Plastics
- Drafting Committee
- D20.70 - Analytical Methods
Overview
ASTM D5226-21 is an internationally recognized ASTM standard practice that specifies procedures for dissolving polymer materials to prepare polymeric solutions. This standard applies detailed guidance on parameters such as solvent selection, polymer concentration, solution temperature, pressure, dissolution time, agitation method, and heating mode. Developed under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics, ASTM D5226 is essential for laboratories, researchers, and industries working with polymer solutions.
This practice is foundational for polymer solution preparation, ensuring consistency, reproducibility, and effective dissolution across various types of polymeric materials. While there is currently no ISO equivalent, ASTM D5226-21 represents a widely accepted practice for standardizing polymer solution preparation methods.
Key Topics
ASTM D5226-21 covers the following critical aspects of dissolving polymer materials:
- Parameter Selection: Guidelines for selecting solvents, determining polymer concentration, setting suitable temperatures and pressures, as well as specifying container types and modes of heating and agitation.
- Documentation: Standardized nomenclature for describing polymer solutions, including abbreviations for polymers and solvents.
- Solution Preparation:
- Identifies common polymers and recommended solvents (referenced in annexes of the standard).
- Outlines a structured method for reporting the composition and preparation method.
- Safety and Responsibility: Emphasizes user responsibility for adhering to safety, health, and environmental regulations, as well as the appropriate handling of solvents and disposal methods.
- No Precision or Bias Statement: As a descriptive practice, ASTM D5226-21 does not include precision or bias statistics but provides reliable procedures for solution preparation.
Applications
This standard has broad practical value in both research and industrial settings:
- Analytical Testing: Used extensively in laboratories for preparing polymer solutions for analytical and quality control tests, such as spectroscopy or chromatography.
- Polymer Research and Development: Supports scientists in developing new polymer materials, allowing for reproducible dissolution and solution characterizations.
- Industrial Manufacturing: Ensures consistent solution preparation for polymer processing, coatings, adhesives, and composite fabrication.
- Regulatory Compliance: Provides a documented, standardized method suitable for supporting regulatory submissions and quality management systems.
Employing ASTM D5226-21 enables organizations to achieve consistent and reliable dissolution of polymers, which is critical for accurate testing, material synthesis, and product development involving polymeric solutions.
Related Standards
Those working with polymer materials may also reference related ASTM standards, including:
- ASTM D883: Terminology Relating to Plastics - Defines key terms related to plastics, facilitating consistent communication.
- ASTM D1600: Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics - Provides standardized abbreviations for polymer-related materials.
- Polymer Handbook: An essential reference for solvent and solubility data, supporting selection of solvents for specific polymers.
Conclusion
ASTM D5226-21 is a critical standard for the preparation of polymeric solutions, guiding solvent selection, solution parameters, and process documentation. Its use ensures consistency, safety, and reproducibility across research and industrial applications. Proper adherence to this standard practice is fundamental for anyone involved in polymer dissolution, solution testing, or polymer-based product development.
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Feb-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2023
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2020
- Effective Date
- 01-Aug-2019
- Effective Date
- 15-Apr-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Feb-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2018
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2018
- Refers
ASTM D1600-18 - Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics (Withdrawn 2024) - Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2018
- Effective Date
- 15-Aug-2017
- Effective Date
- 01-Feb-2014
- Effective Date
- 15-Apr-2013
- Effective Date
- 15-Nov-2012
- Effective Date
- 15-May-2011
- Effective Date
- 01-Mar-2008
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D5226-21 is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Practice for Dissolving Polymer Materials". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 This practice embodies the specifications to describe the preparation of a polymeric solution. SCOPE 1.1 This practice outlines the parameters applicable to the preparation of a polymeric solution, such as solvent, concentration, temperature, pressure, time, agitation, and heating mode. 1.2 The proper use of this practice requires knowledge of solvents and their effect on polymeric materials. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 This practice embodies the specifications to describe the preparation of a polymeric solution. SCOPE 1.1 This practice outlines the parameters applicable to the preparation of a polymeric solution, such as solvent, concentration, temperature, pressure, time, agitation, and heating mode. 1.2 The proper use of this practice requires knowledge of solvents and their effect on polymeric materials. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D5226-21 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 83.080.01 - Plastics in general. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D5226-21 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D883-24, ASTM D883-23, ASTM D883-20, ASTM D883-19c, ASTM D883-19a, ASTM D883-19, ASTM D883-18a, ASTM D883-18, ASTM D1600-18, ASTM D883-17, ASTM D1600-14, ASTM D1600-13, ASTM D883-12e1, ASTM D883-11, ASTM D883-08. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM D5226-21 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5226 − 21
Standard Practice for
Dissolving Polymer Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5226; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 4. Summary of Practice
1.1 This practice outlines the parameters applicable to the 4.1 A polymer solution is described or prepared using the
preparation of a polymeric solution, such as solvent, cell classifications listing the parameters relative to solvate the
concentration, temperature, pressure, time, agitation, and heat- polymer. The cell classifications are listed in the following
ing mode. order: polymer, solvent, concentration, temperature, time,
container, heating mode, and agitation.
