ASTM D2036-06
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Cyanides in Water
Standard Test Methods for Cyanides in Water
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Cyanide is highly toxic. Regulations have been established to require the monitoring of cyanide in industrial and domestic wastes and in surface waters (Appendix X1).
Test Method D is applicable for natural water and clean metal finishing or heat treatment effluents. It may be used for process control in wastewater treatment facilities providing its applicability has been validated by Test Method B or C.
The spot test outlined in Annex A1 can be used to detect cyanide and thiocyanate in water or wastewater, and to approximate its concentration.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of cyanides in water. The following test methods are included:
1.2 Cyanogen halides may be determined separately. Cyanogen chloride is the most common of the cyanogen halide complexes as it is a reaction product and is usually present when chlorinating cyanide-containing industrial waste water. For the presence or absence of CNCl, the spot test method given in can be used.
1.3 These test methods do not distinguish between cyanide ions and metallocyanide compounds and complexes. Furthermore, they do not detect the cyanates. Note 1—The cyanate complexes are decomposed when the sample is acidified in the distillation procedure.
1.4 The cyanide in cyanocomplexes of gold, platinum, cobalt and some other transition metals is not completely recovered by these test methods.
1.5 Cyanide from only a few organic cyanides are recovered, and those only to a minor extent.
1.6 Part or all of these test methods have been used successfully with reagent water and various waste waters. It is the user's responsibility to assure the validity of the test method for the water matrix being tested.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in sections 5.1, 8.8, 8.18, 9, 11.2, and 16.1.9.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D2036–06
Standard Test Methods for
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Cyanides in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2036; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of cyanides
statements are given in sections 5.1, 8.8, 8.18, 9, 11.2, and
in water. The following test methods are included:
16.1.9.
Sections
Test Method A—Total Cyanides after Distillation 12 to 18
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2. Referenced Documents
Test Method B—Cyanides Amenable to Chlorination by Difference 19 to 25
Test Method C—Weak Acid Dissociable Cyanides 26 to 32
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
Test Method D—Cyanides Amenable to Chlorination without Distilla- 33 to 39
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
tion (Short-Cut Method)
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
1.2 Cyanogen halides may be determined separately.
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
NOTE 1—Cyanogen chloride is the most common of the cyanogen
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
halide complexes as it is a reaction product and is usually present when
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
chlorinating cyanide-containing industrial waste water. For the presence
D5788 Guide for Spiking Organics into Aqueous Samples
or absence of CNCl, the spot test method given inAnnexA1 can be used.
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
1.3 These test methods do not distinguish between cyanide
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
ions and metallocyanide compounds and complexes. Further-
D6696 Guide for Understanding Cyanide Species
more, they do not detect the cyanates.
D6888 Test Method for Available Cyanide with Ligand
Displacement and Flow InjectionAnalysis (FIA) Utilizing
NOTE 2—The cyanate complexes are decomposed when the sample is
Gas Diffusion Separation and Amperometric Detection
acidified in the distillation procedure.
E60 Practice for Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related
1.4 The cyanide in cyanocomplexes of gold, platinum,
Materials by Molecular Absorption Spectrometry
cobalt and some other transition metals is not completely
E275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance
recovered by these test methods.
of Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
1.5 Cyanide from only a few organic cyanides are recov-
ered, and those only to a minor extent.
3. Terminology
1.6 Part or all of these test methods have been used
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in these test
successfully with reagent water and various waste waters. It is
methods, refer to Terminology D1129 and Guide D6696.
the user’s responsibility to assure the validity of the test
3.2 Abbreviations: Abbreviations:
method for the water matrix being tested.
3.2.1 HPLC—High Performance Liquid Chromatography
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.2 IC—Ion Chromatography
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Test Methods
4.1 The cyanide as hydrocyanic acid (HCN) is released
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from compounds by means of reflux distillation and absorbed
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on
Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.06 on Methods for
in sodium hydroxide solution. The conditions used for the
Analysis for Organic Substances in Water.
distillationdistinguishthetypeofcyanide.Thesodiumcyanide
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2006. Published February 2006. Originally
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D2036–98. DOI:
10.1520/D2036-06.
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For an explanation of the term cyanides amenable to alkaline chlorination, see For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Lancy, L. E. and Zabban, W., “Analytical Methods and Instrumentation for contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Determining Cyanogen Compounds,” Papers on Industrial Water and Industrial Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Waste Water, ASTM STP 337, 1962, pp. 32–45. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D2036–06
FIG. 1 Cyanide Distillation Apparatus
in the absorbing solution can be determined colorimet
...
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