E05.11 - Fire Resistance

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is intended to standardize the apparatus used and the method or pattern of application of a standard hose stream to building elements as one part of the assessment and fire resistance of building elements.  
4.1.1 This practice specifies the water pressure and duration of application of the hose stream to the test assembly.  
4.2 This practice is intended to be used only after a test assembly has completed a prescribed standard fire-resistance test.  
4.3 The practice exposes a test assembly to a standard hose stream under controlled laboratory conditions.  
4.3.1 Pass/fail criteria are defined in the appropriate fire test method.  
4.3.2 This exposure is not intended to replicate typical fire fighting operations or all applied or impact loads a system could be subjected to in field use and conditions.  
4.4 Any variation from tested conditions has the potential of substantially changing the performance characteristics determined by this practice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is applicable to building elements required to be subjected to the impact, erosion, and cooling effects of a hose stream as part of a fire-test-response standard. Building elements include, but are not limited to, wall and partition assemblies, fire-resistive joint systems, and doors.  
1.2 This practice shall register performance of the building element under specific hose stream conditions. It shall not imply that, either after exposure or under other conditions, the structural capability of the building element is intact or that the building element is suitable for use.  
1.3 The result derived from this practice is one factor in assessing the integrity of building elements after fire exposure. The practice prescribes a standard hose stream exposure for comparing performance of building elements after fire exposure and evaluates various materials and construction techniques under common conditions.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes which provide explanatory material. These notes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice describes a procedure to gather data intended to measure the uniformity of exposure conditions upon test specimens for the fire test methods described in Test Methods E119, E814, E1529, E1725, E1966, and E2336. The collected data from furnaces are intended to form a basis for performance requirements for the furnaces described in the referenced standards.  
5.2 This practice does not include requirements for furnace performance.  
5.3 In this procedure, the standardized test specimen is subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this procedure to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire-test-exposure conditions described in this procedure.  
5.4 The attention of all persons connected with the conduct of this practice is drawn to the fact that fire testing is hazardous and that there is a possibility that harmful smoke and gases are developed during the test. There is also a possibility that mechanical and operational hazards develop during the construction of the test specimen and the disposal of the test residues. An assessment of all potential hazards and risks to health shall be made and safety precautions shall be identified and provided. Written safety instructions shall be issued. Appropriate training shall be provided to relevant personnel. Laboratory personnel shall ensure that they follow written safety instructions at all times.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard provides general principles for measuring the uniformity of the furnace exposure on specimens tested in accordance with Test Methods E119, E814, E1529, E1725, E1966, and E2336.  
1.2 This practice specifies the materials and the construction requirements for a standardized test specimen used to provide a mounting surface for the instrumentation that measures furnace exposure.  
1.3 The instrumentation records temperatures, pressure differentials, and oxygen content near the exposed surface of the test specimen.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.6 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method evaluates the following under the specified test conditions:  
5.1.1 The ability of a test specimen to undergo movement without reducing its fire resistance rating, and  
5.1.2 The duration for which a test specimen will contain a fire and retain its integrity during a predetermined fire resistive test exposure.  
5.2 This test method provides for the following measurements and evaluations where applicable:  
5.2.1 Ability of the test specimen  to movement cycle.  
5.2.2 Ability of the test specimen  to prohibit the passage of flames and hot gases.  
5.2.3 Transmission of heat through the test specimen.  
5.2.4 Ability of the test specimen  to resist the passage of water during a hose stream test.  
5.3 This test method does not provide the following:  
5.3.1 Any information about the rated wall assembly because its performance has already been determined.  
5.3.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the test specimen contributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion.  
5.3.3 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the test specimen.  
5.3.4 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the test specimen.
Note 3: The information in 5.3.1 – 5.3.4 may be determined by other suitable fire resistive test methods. For example, 5.3.4 may be determined by Test Method E84.  
5.4 In this procedure, the test specimens are subjected to one or more specific tests under laboratory conditions. When different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by, or from, this test method to predict changes to the characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the exposure conditions described in this test method.