1.2 The proper use of this practice requires knowledge of
4.1.1 Apolymer and a list of suggested solvents for making
solvents and their effect on polymeric materials.
a solution are listed in Annex A1.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1.2 Table 1 designates the parameters for container, heat-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ing mode, and type of agitation.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
NOTE 2—To illustrate the use of the cell classifications with Table 1,a
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
2 % solution of poly(vinyl chloride) using cyclohexanone would be
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
written as:
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
PVC 2 cyclohexanone 2 20 2 66 2 40 2 BEC
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
where:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
PVC = abbreviation of the polymer from Annex A1,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
cyclohexanone = the solvent from Annex A1,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
20 = weight of polymer in tenths of a percent,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
66 = temperature in degrees Celsius,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 40 = time in tenths of an hour,
B = glass container from Table 1,
2. Referenced Documents
E = bath heater from Table 1, and
2 C = random agitation from Table 1.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
5. Significance and Use
D1600 Terminology forAbbreviatedTerms Relating to Plas-
5.1 This practice embodies the specifications to describe the
tics
2.2 Other Document: preparation of a polymeric solution.
Polymer Handbook
6. Procedure
3. Terminology
6.1 Polymer—SelecttheapplicablepolymerfromAnnexA1
3.1 For definitions of terms that appear in this practice
and write its abbreviation.
relating to plastics, refer to Terminology D883.
6.2 Solvent—Select the solvent applicable to the polymer
3.2 Abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology
from Annex A1.
D1600.
6.3 Concentration—Write the polymer gram weight in
tenths of a percent per milliliter of solvent.
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and
6.4 Temperature—Write the solution temperature in degrees
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70 on Analytical Methods.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2021. Published January 2021. Originally
Celsius.
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D5226 - 16. DOI:
6.5 Time—Write the time for solution in tenths of an hour.
10.1520/D5226-21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.6 Container—Select the type of container from Table 1.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
6.7 Heating Mode—Select the heating mode from Table 1.
the ASTM website.
Available from John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY. 6.8 Agitation—Select the agitation mode from Table 1.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5226 − 21
TABLE 1 Parameters
7. Precision and Bias
Designation Container Heater Mode Agitation Mode
7.1 No statement is made about the precision or bias of this
A unspecified unspecified unspecified
practice since the procedure is descriptive with no measure-
B glass none none
C sealed glass vial oven random
ments being made.
D metal hot plate magnetic stirrer
E fluoropolymer bath propeller blade
F block heater wrist action 8. Keywords
G electric mantle ultrasonic
8.1 polymer solutions; solution preparation; solutions; sol-
H microwave
vents
ANNEX
(Mandatory Information)
A1. SUGGESTED SOLVENTS FOR POLYMERIC SOLUTIONS
A1.1 Note the following: A1.1.4 Solubility normally increases with rising tempera-
ture.
A1.1.1 The solvents in Table A1.1 are listed in random
A1.1.5 The temperature is for room temperature unless
order.
noted.
A1.1.2 An increase in polymer molecular weight reduces
A1.1.6 The following abbreviations are used in TableA1.1:
solubility.
D.S. = degree of substitution,
A1.1.3 Branching increases the solubility compared to a S.C. = substituent content,
linear polymer of the same molecular weight. conc. = concentrated.
