ASTM D7262-10

Standard Test Method for Estimating the Permanganate Natural Oxidant Demand of Soil and Aquifer Solids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The test method is used to estimate the permanganate natural oxidant demand exerted by the soil or aquifer solids by determining the quantity of potassium permanganate that is consumed by naturally occurring species as a function of time. Typically the measurement of PNOD is used to screen potential sites for in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) with permanganate (Test Method A) and provide information to aid in the design of remediation systems (Test Method B).  
While some oxidizable species react relatively quickly (that is, days to weeks), others react more slower (weeks to months). Consequently, the PNODt is expected to be some fraction of the PNODmax.
Due to mass transport related issues at the field-scale it is reasonable to assume that the PNODt measured using the test method may overestimate the demand exerted during ISCO applications.
Note 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/and so forth.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the estimation of the permanganate natural oxidant demand (PNOD) through the determination of the quantity of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) that organic matter and other naturally occurring oxidizable species present in soil or aquifer solids will consume under specified conditions as a function of time. Oxidizable species may include organic constituents and oxidizable inorganic ions, such as ferrous iron and sulfides. The following test methods are included:
Test Method A48-hour Permanganate Natural Oxidant Demand
Test Method BPermanganate Natural Oxidant Demand Kinetics
1.2 This test method is limited by the reagents employed to a permanganate natural oxidant demand (PNOD) of 60 g KMnO4 per kg soil or aquifer solids after a period of 48 hours (Method A) or two weeks (Method B).
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to interpret the results of the data. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to interpret the results obtained and to determine the applicability of these results prior to use.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2010
• ICS: 13.080.01 - Soil quality and pedology in general
• Technical Committee: D18 - Soil and Rock
• Drafting Committee: D18.21 - Groundwater and Vadose Zone Investigations

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D7262-07 - Standard Test Method for Estimating the Permanganate Natural Oxidant Demand of Soil and Aquifer Solids
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7262 − 10
StandardTest Method for
Estimating the Permanganate Natural Oxidant Demand of
1
Soil and Aquifer Solids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7262; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the estimation of the perman-
ganate natural oxidant demand (PNOD) through the determi- D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
Fluids
nation of the quantity of potassium permanganate (KMnO )
4
that organic matter and other naturally occurring oxidizable D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
species present in soil or aquifer solids will consume under
specified conditions as a function of time. Oxidizable species Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
may include organic constituents and oxidizable inorganic
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
ions, such as ferrous iron and sulfides. The following test
methods are included: ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
Construction Materials Testing
Test Method A—48-hour Permanganate Natural Oxidant
Demand D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
Data
Test Method B—Permanganate Natural Oxidant Demand
Kinetics D6051 Guide for Composite Sampling and Field Subsam-
pling for Environmental Waste Management Activities
1.2 This test method is limited by the reagents employed to
D6169 Guide for Selection of Soil and Rock Sampling
a permanganate natural oxidant demand (PNOD) of 60 g
Devices Used With Drill Rigs for Environmental Investi-
KMnO4 per kg soil or aquifer solids after a period of 48 hours
gations
(Method A) or two weeks (Method B).
D6282 Guide for Direct Push Soil Sampling for Environ-
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
mental Site Characterizations
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in D6286 Guide for Selection of Drilling Methods for Environ-
Practice D6026.
mental Site Characterization
3
2.2 Other Standards:
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this Method 4500—KMnO Standard Methods for the Examina-
4
tion of Water and Wastewater, 20th Ed. 1998
standard.
ANSI/AWWA B603-03 Standard for Permanganates
1.5 This standard does not purport to interpret the results of
the data. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
3. Terminology
interpret the results obtained and to determine the applicability
3.1 For common definitions of technical terms in this
of these results prior to use.
standard, refer to Terminology D653.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.2.1 permanganate natural oxidant demand (PNOD )—the
t
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- mass of potassium permanganate consumed per mass of soil or
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. aquifer solids as a function of time.
1 2
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Vadose Zone Investigations. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved July 1, 2010. Published August 2010. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D7262–07. DOI: Available fromAmerican Water WorksAssociation (AWWA), 6666 W. Quincy
10.1520/D7262-10. Ave., Denver, CO 80235, http://www.awwa.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7262 − 10
3.2.2 maximum permanganate natural oxidant demand 7. Apparatus
(PNOD )—the maximum mass of potassium permanganate
max
7.1 Reactor Apparatus—A 250-mL glass vial (Pyrex or
consumed per mass of soil or aquifer solids over time.
equivalent) with an oxidant resistant screw cap is recom-
3.2.3 permanganate natural oxidant demand kinetics—the
mended. Zero headspace is not required.
rate at which pot
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D7262–07 Designation:D7262–10
Standard Test Method for
Estimating the Permanganate Natural Oxidant Demand of
1
Soil and Aquifer Solids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7262; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the estimation of the permanganate natural oxidant demand (PNOD) through the determination of
the quantity of potassium permanganate (KMnO ) that organic matter and other naturally occurring oxidizable species present in
4
soil or aquifer solids will consume under specified conditions as a function of time. Oxidizable species may include organic
constituents and oxidizable inorganic ions, such as ferrous iron and sulfides. The following test methods are included:
Test Method A—48-hour Permanganate Natural Oxidant Demand
Test Method B—Permanganate Natural Oxidant Demand Kinetics
1.2 This test method is limited by the reagents employed to a permanganate natural oxidant demand (PNOD) of 60 g KMnO4
per kg soil or aquifer solids after a period of 48 hours (Method A) or two weeks (Method B).
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to interpret the results of the data. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
interpret the results obtained and to determine the applicability of these results prior to use.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction
Materials Testing
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
D6051 Guide for Composite Sampling and Field Subsampling for Environmental Waste Management Activities
D6169 Guide for Selection of Soil and Rock Sampling Devices Used With Drill Rigs for Environmental Investigations
D6282 Guide for Direct Push Soil Sampling for Environmental Site Characterizations
D6286 Guide for Selection of Drilling Methods for Environmental Site Characterization
3
2.2 Other Standards:
Method 4500—KMnO Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th Ed. 1998
4
ANSI/AWWA B603-03.ANSI/AWWA B603-03 Standard for Permanganates
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Ground Water and
Vadose Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved June 15, 2007. Published August 2007. DOI: 10.1520/D7262-07.
Current edition approved July 1, 2010. Published August 2010. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D7262–07. DOI:
10.1520/D7262-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Water Works Association (AWWA), 6666 W. Quincy Ave., Denver, CO 80235, http://www.awwa.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7262–10
3. Terminology
3.1
3.1 For common definitions of technical terms in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1
3.2.1 permanganate natural oxidant demand (PNOD)—the mass of potassium permanganate consumed per mass of soil or
t
aquifer solids as a function of
...