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1.1 This fire-test-response test method measures the performance of a unique fire resistive joint system called a continuity head-of-wall joint system, which is designed to be used between a rated wall assembly and a nonrated horizontal assembly during a fire resistance test.  
1.2 This fire-test-response standard does not measure the performance of the rated wall assembly or the nonrated horizontal assembly.
Note 1: Typically, rated wall assemblies obtain a fire resistance rating after being tested to Test Method E119, UL 263, CAN/ULC-S101, or other similar fire resistance test methods.  
1.3 This fire-test-response standard is not intended to evaluate the connections between rated wall assemblies and nonrated horizontal assemblies  unless part of the continuity head-of-wall joint system.  
1.4 The fire resistive test end point is the period of time elapsing before the first performance criteria is reached when the continuity head-of-wall joint system is subjected to one of two time-temperature fire exposures.  
1.5 The fire exposure conditions used are either those specified by Test Method E119 for testing assemblies to standard time-temperature exposures or Test Method E1529 for testing assemblies to rapid-temperature rise fires.  
1.6 This test method specifies the heating conditions, methods of test, and criteria to establish a fire resistance rating only for a continuity head-of-wall joint system.  
1.7 Test results establish the performance of continuity head-of-wall joint systems to maintain continuity of fire resistance of the rated wall assembly where the continuity head-of-wall joint system interfaces with a nonrated horizontal assembly during the fire-exposure period.  
1.8 Test results shall not be construed as having determined the continuity head-of-wall joint system, nonrated horizontal assembly and the rated wall assembly’s suitability for use after that fire exposure.  
1.9 This test method does not provide quantitative information about the continuity head-of-wall joint system relative to the rate of leakage of smoke or gases or both. However, ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides for the following measurements and evaluations:  
5.1.1 Ability of the spandrel-panel assembly to resist the passage of flames or hot gases sufficient to ignite a cotton pad, or be visible to an observer.  
5.1.2 Transmission of heat through, and above, the spandrel-panel assembly using heat flux and unexposed surface temperature measurements.  
5.2 This test method does not provide the following:  
5.2.1 This test method does not evaluate the fire propagation characteristics of exterior nonload-bearing wall assemblies containing combustible components, or flame spread over the test assembly.  
5.2.2 This test method does not evaluate the fire-test-response characteristics of the perimeter joint protection between the floor assembly and the exterior wall assembly. This is covered in Test Method E2307.  
5.2.3 Evaluation of the degree to which the spandrel-panel assembly contributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion,  
5.2.4 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the spandrel-panel assembly,  
5.2.5 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the spandrel-panel assembly or exterior wall assembly,  
5.2.6 Durability of the test specimen under actual service conditions, including the effects of cycled temperature,  
5.2.7 Effects of loads (for example, wind, seismic, etc.) on the spandrel-panel assembly established by this test method,  
5.2.8 Movement capabilities of the test specimen,  
5.2.9 Other attributes of the test specimen, such as wear resistance, chemical resistance, air infiltration, water-tightness, and so forth, and  
5.2.10 Lateral spread of flame from the compartment of fire origin to adjacent spaces.  
5.3 In this test method, the test specimens are subjected to one or more specific test conditions. When different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed,...
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1.1 This test method evaluates the fire-test response characteristics of a spandrel-panel assembly spanning the intersection of a floor assembly.  
1.2 This test method is used to assess the spandrel-panel assembly’s ability to impede spread of fire to the interior of the room or the story immediately above it via fire spread from the exterior of a building, and provide a quantitative measure of the fire hazard in terms of an I-Rating, T-Rating, and F-Rating from a specified set of fire conditions involving specific materials, products, or assemblies.  
1.3 This test evaluates the performance of the portions of the exterior wall installed between vertically adjacent window openings in multi-story buildings.  
1.4 This test method addresses the potential for fire spread to a single story immediately above the room of fire origin.  