TABLE A1.1 Solvents
Abbreviation Polymer Solvents
ABA Acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, tetrahydrofuran,
esters, ketones, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethyl-acetamide (if
high acrylonitrile)
ABS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide (if high acrylonitrile),
cyclohexanone (above 35°C), cyclohexanone/acetone,
methylcyclohexane/acetone, decahydronaphthalene/dimethyl oxalate,
benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, styrene, lower chlorinated
hydrocarbons, phenol/acetone, tetrahydrofuran,
dimethyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, methyl ethyl ketone, diisopropyl
ketone, glycol formal, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl-, ethyl-,
n-butyl phthalate, 1-nitropropane, carbon disulfide, tributyl phosphate,
phosphorus trichloride
Alkydes tetrahydrofuran
AMMA Acrylonitrile/metha methacrylate benzene, toluene, xylene, methylene chloride, chloroform, ethylene
chloride, chlorobenzene, isobutanol (hot), cyclohexanol (hot),
B-ethoxyethanol, dioxane, methyl ethyl ketone, diisopropyl ketone,
cyclohexanone, acetic acid, isobutyric acid, methyl formate, ethyl
acetate, cyclohexyl acetate, isobutyl propionate, butyl lactate
ADC Allyl diglycol carbonate benzene, chloroform, acetone
CMC Carboxylmethyl cellulose S.C. = 5 to 10 % —alkali
S.C. = 15 to 30 % —water (sodium salt)
S.C. = high—benzene/alcohol, benzene/acetone, chloroform, pyridine,
acetone, esters, tetrahydrofuran
CA Cellulose acetate D.S. = 0.6 to 0.8—water
D.S. = 1.3 to 1.7—2-methoxyethanol
D.S. = 2.0 to 2.3—methylene chloride/methanol at 80:20, chloroform/
methanol, benzyl alcohol, phenols, ethylene glycol ethers, dioxane,
diethanolamine, pyridine, aniline, acetone, cyclohexanone, formic acid,
glacial acetic acid, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate/nitrobenzene, glycol
monoethyl ether acetate, nitromethane, tetrahydrofuran
CAB Cellulose acetate-butyrate D.S. (acetate) = 0.8 and D.S. (butyrate) = 2.35—
benzene, toluene (hot), chloroform, carbon tetrachloride,
tetrachloroethane, methanol (hot), acetone, cyclohexanone, dioxane,
aliphatic esters, nitroethane
CAB Cellulose acetate-butyrate D.S. (acetate) = 2.1 and D.S. (butyrate) = 0.7—
chloroform, dichloroethane, tetrachloroethane, dioxane, acetone,
cyclohexanone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, nitroethane
CAP Cellulose acetate propionate benzene, dichloromethane, chlorobenzene, acetone, ethyl acetate
D5226 − 21
TABLE A1.1 Continued
Abbreviation Polymer Solvents
CN Cellulose nitrate N = 6.8 % —water
N = 10.5 to 12 % —alcohol (lower), alcohol/diethyl ether, acetone,
amyl acetate, ethylene glycol ethers, acetic acid (glacial)
N = 12.7 % —halogenated hydrocarbons, ethanol/diethyl ether,
acetone, methyl amyl acetone, cyclohexanone, methyl acetate, ethyl
acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl lactate, ethylene glycol ether acetates,
ethylene carbonate, furan derivatives, nitrobenzene
CP Cellulose propionate benzene, dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, acetone, ethyl acetate
CTA Cellulose triacetate methylene chloride, methylene chloride/ethanol at 80:20, chloroform,
chloroform/alcohol, trichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, acetone,
acetone/water at 80:20, methyl acetate, ethylene glycol ether
acetates, ethylene carbonate
EPDM Diene-modified ethylene-propylene 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, toluene at 75°C, 1,2,4-trichloro-benzene at
135°C
EP Epoxy, epoxide tetrahydrofuran
EC Ethyl cellulose D.S. = 0.5 to 0.7—aqueous alkali
D.S. = 1.0 to 1.5—pyridine, formic acid, water (cold), cuoxam
D.S. = 2—methylene chloride, chloroform, dichloroethylene,
chlorohydrins, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran
D.S. = 2.3—benzene, toluene, alkyl halogenoids, alcohols, furan
derivatives, ketones, acetic esters, carbon disulfide, nitromethane
D.S. = 3.0—benzene, toluene, methylene chloride, alcohols, esters
EEA Ethylene/ethyl acrylate aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, tetrahydrofuran,
esters, ketones
EMA Ethylene/methacrylic acid water, aqueous hydrogen chloride (0.002M above 30°C), dilute
aqueous sodium hydroxide
ETFE Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer perfluorokerosene (350°C)
EVA Ethylene/vinyl acetate benzene, toluene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride/ethanol,
dichloroethylene/ethanol at 20:80, chlorobenzene, methanol, ethanol/
water, n-butanol/water, allyl alcohol, 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanol, benzyl
alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, tetrahydrofuran,
dimethyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, glycol ethers, glycol ether esters,
acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetic acid, lower aliphatic acids, vinyl
acetate, acetals, acetonitrile, nitromethane, N,N-dimethylformamide,
dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene at 135°C (if high ethylene
content)
LCP Liquid crystal polymer 50:50 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene/phenol at 175°C, pentafluorophenol
MF Melamine formaldehyde Very low molecular weight—alcohol, water
Intermediates—pyridine, formalin, formic acids, dilute and
concentrated acids
High molecular weight—m-cresol at 100°C, N,N-dimethylformamide,
N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl pyrrolidone at 85 to 100°C
PF Phenol-formaldehyde Novalks and low molecular weight—hydrocarbons, diethyl ether,
acetone, esters, 4-tert-butylphenol and 4-phenylphenol polymers,
drying oils, tetrahydrofuran, methanol
Final resins—molten phenols (with some decomposition)
PAA Poly(acrylic acid) Atactic—methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, methyoxyethanol,
dioxane, formamide, N,N-dimethyl-formamide, water, dilute alkali
solution
Isotactic—dioxane/water at 80:20
PAN Polyacrylonitrile Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)—o-, m-, p-phenylene diamine,
N-formylhexamethyleneimine, N-nitrosopiperidine, maleic anhydride,
chloromaleic anhydride, succinic anhydride, acetic anhydride,
citraconic anhydride, g-butyrolactone, dioxanone, p-dioxanedione,
ethylene oxalate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate,
2-oxazolidone, 1-methyl-2-pyridone, 1,5-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidone,
E-caprolactam, N,N-dimethyl-formamide, dimethylthioformamide,
N-methyl-B-cyanoethylformamide, cyanoaceticacid, a-cyano-
acetamide, N-methylacetamide, N,N-diethylacetamide, N,N-
dimethylacetamide, dimethylmethoxyacetamide, N,N-dimethyl-a,a,a-
trifluoroacetamide, N,N-dimethylpropionate, N,N,N’,N’-
tetramethyloxamide, hydroxyacetonitrile, chloro-acetonitrile/water,
B-hydroxypropionitrile, malonitrile, fumaronitrile, succinonitrile,
adiponitrile, bis(2-cyanoethyl)ether, bis
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5226 − 16 D5226 − 21
Standard Practice for
Dissolving Polymer Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5226; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice outlines the parameters applicable to the preparation of a polymeric solution, such as solvent, concentration,
temperature, pressure, time, agitation, and heating mode.
1.2 The proper use of this practice requires knowledge of solvents and their effect on polymeric materials.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of
the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
2.2 Other Document:
Polymer Handbook
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions are in accordance with For definitions of terms that appear in this practice relating to plastics, refer to Terminology
D883.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70 on Analytical Methods.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016Jan. 15, 2021. Published September 2016January 2021. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20102016
ɛ1
as D5226 - 98D5226 - 16.(2010) . DOI: 10.1520/D5226-16.10.1520/D5226-21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5226 − 21
3.2 Abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology D1600.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 A polymer solution is described or prepared using the cell classifications listing the parameters relative to solvate the polymer.
The cell classifications are listed in the following order: polymer, solvent, concentration, temperature, time, container, heating
mode, and agitation.
4.1.1 A polymer and a list of suggested solvents for making a solution are listed in Annex A1.
4.1.2 Table 1 designates the parameters for container, heating mode, and type of agitation.
NOTE 2—To illustrate the use of the cell classifications with Table 1, a 2 % solution of poly(vinyl chloride) using cyclohexanone would be written as:
PVC 2 cyclohexanone 2 20 2 66 2 40 2 BEC
where:
PVC = abbreviation of the polymer from Annex A1,
cyclohexanone = the solvent from Annex A1,
20 = weight of polymer in tenths of a percent,
66 = temperature in degrees Celsius,
40 = time in tenths of an hour,
B = glass container from Table 1,
E = bath heater from Table 1, and
C = random agitation from Table 1.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This practice embodies the specifications to describe the preparation of a polymeric solution.
