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ASTM D5884-04a(2010)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes

Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Since tear resistance may be affected to a large degree by mechanical fibering of the membrane under stress, as well as by stress distribution, strain rate, and size of specimen, the results obtained in a tear resistance test can only be regarded as a measure of the resistance under the conditions of that particular test and not necessarily as having any direct relation to service value. This test method measures the force required to tear a reinforced geomembrane along a reasonably defined course such as that the tear propagates across the width of the specimen. The values may vary between types of reinforcement used within a geomembrane.
The tongue tear method is useful for estimating the relative tear resistance of different reinforcing textiles or different directions in the same reinforcing textiles.
Disputes—In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical difference between their laboratories.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for determining the tear strength of flexible geomembranes internally reinforced with a textile, using the tongue tear method.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2010
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.10 - Geomembranes
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5884-04a - Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes
Effective Date
01-Mar-2010
Replaced By
ASTM D5884/D5884M-04A(2015)e1 - Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes
Effective Date
01-May-2015
Referred By
ASTM D7465/D7465M-15(2023) - Standard Specification for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) Sheet Used In Geomembrane Applications
Effective Date
01-Mar-2010

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ASTM D5884-04a(2010) - Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced GeomembranesASTM D5884-04a(2010) - Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes
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ASTM D5884-04a(2010) - Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5884 − 04a(Reapproved 2010)
Standard Test Method for
Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced
1
Geomembranes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5884; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.4 tearing strength, (F, (F), kN), n—the force required
either (1) to start or (2) to continue or propagate a tear in a
1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for deter-
fabric under specified conditions. D4439, D4533
mining the tear strength of flexible geomembranes internally
reinforced with a textile, using the tongue tear method.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4.1 The tensile tear strength of a membrane in both machine
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
and cross-machine directions is determined by measuring the
information only.
maximum load when cut specimens of specific dimensions are
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the tested to failure, by tearing, at a fixed testing displacement rate.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 Since tear resistance may be affected to a large degree
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
by mechanical fibering of the membrane under stress, as well
as by stress distribution, strain rate, and size of specimen, the
2. Referenced Documents results obtained in a tear resistance test can only be regarded as
2
a measure of the resistance under the conditions of that
2.1 ASTM Standards:
particular test and not necessarily as having any direct relation
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled
to service value. This test method measures the force required
Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testing
to tear a reinforced geomembrane along a reasonably defined
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
course such as that the tear propagates across the width of the
D4533 Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of Geo-
specimen. The values may vary between types of reinforce-
textiles
ment used within a geomembrane.
3. Terminology 5.2 The tongue tear method is useful for estimating the
relative tear resistance of different reinforcing textiles or
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
different directions in the same reinforcing textiles.
3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geosynthetics, n—air main-
tained at a relative humidity between 50 to 70 % and a 5.3 Disputes—In case of a dispute arising from differences
in reported test results when using this test method for
temperature of 21 6 2°C (70 6 4°F). D4439
acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and
3.1.2 geomembrane, n—anessentiallyimpermeablegeosyn-
the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if
thetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets. D4439
there is a statistical difference between their laboratories.
3.1.3 reinforced geomembrane—a geomembrane internally
reinforced with a textile.
6. Apparatus
6.1 The machine shall consist of three main parts:
6.1.1 Straining Mechanism—A machine wherein the speci-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
men is held between the two clamps and strained by a uniform
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomem-
movement of the pulling clamp shall be used. Unless otherwise
branes.
specified in the material specification, the machine shall be
Current edition approved March 1, 2010. Published April 2010. Originally
adjusted so that the pulling clamp shall have a uniform speed
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D5884–04a. DOI:
10.1520/D5884-04AR10.
of 50 6 2 mm/min (2 6 0.1 in./min).
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.1.2 Clamps for Holding Specimen—The clamps for hold-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ing a reinforced flexible geomembrane specimen shall have
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. metallic gripping surfaces sufficiently smooth, flat, and parallel
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5884 − 04a (2010)
as to prevent the test specimen from slipping or moving
between the gripping surfaces when held under the pressure
normal to operat
...