1.5 The test method simulates a fire in a post-flashover condition in a compartment that is venting to the exterior through a window opening.  
1.6 The fire exposure conditions within the test room are those specified by this test method for the first 30 min of exposure and then conform to Test Methods E119 time-temperature curve for the remainder of the test. The fire exposure on the exterior surface of the test specimen comprises both the exposure from the fire plume exiting the window opening of the test room and the exterior burner, although the fire exposure on the exterior surface of the test assembly is not equivalent to that of Test Methods E119.  
1.7 This test method specifies the heating conditions, methods of test, and criteria for evaluation of a building’s spandrel-panel assembly. Specimens are not tested using any super-imposed axial load.  
1.8 Test results establish the performance of the spandrel-panel assembly during the fire-exposure period and shall not be construed as having determined the suitability of a spandrel-panel assembly for use after that exposure.  
1.9 ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides for the following measurements and evaluations:  
5.1.1 Movement capacity of the perimeter fire barrier.  
5.1.2 Loadbearing capacity of the perimeter joint protection is optional.  
5.1.3 Ability of the perimeter fire barrier to resist the passage of flames and hot gases.  
5.1.4 Transmission of heat through the perimeter fire barrier.  
5.2 This test method does not provide the following:  
5.2.1 Evaluation of the degree to which the perimeter fire barrier contributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion,  
5.2.2 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the perimeter fire barrier,
Note 1: This test method does not measure the quantity of smoke or hot gases through the floor assembly, the wall assembly, or the perimeter joint protection.  
5.2.3 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the perimeter fire barrier,
Note 2: The information in 5.2.1 through 5.2.3 are determined by other suitable fire test methods. For example, Test Method E84 is used to determine 5.2.3.  
5.2.4 Durability of the test specimen under actual service conditions, including the effects of cycled temperature,  
5.2.5 Effects of a load on the movement cycling of the perimeter fire barrier established by this test method,  
5.2.6 Rotational, vertical, and horizontal shear capabilities of the test specimen,  
5.2.7 Any other attributes of the test specimen, such as wear resistance, chemical resistance, air infiltration, water-tightness, and so forth, and  
5.2.8 A measurement of the capability of the test specimen to resist:
5.2.8.1 Flame propagation over the exterior faces of the test specimen,
5.2.8.2 Spread of flame within the combustible core component of the exterior wall assembly from one story to the next,
Note 3: Some exterior wall assemblies are made from sandwich panels, which use EPS foam or other similar mat...
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1.1 This test method measures the performance of the perimeter fire barrier and its ability to maintain a seal to prevent fire spread during the deflection and deformation of the exterior wall assembly and floor assembly during the fire test, while resisting fire exposure from an interior compartment fire as well as from the flame plume emitted from the window burner below. The end point of the fire-resistance test is the period of time elapsing before the first condition of compliance is reached as the perimeter fire barrier is subjected to a time-temperature fire exposure.  
1.2 The fire exposure conditions used are those specified by this test method for the first 30 min of exposure and then conform to the Test Methods E119 time-temperature curve for the remainder of the test in the test room.  
1.3 This test method specifies the heating conditions, methods of test, and criteria for evaluation of the ability of a perimeter fire barrier to maintain the fire resistance where a floor and exterior wall assembly are juxtaposed to a perimeter joint.  
1.4 Test results establish the performance of perimeter fire barriers during the fire-exposure period and shall not be construed as having determined the suitability of perimeter fire barriers for use after that exposure.  
1.5 This test method does not provide quantitative information about the perimeter fire barrier relative to the rate of leakage of smoke or gases or both. While it requires that such phenomena be noted and reported when describing the general behavior of perimeter fire barrier during the fire-resistance test, such phenomena are not part of the conditions of compliance.  
1.6 Potentially important factors and fire characteristics not addressed by this test method include, but are not limited to:  
1.6.1 The performance of the perimeter fire barrier constructed with components other than those tested, and  
1.6.2 The cyclic movement capabilities of per...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These fire-test-response test methods evaluate, under the specified test conditions, the ability of a fire-resistive barrier system to inhibit thermal transmission to the electrical system component within.  