6. Procedure
6.1 Polymer—Select the applicable polymer from Annex A1 and write its abbreviation.
6.2 Solvent—Select the solvent applicable to the polymer from Annex A1.
6.3 Concentration—Write the polymer gram weight in tenths of a percent per milliliter of solvent.
6.4 Temperature—Write the solution temperature in degrees Celsius.
6.5 Time—Write the time for solution in tenths of an hour.
6.6 Container—Select the type of container from Table 1.
6.7 Heating Mode—Select the heating mode from Table 1.
TABLE 1 Parameters
Designation Container Heater Mode Agitation Mode
A unspecified unspecified unspecified
B glass none none
C sealed glass vial oven random
D metal hot plate magnetic stirrer
E fluoropolymer bath propeller blade
F block heater wrist action
G electric mantle ultrasonic
H microwave
D5226 − 21
6.8 Agitation—Select the agitation mode from Table 1.
7. Precision and Bias
7.1 No statement is made about the precision or bias of this practice since the procedure is descriptive with no measurements being
made.
8. Keywords
8.1 polymer solutions; solution preparation; solutions; solvents
ANNEX
(Mandatory Information)
A1. SUGGESTED SOLVENTS FOR POLYMERIC SOLUTIONS
A1.1 Note the following:
A1.1.1 The solvents in Table A1.1 are listed in random order.
A1.1.2 An increase in polymer molecular weight reduces solubility.
A1.1.3 Branching increases the solubility compared to a linear polymer of the same molecular weight.
A1.1.4 Solubility normally increases with rising temperature.
A1.1.5 The temperature is for room temperature unless noted.
A1.1.6 The following abbreviations are used in Table A1.1:
D.S. = degree of substitution,
S.C. = substituent content,
conc. = concentrated.
TABLE A1.1 Solvents
Abbreviation Polymer Solvents
ABA Acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, tetrahydrofuran,
esters, ketones, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethyl-acetamide (if
high acrylonitrile)
ABS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide (if high acrylonitrile),
cyclohexanone (above 35°C), cyclohexanone/acetone,
methylcyclohexane/acetone, decahydronaphthalene/dimethyl oxalate,
benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, styrene, lower chlorinated
hydrocarbons, phenol/acetone, tetrahydrofuran,
dimethyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, methyl ethyl ketone, diisopropyl
ketone, glycol formal, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl-, ethyl-,
n-butyl phthalate, 1-nitropropane, carbon disulfide, tributyl phosphate,
phosphorus trichloride
D5226 − 21
TABLE A1.1 Continued
Abbreviation Polymer Solvents
Alkydes tetrahydrofuran
AMMA Acrylonitrile/metha methacrylate benzene, toluene, xylene, methylene chloride, chloroform, ethylene
chloride, chlorobenzene, isobutanol (hot), cyclohexanol (hot),
B-ethoxyethanol, dioxane, methyl ethyl ketone, diisopropyl ketone,
cyclohexanone, acetic acid, isobutyric acid, methyl formate, ethyl
acetate, cyclohexyl acetate, isobutyl propionate, butyl lactate
ADC Allyl diglycol carbonate benzene, chloroform, acetone
CMC Carboxylmethyl cellulose S.C. = 5 to 10 % —alkali
S.C. = 15 to 30 % —water (sodium salt)
S.C. = high—benzene/alcohol, benzene/acetone, chloroform, pyridine,
acetone, esters, tetrahydrofuran
CA Cellulose acetate D.S. = 0.6 to 0.8—water
D.S. = 1.3 to 1.7—2-methoxyethanol
D.S. = 2.0 to 2.3—methylene chloride/methanol at 80:20, chloroform/
methanol, benzyl alcohol, phenols, ethylene glycol ethers, dioxane,
diethanolamine, pyridine, aniline, acetone, cyclohexanone, formic acid,
glacial acetic acid, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate/nitrobenzene, glycol
monoethyl ether acetate, nitromethane, tetrahydrofuran
CAB Cellulose acetate-butyrate D.S. (acetate) = 0.8 and D.S. (butyrate) = 2.35—
benzene, toluene (hot), chloroform, carbon tetrachloride,
tetrachloroethane, methanol (hot), acetone, cyclohexanone, dioxane,
aliphatic esters, nitroethane
CAB Cellulose acetate-butyrate D.S. (acetate) = 2.1 and D.S. (butyrate) = 0.7—
chloroform, dichloroethane, tetrachloroethane, dioxane, acetone,