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Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Since tear resistance may be affected to a large degree by mechanical fibering of the membrane under stress, as well as by stress distribution, strain rate, and size of specimen, the results obtained in a tear resistance test can only be regarded as a measure of the resistance under the conditions of that particular test and not necessarily as having any direct relation to service value. This test method measures the force required to tear a reinforced geomembrane along a reasonably defined course such as that the tear propagates across the width of the specimen. The values may vary between types of reinforcement used within a geomembrane.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for determining the tear strength of flexible geomembranes internally reinforced with a textile, using the tongue tear method.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
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Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Geomembranes

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5.1 This practice covers test arrangements, measurement techniques, sampling methods, and calculations to be used for nondestructive evaluation of geomembranes using ultrasonic testing.  
5.2 Wave velocity may be established for particular geomembranes (for specific polymer type, specific formulation, specific density). Relationships may be established between velocity and both density and tensile properties of geomembranes. An example of the use of ultrasound for determining density of polyethylene is presented in Test Method D4883. Velocity measurements may be used to determine thickness of geomembranes (1, 2).4 Travel time and amplitude of transmitted waves may be used to assess the condition of geomembranes and to identify defects in geomembranes including surface defects (for example, scratches, cuts), inner defects (for example, discontinuities within geomembranes), and defects that penetrate the entire thickness of geomembranes (for example, pinholes) (3, 4). Bonding between geomembrane sheets can be evaluated using travel time, velocity, or impedance measurements for seam assessment (5-10). Examples of the use of ultrasonic testing for determining the integrity of field and factory seams through travel time and velocity measurements (resulting in thickness measurements) are presented in Practices D4437 and D4545, respectively. An ultrasonic testing device is routinely used for evaluating seams in prefabricated bituminous geomembranes in the field (11). Integrity of geomembranes may be monitored in time using ultrasonic measurements.
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1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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Standard Test Method for Accelerated Tensile Creep and Creep-Rupture of Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-Temperature Superposition Using the Stepped Isothermal Method

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5.1 Use of the Stepped Isothermal Method decreases the time required for creep to occur and the obtaining of the associated data.  
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Note 1: Currently, SIM testing has focused mainly on woven and knitted geogrids and woven geotextiles made from polyester, aramid, polyaramid, poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA), and polypropylene yarns and narrow strips. Additional correlation studies on other materials are needed.  
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5.5 Tensile testing is used to establish the ultimate tensile strength (TULT) of a material and to determine elastic stress, strain, and variations thereof for SIM tests.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers accelerated testing for tensile creep, and tensile creep-rupture properties using the Stepped Isothermal Method (SIM).  
1.2 The test method is focused on geosynthetic reinforcement materials such as yarns, ribs of geogrids, or narrow geotextile specimens.  
1.3 The SIM tests are laterally unconfined tests based on time-temperature superposition procedures.  
1.4 Tensile tests are to be completed before SIM tests and the results are used to determine the stress levels for subsequent SIM tests defined in terms of the percentage of Ultimate Tensile Strength (TULT). Additionally, the tensile test can be designed to provide estimates of the initial elastic strain distributions appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.5 Ramp and Hold (R+H) tests may be completed in conjunction with SIM tests. They are designed to provide additional estimates of the initial elastic and initial rapid creep strain levels appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.6 This method can be used to establish the sustained load creep and creep-rupture characteristics of a geosynthetic. Results of this method are to be used to augment results of Test Method D5262 and may not be used as the sole basis for determination of long-term creep and creep-rupture behavior of geosynthetic material.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5322-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Laboratory Immersion Procedures for Evaluating the Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to Liquids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides a standard immersion procedure for investigating the chemical resistance of a geosynthetic to a liquid waste, leachate, or chemical in a laboratory environment. The conditions specified in this practice are intended both to provide a basis of standardization and to serve as a guide for those wishing to compare or investigate the chemical resistance of a geosynthetic material(s) in a laboratory environment. Practice D5496 can be used should the user need to assess the performance of a geosynthetic in field conditions.  
4.2 This practice is not intended to establish, by itself, the behavior of geosynthetics when exposed to liquids. Such behavior, referred to as chemical resistance, can be defined only in terms of specific chemical solutions and methods of testing and evaluation criteria selected by the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers laboratory immersion procedures for the testing of geosynthetics for chemical resistance to liquid wastes, prepared chemical solutions, and leachates derived from solid wastes.  
1.2 This standard is not applicable to some geosynthetics such as geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs), because of their composite nature requiring a confining pressure during immersion. However, individual geosynthetic components of the GCL can be tested.  
1.3 This standard was originally developed to supplement and expand EPA 9090 to include all geosynthetics. EPA 9090 has not been updated since 1992.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 7.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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    English language
    sale 15% off