4.2 In these procedures, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from these test methods to predict changes in the fire test response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in these procedures.  
4.3 These test methods provide a measurement of the transmission of heat to the electrical system components within the barrier system.  
4.4 These test methods provide qualification of a fireresistive barrier system as one element of an electrical system designed to maintain continuous operation of critical functions and processes for a specific fire resistance rating.  
4.4.1 In addition to the temperature data provided by these test methods, numerous other factors, such as referenced in 1.4 shall be considered in specifying such a system.
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1.1 These test methods cover fire-test-response.  
1.2 These fire-test-response test methods provide information on the temperatures recorded on the electrical system component within a fire-resistive barrier system during the period of exposure.  
1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.4 Potentially important factors and fire characteristics not addressed by these test methods include, but are not limited to:  
1.4.1 The performance of the fire-resistive barrier system constructed with components other than those tested.  
1.4.2 An evaluation of the functionality of the electrical system within the fire-resistive barrier system.  
1.4.3 An evaluation of the ampacity of the electrical system within the fire-resistive barrier system.  
1.4.4 An evaluation of the smoke, toxic gases, corrosivity, or other products of heating.  
1.4.5 A measurement of the flame spread characteristics over the surface of the fire-resistive barrier system.  
1.4.6 An evaluation of through-penetration sealing methods.
Note 1: Refer to Test Method E814 for testing of firestop systems.  
1.4.7 Combustibility of materials in the fire-resistive barrier system or of the electrical system components.  
1.4.8 The need for supports beyond those normally required.  
1.4.9 Environmental conditions in the area of service.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to determine the performance of a firestop system with respect to exposure to a standard time-temperature fire test and a hose stream test. The performance of a firestop system is dependent upon the specific assembly of materials tested including the number, type, and size of penetrations and the floors or walls in which it is installed.  
5.2 Two ratings shall be established for each firestop system. An F rating shall be based upon flame occurrence on the unexposed surface, while the T rating shall be based upon the temperature rise as well as flame occurrence on the unexposed side of the firestop system. These ratings, together with detailed performance data such as the location of through-openings and temperatures of penetrating items are intended to be one factor in assessing performance of firestop systems.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is applicable to firestop systems of various materials and construction. Firestop systems are intended for use in openings in fire-resistive walls and floors that are evaluated in accordance with Test Methods E119.  
1.2 Tests conducted in conformance with this test method record firestop system performance during the test exposure; but such tests shall not be construed to determine suitability of the firestop system for use after test exposure.  
1.3 This test method also measures the resistance of firestop systems to an external force stimulated by a hose stream. However, this test method shall not be construed as determining the performance of the firestop system during actual fire conditions when subjected to forces such as failure of cable support systems and falling debris.  
1.4 The intent of this test method is to develop data to assist others in determining the suitability of the firestops for use where fire resistance is required.  
1.5 This test method does not apply to membrane penetrations of a floor-ceiling assembly or roof-ceiling assembly that are tested as part of the assembly in accordance with Test Methods E119.  
1.6 This test method does not apply to membrane penetrations of load-bearing walls.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered requirements of the standard.  
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The methods and procedures set forth in this guide relate to the extension of the fire test results to firestop systems that have not been tested.  
4.2 Users of this guide must have knowledge and understanding of the provisions of Test Methods E119 and Test Method E814 including those pertaining to conditions of acceptance.  
4.3 In order to apply some of the principles described in this guide, reference to the original fire test report will be necessary.  
4.4 In Test Method E814, the specimens are subjected to specific laboratory fire test exposure conditions. Differences between the tested assembly and the as-built assembly impact the fire-test-response characteristics. Substitution of different test conditions also impacts the fire-test-response characteristics.  
4.5 The extension of data is valid only for the fire test exposure described in Test Method E814.  
4.6 This guide shall not be used to extrapolate the fire resistance rating to a higher value.  
4.7 Limitations:  
4.7.1 The extension of fire resistance data is to be used only for changes to the tested specimen that fall within normal and reasonable limits of accepted construction practices.  