cyclohexanone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, nitroethane
CAP Cellulose acetate propionate benzene, dichloromethane, chlorobenzene, acetone, ethyl acetate
CN Cellulose nitrate N = 6.8 % —water
N = 10.5 to 12 % —alcohol (lower), alcohol/diethyl ether, acetone,
amyl acetate, ethylene glycol ethers, acetic acid (glacial)
N = 12.7 % —halogenated hydrocarbons, ethanol/diethyl ether,
acetone, methyl amyl acetone, cyclohexanone, methyl acetate, ethyl
acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl lactate, ethylene glycol ether acetates,
ethylene carbonate, furan derivatives, nitrobenzene
CP Cellulose propionate benzene, dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, acetone, ethyl acetate
CTA Cellulose triacetate methylene chloride, methylene chloride/ethanol at 80:20, chloroform,
chloroform/alcohol, trichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, acetone,
acetone/water at 80:20, methyl acetate, ethylene glycol ether
acetates, ethylene carbonate
EPDM Diene-modified ethylene-propylene 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, toluene at 75°C, 1,2,4-trichloro-benzene at
135°C
EP Epoxy, epoxide tetrahydrofuran
EC Ethyl cellulose D.S. = 0.5 to 0.7—aqueous alkali
D.S. = 1.0 to 1.5—pyridine, formic acid, water (cold), cuoxam
D.S. = 2—methylene chloride, chloroform, dichloroethylene,
chlorohydrins, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran
D.S. = 2.3—benzene, toluene, alkyl halogenoids, alcohols, furan
derivatives, ketones, acetic esters, carbon disulfide, nitromethane
D.S. = 3.0—benzene, toluene, methylene chloride, alcohols, esters
EEA Ethylene/ethyl acrylate aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, tetrahydrofuran,
esters, ketones
EMA Ethylene/methacrylic acid water, aqueous hydrogen chloride (0.002M above 30°C), dilute
aqueous sodium hydroxide
ETFE Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer perfluorokerosene (350°C)
EVA Ethylene/vinyl acetate benzene, toluene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride/ethanol,
dichloroethylene/ethanol at 20:80, chlorobenzene, methanol, ethanol/
water, n-butanol/water, allyl alcohol, 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanol, benzyl
alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, tetrahydrofuran,
dimethyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, glycol ethers, glycol ether esters,
acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetic acid, lower aliphatic acids, vinyl
acetate, acetals, acetonitrile, nitromethane, N,N-dimethylformamide,
dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene at 135°C (if high ethylene
content)
LCP Liquid crystal polymer 50:50 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene/phenol at 175°C, pentafluorophenol
MF Melamine formaldehyde Very low molecular weight—alcohol, water
Intermediates—pyridine, formalin, formic acids, dilute and
concentrated acids
High molecular weight—m-cresol at 100°C, N,N-dimethylformamide,
N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl pyrrolidone at 85 to 100°C
PF Phenol-formaldehyde Novalks and low molecular weight—hydrocarbons, diethyl ether,
acetone, esters, 4-tert-butylphenol and 4-phenylphenol polymers,
drying oils, tetrahydrofuran, methanol
Final resins—molten phenols (with some decomposition)
PAA Poly(acrylic acid) Atactic—methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, methyoxyethanol,
dioxane, formamide, N,N-dimethyl-formamide, water, dilute alkali
solution
Isotactic—dioxane/water at 80:20
D5226 − 21
TABLE A1.1 Continued
Abbreviation Polymer Solvents
PAN Polyacrylonitrile Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)—o-, m-, p-phenylene diamine,
N-formylhexamethyleneimine, N-nitrosopiperidine, maleic anhydride,
chloromaleic anhydride, succinic anhydride, acetic anhydride,
citraconic anhydride, g-butyrolactone, dioxanone, p-dioxanedione,
ethylene oxalate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate,
2-oxazolidone, 1-methyl-2-pyridone, 1,5-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidone,
E-caprolactam, N,N-dimethyl-formamide, dimethylthiofo
...