ASTM E1966-15(2019)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Fire-Resistive Joint Systems
Standard Test Method for Fire-Resistive Joint Systems
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method evaluates, under the specified test conditions: (1) the ability of a fire resistive joint system to undergo movement without reducing the fire rating of the adjacent fire separating elements and (2) the duration for which test specimens will contain a fire and retain their integrity during a predetermined test exposure.
5.2 This test method provides for the following measurements and evaluations where applicable:
5.2.1 Capability of the joint system to movement cycle.
5.2.2 Loadbearing capacity of the joint system.
5.2.3 Ability of the joint system to prohibit the passage of flames and hot gases.
5.2.4 Transmission of heat through the joint system.
5.2.5 Ability of the joint system, that is an extension of a wall, to resist the passage of water during a hose stream test.
5.3 This test method does not provide the following:
5.3.1 Evaluation of the degree by which the joint system contributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion.
5.3.2 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the joint system.
5.3.3 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the joint system.
Note 1: The information in 5.3.1 – 5.3.3 may be determined by other suitable fire test methods. For example, 5.3.3 may be determined by Test Method E84.
5.3.4 Evaluation of joints formed by the rated or non-rated exterior walls and the floors of the building.
5.4 In this procedure, the test specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. When different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by, or from, this test method to predict changes to the characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the exposure conditions described in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response test method measures the performance of joint systems designed to be used with fire rated floors and walls during a fire endurance test exposure. The fire endurance test end point is the period of time elapsing before the first performance criteria is reached when the joint system is subjected to one of two time-temperature fire exposures.
1.2 The fire exposure conditions used are either those specified by Test Method E119 for testing assemblies to standard time-temperature exposures or Test Method E1529 for testing assemblies to rapid-temperature rise fires.
1.3 This test method specifies the heating conditions, methods of test, and criteria for the evaluation of the ability of a joint system to maintain the fire resistance where hourly rated fire-separating elements meet.
1.4 Test results establish the performance of joint systems during the fire-exposure period and shall not be construed as having determined the joint systems suitability for use after that exposure.
1.5 This test method does not provide quantitative information about the joint system relative to the rate of leakage of smoke or gases or both. However, it requires that such phenomena be noted and reported when describing the general behavior of joint systems during the fire endurance test but is not part of the conditions of compliance.
1.6 Potentially important factors and fire characteristics not addressed by this test method include, but are not limited to:
1.6.1 The performance of the fire-resistive joint system constructed with components other than those tested.
1.6.2 The cyclic movement capabilities of joint systems other than the cycling conditions tested.
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.8 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. Th...
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1966 − 15 (Reapproved 2019) An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Fire-Resistive Joint Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1966; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Joint systems are positioned in joints, voids, gaps, or other discontinuities between or bounded by
two or more supporting elements. Normally such openings are denoted as “linear” because the length
is greater than their width—defined by a typical ratio of at least 10:1 as in practice. Joints are present
in buildings as a result of:
(i) Design to accommodate various movements induced by thermal differentials, seismicity, and
wind loads and exist as a clearance separation.
(ii) Acceptable dimensional tolerances between two or more building elements, for example,
between non-loadbearing walls and floors.
(iii) Inadequate design, inaccurate assembly, repairs, or damage to the building.
1. Scope behavior of joint systems during the fire endurance test but is
not part of the conditions of compliance.
1.1 This fire-test-response test method measures the perfor-
mance of joint systems designed to be used with fire rated 1.6 Potentially important factors and fire characteristics not
floors and walls during a fire endurance test exposure. The fire addressed by this test method include, but are not limited to:
endurance test end point is the period of time elapsing before 1.6.1 The performance of the fire-resistive joint system
the first performance criteria is reached when the joint system
constructed with components other than those tested.
is subjected to one of two time-temperature fire exposures.
1.6.2 The cyclic movement capabilities of joint systems
other than the cycling conditions tested.
1.2 The fire exposure conditions used are either those
specified by Test Method E119 for testing assemblies to 1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
standardtime-temperatureexposuresorTestMethodE1529for
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
testing assemblies to rapid-temperature rise fires. conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
1.3 This test method specifies the heating conditions, meth-
ods of test, and criteria for the evaluation of the ability of a 1.8 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
joint system to maintain the fire resistance where hourly rated
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
fire-separating elements meet. (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
as requirements of the standard.
1.4 Test results establish the performance of joint systems
during the fire-exposure period and shall not be construed as 1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the
having determined the joint systems suitability for use after response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
that exposure.
flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk
1.5 This test method does not provide quantitative informa-
assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under
tion about the joint system relative to the rate of leakage of
actual fire conditions.
smoke or gases or both. However, it requires that such
phenomena be noted and reported when describing the general 1.10 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-
guards for personnel and property shall be employed in
conducting these tests.