4.7.2 Conclusions derived from using this guide are valid only if the identified change is the only change in the construction or properties of the components.  
4.7.3 Evaluation of changes to the fire-resistive assembly in which the firestop is installed is governed by the Extension of Data principles in Practice E2032.  
4.8 The statements in this guide are based on a single change to a system.
Note 2: It is possible that multiple changes have a different cumulative effect than that of individual changes evaluated separately. The principles contained herein may provide useful information for the application of sound engineering principles to evaluate the effect of multiple differences between tested and installed firestops.  
4.9 Extensions of data using this document shall be done by individ...
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1.1 This guide covers the extension of results obtained from fire tests performed in accordance with Test Method E814 to applications that have not been tested. Test Method E814 evaluates the duration for which test specimens will contain a fire, retain their integrity, or both during a predetermined fire test exposure. Firestops are intended for use in fire-resistive walls and floors that are evaluated in conformance with Test Methods E119.
Note 1: Data obtained from firestops tested in accordance with Test Methods E119 with positive pressure can also be used.  
1.2 This guide is based on principles involving the extension of test data using simple considerations. The acceptance of these principles and their application is based substantially on an analogous worst-case proposition.  
1.3 These principles are only applicable to temperature conditions represented by the standard time-temperature curve described in Test Method E814, for systems falling within the scope of Test Method E814. This test method is a fire-test-response standard.  
1.4 The types of building constructions which are part of this guide are as follows: floors, walls, partitions, floor/ceiling and roof/ceiling assemblies.  
1.5 This guide applies to:  
1.5.1 a single penetrating item, or  
1.5.2 multiple penetrating items.  
1.6 This guide does not apply to joints systems tested to Test Methods E119, E1966, E2307, and E2837.  
1.7 Penetrating items can be one of the following: metallic pipe, non-metallic pipe, metallic tubing, non-metallic tubing, metallic conduit, non-metallic conduit, flexible metal conduit, cables, cable trays, bus ducts, insulated pipes, insulated tubing, insulated conduit, insulated and non-insulated ducts, and structural members.    
Metallic pipe, tubing or conduit  
6.7  
Insulated pipe, tubing or conduit  
6.8  
Non-metallic pipe, tubing or conduit  
6.9 and 6.10  
Flexible metal conduit  
6.11.1.4 and 6....

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The methods and procedures set forth in this guide relate to the conduct and reporting of fire-resistance tests obtained from particular fire-resistance tested specimens tested using conditions different than those addressed by Test Methods E119.  
4.2 Data derived from fire tests conducted and reported under this guide are useful for general fire research and as potential input data for use in fire models.  
4.3 It is necessary that users of this guide have knowledge and understanding of the provisions of Test Methods E119, including those pertaining to conditions of acceptance in order to understand how the alternative test conditions relate to those specified in Test Methods E119.  
4.4 Users of this guide should be aware that tests conducted using exposure conditions different than those specified in Test Methods E119 do not provide or generate fire resistance ratings suitable for determining compliance with code or regulatory requirements.  
4.4.1 In Test Methods E119, standard test specimens are subjected to specific exposure conditions. Substitution of different exposure conditions can change the measured fire-test-response characteristics of a test specimen. Therefore, the data are valid for only the alternative exposure conditions used.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the conduct of fire-resistance tests using conditions different than those addressed in Test Methods E119. This guide also addresses the reporting of data derived from those tests.  
1.2 This guide does not provide or generate fire-resistance ratings suitable for determining compliance with code or regulatory requirements comparable to those resulting from tests conducted in accordance with Test Methods E119.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This guide is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are intended to evaluate the duration for which the types of building elements noted in 1.1 contain a fire, retain their structural integrity, or exhibit both properties during a predetermined test exposure.  
4.2 The test exposes a test specimen to a standard fire controlled to achieve specified temperatures throughout a specified time period. When required, the fire exposure is followed by the application of a specified standard fire hose stream applied in accordance with Practice E2226. The test provides a relative measure of the fire-test-response of comparable building elements under these fire exposure conditions. The exposure is not representative of all fire conditions because conditions vary with changes in the amount, nature and distribution of fire loading, ventilation, compartment size and configuration, and heat sink characteristics of the compartment. Variation from the test conditions or test specimen construction, such as size, materials, method of assembly, also affects the fire-test-response. For these reasons, evaluation of the variation is required for application to construction in the field.  
4.3 The test standard provides for the following:  
4.3.1 For walls, partitions, and floor or roof test specimens:
4.3.1.1 Measurement of the transmission of heat.
4.3.1.2 Measurement of the transmission of hot gases through the test specimen.
4.3.1.3 For loadbearing elements, measurement of the load carrying ability of the test specimen during the test exposure.  
4.3.2 For individual loadbearing members such as beams and columns:
4.3.2.1 Measurement of the load carrying ability under the test exposure with consideration for the end support conditions (that is, restrained or not restrained).  
4.4 The test standard does not provide the following:  
4.4.1 Information as to performance of test specimens constructed with components or lengths other than those tested.  
4.4.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the test sp...
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1.1 The test methods described in this fire-test-response standard are applicable to assemblies of masonry units and to composite assemblies of structural materials for buildings, including loadbearing and other walls and partitions, columns, girders, beams, slabs, and composite slab and beam assemblies for floors and roofs. They are also applicable to other assemblies and structural units that constitute permanent integral parts of a finished building.  
1.2 It is the intent that classifications shall register comparative performance to specific fire-test conditions during the period of exposure and shall not be construed as having determined suitability under other conditions or for use after fire exposure.  
1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.4 These test methods prescribe a standard fire exposure for comparing the test results of building construction assemblies. The results of these tests are one factor in assessing predicted fire performance of building construction and assemblies. Application of these test results to predict the performance of actual building construction requires the evaluation of test conditions.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to e...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are intended to provide a basis for evaluating the time period during which a beam, girder, column, or similar structural assembly, or a nonbearing wall, will continue to perform its intended function when subjected to a controlled, standardized fire exposure.  
5.1.1 In particular, the selected standard exposure condition simulates the condition of total continuous engulfment of a member or assembly in the luminous flame (fire plume) area of a large free-burning-fluid-hydrocarbon pool fire. The standard fire exposure is basically defined in terms of the total flux incident on the test specimen together with appropriate temperature conditions. Quantitative measurements of the thermal exposure (total heat flux) are required during both furnace calibration and actual testing.  
5.1.2 It is recognized that the thermodynamic properties of free-burning, hydrocarbon fluid pool fires have not been completely characterized and are variable depending on the size of the fire, the fuel, environmental factors (such as wind conditions), the physical relationship of the structural member to the exposing fire, and other factors. As a result, the exposure specified in these test methods is not necessarily representative of all the conditions that exist in large hydrocarbon pool fires. The specified standard exposure is based upon the best available information and testing technology. It provides a basis for comparing the relative performance of different assemblies under controlled conditions.  
5.1.3 Any variation to construction or conditions (that is, size, method of assembly, and materials) from that of the tested assembly is capable of substantially changing the performance characteristics of the assembly.  
5.2 Separate procedures are specified for testing column specimens with and without an applied superimposed load.  
5.2.1 The procedures for testing loaded columns stipulate that the load shall be applied axially. The applied load is to be the m...
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1.1 The test methods described in this fire-test-response standard are used for determining the fire-test response of columns, girders, beams or similar structural members, and fire-containment walls, of either homogeneous or composite construction, that are employed in HPI or other facilities subject to large hydrocarbon pool fires.  
1.2 It is the intent that tests conducted in accordance with these test methods will indicate whether structural members of assemblies, or fire-containment wall assemblies, will continue to perform their intended function during the period of fire exposure. These tests shall not be construed as having determined suitability for use after fire exposure.  