1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire
Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.11 on Fire
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Resistance.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Current edition approved March 1, 2019. Published March 2019. Originally
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as E1966 – 15. DOI:
10.1520/E1966-15R19. mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1966 − 15 (2019)
1.12 This international standard was developed in accor- 3.1.10 supporting construction, n—the arrangement of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- building sections forming the fire-separating elements into
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the which the joint systems are installed.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.11 test assembly, n—the complete assembly of test
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
specimens together with their supporting construction.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.12 test specimen, n—a joint system of a specific
material(s), design, and width.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Summary of Test Method
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
4.1 This test method describes the following test sequence
Building Materials
and procedure:
E119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction
4.1.1 When the maximum joint width does not equal the
and Materials
minimum joint width, joint systems shall be movement cycled
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
before being fire tested.
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
4.1.2 Joint systems and their supporting construction shall
E814 Test Method for Fire Tests of Penetration Firestop
be conditioned and fire tested.
Systems
4.1.3 A duplicate test specimen, that is an extension of a
E1399 TestMethodforCyclicMovementandMeasuringthe
wall, is subject to a fire of lesser duration than the fire
Minimum and Maximum Joint Widths of Architectural
resistance rating. After which, the duplicate test specimen is
Joint Systems
subject to the hose stream test.
E1529 Test Methods for Determining Effects of Large Hy-
drocarbon Pool Fires on Structural Members and Assem-
5. Significance and Use
blies
E2226 Practice for Application of Hose Stream
5.1 This test method evaluates, under the specified test
E2307 Test Method for Determining Fire Resistance of
conditions: (1) the ability of a fire resistive joint system to
Perimeter Fire Barriers Using Intermediate-Scale, Multi-
undergo movement without reducing the fire rating of the
story Test Apparatus
adjacentfireseparatingelementsand(2)thedurationforwhich
test specimens will contain a fire and retain their integrity
3. Terminology
during a predetermined test exposure.
3.1 Definitions:
5.2 This test method provides for the following measure-
3.1.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given
ments and evaluations where applicable:
in Terminologies E176 and E631, together with the following,
5.2.1 Capability of the joint system to movement cycle.
apply:
5.2.2 Loadbearing capacity of the joint system.
3.1.2 fire-separating element, n—floors, walls, and parti-
5.2.3 Ability of the joint system to prohibit the passage of
tions having a period of fire resistance determined in accor-
flames and hot gases.
dance with Test Methods E119 or E1529.
5.2.4 Transmission of heat through the joint system.
3.1.3 fire resistive joint system, n—a device or designed
5.2.5 Ability of the joint system, that is an extension of a
feature that provides a fire separating function along continu-
wall, to resist the passage of water during a hose stream test.
ous linear openings, including changes in direction, between or
5.3 This test method does not provide the following:
bounded by fire separating elements.
5.3.1 Evaluation of the degree by which the joint system
3.1.4 joint, n—the linear void located between juxtaposed
contributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxic
fire-separating elements.
gases, or other products of combustion.
3.1.5 maximum joint width, n—the widest opening of an
5.3.2 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of
installed joint system.
the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the
joint system.
3.1.6 minimum joint width, n—the narrowest opening of an
5.3.3 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the
installed joint system.
joint system.
3.1.7 movement cycle, n—the change between the minimum
and the maximum joint widths of a joint system.
NOTE 1—The information in 5.3.1 – 5.3.3 may be determined by other
suitable fire test methods. For example, 5.3.3 may be determined by Test
3.1.8 nominal joint width, n—the specified opening of a
Method E84.
joint in practice that is selected for test purposes.
5.3.4 Evaluation of joints formed by the rated or non-rated
3.1.9 splice, n—the connection or junction within the length
exterior walls and the floors of the building.
of a joint system.
5.4 Inthisprocedure,thetestspecimensaresubjectedtoone
or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. When
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
different test conditions are substituted or the end-use condi-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
tions are changed, it is not always possible by, or from, this test
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. method to predict changes to the characteristics measured.
E1966 − 15 (2019)
Therefore,theresultsarevalidonlyfortheexposureconditions
described in this test method.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Cycling Apparatus—Equipment (or device) capable of
being used to induce movement of a joint system and meeting
the required cyclic rate and number of cycles selected from
Table 1.
6.2 Furnace—An enclosed furnace facility capable of con-
trolling a fire to the time-temperature curve in Test Methods
E119 or E1529. An example of a vertical furnace with a test
frame is shown in Fig. 1 and a horizontal furnace is shown in
Fig. 2.