1.3 These test methods prescribe a standard fire exposure for comparing the relative performance of different structural and fire-containment wall assemblies under controlled laboratory conditions. The application of these test results to predict the performance of actual assemblies when exposed to large pool fires requires a careful engineering evaluation.  
1.4 These test methods provide for quantitative heat flux measurements during both the control calibration and the actual test. These heat flux measurements are being made to support the development of design fires and the use of fire safety engineering models to predict thermal exposure and material performance in a wide range of fire scenarios.  
1.5 These test methods are useful for testing other items such as piping, electrical circuits in conduit, floors or decks, and cable trays. Testing of these types of items requires development of appropriate specimen details and end-point or failure criteria. Such failure criteria and test specimen descriptions are not provided in these test methods.  
1.6 Limitations—These test methods do not provide the following:  
1.6.1 Full information on the performance of assemblies constructed with components or of dimensions other than those ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The methods and procedures set forth in this practice relate to the extension of the fire resistance ratings obtained from particular fire tested specimens to constructions that have not been tested.  
4.2 Users of this practice must have knowledge and understanding of the provisions of Test Method E119 including those pertaining to conditions of acceptance.  
4.3 In order to apply some of the principles described in this practice, reference to the original fire test report will be necessary.  
4.4 In Test Method E119, the specimens are subjected to specific laboratory fire test exposure conditions. Substitution of different test conditions or changes in the end use conditions have the ability to change the measured fire-test-response characteristics. Therefore, the extensions of data are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in Test Method E119,.
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1.1 This practice covers the extension of fire resistance ratings obtained from fire tests performed in accordance with Test Method E119 to constructions that have not been tested. Test Method E119 evaluates the duration for which test specimens will contain a fire, retain their standard integrity, or both during a predetermined test exposure.  
1.2 This practice is based on principles involving the extension of test data using simple considerations. The acceptance of these principles and their application is based substantially on an analogous worst case proposition.  
1.3 These principles are only applicable to temperature conditions represented by the standard time-temperature curve described in Test Method E119. Test Method E119 is a fire-test-response standard.  
1.4 The types of building constructions which are the subject of this practice are categorized as follows: beams; floor and roof assemblies; columns; and walls and partitions. Floor and roof assemblies include such assemblies with ceiling protective membranes.  
1.5 The extension of test data using numerical calculations based on empirical data or theoretical models is not covered in this practice.  
1.6 This practice does not cover the substitution of one proprietary material for another proprietary material, or materials for which fire test data are not presently available.  
1.7 This practice does not purport to be comprehensive in its treatment of non-proprietary modifications of tested constructions. Engineering evaluation or tests are recommended for assessing modifications not specifically covered in this practice.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.9 This standard is used to determine certain fire-test responses of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions by using results obtained from fire-test-response standards. The results obtained from using this standard do not by themselves constitute measures of fire hazard or fire risk.  
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are intended to evaluate the ability of the HVAC duct system and its supporting construction to do the following:  
5.1.1 Resist the effects of a standardized fire exposure, and  
5.1.2 Retain its integrity.  
5.2 These test methods provide for the following measurements and evaluations where applicable:  
5.2.1 Ability of the tested support system to carry the load of the HVAC duct and its fire-resistive material(s) during the entire duration of the standardized fire-engulfment test.  
5.2.2 Ability of the firestops to meet the requirements of Test Method E814 when used as part of a HVAC duct system.  
5.2.3 Ability of the HVAC duct system to resist the passage of flames and hot gases onto its unexposed surface during a standardized fire-resistance test.  
5.2.4 Transmission of heat through the HVAC duct system during a standardized fire-resistance test.  
5.2.5 Ability of the firestop to resist the passage of water during a standardized hose stream test.  
5.3 These test methods do not provide the following:  
5.3.1 Full information as to performance of the fire-resistive material, supporting construction, or the HVAC duct system constructed with components, densities, or dimensions other than those tested.  