6.3 Furnace Thermocouples:
6.3.1 The E119 furnace thermocouples shall:
FIG. 1 Example of Vertical Furnace and Test Frame
6.3.1.1 Be protected by sealed porcelain tubes having a
3 1
nominal ⁄4-in. (19-mm) outside diameter and ⁄8-in. (3-mm)
wall thickness, or, as an alternative, in the case of base metal
thermocouples, protected by a standard ⁄2-in. (13-mm) diam-
eter wrought steel or wrought iron pipe of standard weight, and
6.3.1.2 Have a time constant between the range of 5.0 to 7.2
min while encased in the tubes described in 6.3.1.1.
6.3.2 Other types of E119 protection tubes or pyrometers
shall be used only when they give the same indications under
test conditions as those of 6.3.1.2 within the limit of accuracy
that applies for furnace-temperature measurements.
NOTE 2—Atypical thermocouple assembly meeting these time constant
requirements may be fabricated by fusion-welding the twisted ends of No.
18 gauge Chromel-Alumel wires, mounting the leads in porcelain insula-
torsandinsertingtheassemblysothethermocouplebeadisapproximately
0.5 in. (25 mm) from the sealed end of the standard weight nominal ⁄2-in.
(25-mm) iron, steel, or Inconel pipe. The time constant for this and for
several other thermocouple assemblies was measured in 1976. The time
FIG. 2 Example of Horizontal Furnace
constant may also be calculated from knowledge of its physical and
thermal properties.
assemblies shall be less than 60 s. Standard calibration ther-
6.3.3 The E1529 furnace thermocouples shall measure the
mocouples with an accuracy of 6 0.75 % shall be used.
temperature of the gases adjacent to and impinging on the test
6.4 Pressure-sensing Probes—Where applicable, tolerances
specimens using factory manufactured ⁄4-in. (6-mm) outside
are 6 5 % of dimensions shown in Fig. 3 or Fig. 4.
diameter (OD), Inconel-sheathed, Type K, Chromel-Alumel
6.4.1 The pressure-sensing probes shall be either:
thermocouples. The time constant, in air, of the thermocouple
6.4.1.1 A T-shaped sensor as shown in Fig. 3,or
6.4.1.2 A tube sensor as shown in Fig. 4.
6.5 Unexposed Surface Thermocouples:
Inconel is a registered trade name of INCO Alloys, Inc., 3800 Riverside Dr.,
6.5.1 The wires for the unexposed thermocouple in the
Huntingdon, WV 25720.
length covered by the thermocouple pad are not to be heavier
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
than No. 18 AWG (0.82 mm ) and are to be electrically
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:E05-1001.
insulated with heat-resistant and moisture-resistant coatings.
TABLE 1 Conditions of Test Specimen Cycling
6.6 Thermocouple Pads:
6.6.1 The properties of thermocouple pads used to cover
NOTE 1—The terms used for movement are indicative of the cyclic rate
each thermocouple on the unexposed side of the test assembly
in expansion and contraction of the joint system and not of the magnitude
or direction of movement.
shall have the following characteristics.
6.6.1.1 They shall be dry, felted refractory fiber pads.
Movement Type Minimum Minimum Number of
Cycling Rates (cpm) Movement Cycles
6.6.1.2 Forjointshavingamaximumjointwidthoflessthan
Type I—Thermal 1 500
6 in. (152 mm) the length and width of the square pad shall
Type II—Wind Sway 10 500
Type III—Seismic 30 100 measure 2 6 0.04 in. (50 6 1 mm). For joints having a
Type IV—Combined Move- 30 100
maximum joint width equal to or greater than 6 in. (152 mm)
ment
the length and width of the square pad shall measure 6 6 0.12
followed by: 10 400
in. (152 6 3 mm).
E1966 − 15 (2019)
FIG. 3 “T” Shaped Pressure Sensing Probe
FIG. 4 Tube Type Pressure Sensing Probe
6.6.1.3 The thermocouple pads shall be 0.375 6 0.063 in. 6.6.1.6 The thermocouple pads shall have a hardness (on
(9.5 6 1.6 mm) thick. The thickness measurement is to be soft face) of 2.25 to 4.5 (modified Brinnell). The hardness
made under the light load of a standard ⁄2-in. (12.7-mm) measurement is to be made by pressing a standard 1-in.
diameter pad of a dial micrometer gauge. (25-mm) diameter steel ball against the specimen and measur-
6.6.1.4 The thermocouple pads shall have a density of 31.2 ing the indentation obtained between a minor load of 2
3 3
6 0.6 lbs/ft (500 6 10 kg/m ). pounds-mass (0.91 kg) and an additional major load of 10
6.6.1.5 The thermal conductivity of the thermocouple pads pounds-mass (4.5 kg) [12 po
...
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