5.3.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the fire-resistive material or HVAC duct system contributes to the fire hazard by generation of toxic gases, or other products of combustion.  
5.3.3 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the HVAC duct system.  
5.4 The test specimens are subjected to one or more specific tests under laboratory conditions. When different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by, or from, these test methods to predict changes to the characteristics measured. Therefore, the results of these laboratory tests are valid only for the exposure conditions described in these test m...
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Note 1: Use of the standard designation ISO 6944 refers to both ISO 6944:1985 and ISO 6944-1:2008.  
1.1 These test methods evaluate the fire-resistive metallic HVAC duct system’s fire resistance and fire-engulfment with horizontal and vertical through-penetration firestops.
Note 2: The intent of these test methods is to provide authorities having jurisdiction a means to evaluate the fire performance of HVAC duct systems to enable their application and use.  
1.2 These test methods evaluate the fire performance of HVAC ducts, including both supply (pressurized: Condition A – Horizontal and Condition B – Vertical) and return (exhaust: Condition C – Horizontal and Condition D – Vertical).  
1.3 These test methods evaluate the ability of a HVAC duct system to resist the spread of fire from one compartment to other compartments separated by a fire resistance rated construction when the HVAC duct system is exposed to fire under one or more of the following conditions:  
1.3.1 Condition A—Fire exposure from the outside of the horizontal HVAC duct system without openings,  
1.3.2 Condition B—Fire exposure from the outside of the vertical HVAC duct system without openings,  
1.3.3 Condition C—Fire exposure from the outside with hot gases entering the inside of the horizontal HVAC duct system with unprotected openings,
Note 3: Unprotected openings are openings that are not protected by fire dampers.  
1.3.4 Condition D—Fire exposure from the outside with hot gases entering the inside of the vertical HVAC duct system with unprotected openings.  
1.4 These test methods provide a means for determining the fire-resistance of vertical and horizontal HVAC duct systems, when subjected to the standard time-temperature curve of Test Methods E119.  
1.4.1 Condition A—These test methods provide a means for evaluating a horizontal HVAC duct system, without openings exposed to fire, passing through a vertical fire-separating ele...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are intended to evaluate the ability of the grease duct enclosure system to do the following:  
5.1.1 Resist the effects of a standardized fire exposure,  
5.1.2 Retain its integrity, or  
5.1.3 Exhibit both properties dependent upon the type of test assembly involved during a predetermined test exposure.  
5.2 These test methods provide for the following measurements and evaluations where applicable:  
5.2.1 Capability of the enclosure material to resist flaming (combustion) when exposed to 1382°F (750°C).  
5.2.2 Loadbearing ability of the tested support system and fastening system to carry the load of the grease duct enclosure system during a standardized fire-engulfment test.  
5.2.3 Ability of a fire stop to meet the requirements of Test Method E814 when used with a grease duct enclosure system.  
5.2.4 Ability of the enclosure material to resist the passage of flames and hot gases during a standardized fire resistance test and a standardized internal fire test.  
5.2.5 Transmission of heat through the grease duct and the enclosure material(s) during a standardized fire resistance test and a standardized internal fire test.  
5.2.6 Ability of the grease duct enclosure system to resist the passage of water during a standardized hose stream test.  
5.2.7 Comparative measurement of temperature aging of the enclosure material(s) when subjected to standardized cyclic thermal transmissions.  
5.3 These test methods do not provide the following:  
5.3.1 Full information as to performance of the enclosure material or the grease duct enclosure system constructed with components, densities, or dimensions other than those tested.  
5.3.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the enclosure material or grease duct enclosure system contributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion.  
5.3.3 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of smoke or products of combustion ...
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Note 1: The majority of this standard is based on the Model Building Code Evaluation Service2 Acceptance Criteria titled  ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR GREASE DUCT ENCLOSURE ASSEMBLIES, AC101, which was created in 1994. Numerous design listings and labeled materials exist based on the provisions of this standard.  
1.1 These test methods evaluate the enclosure materials and the grease duct enclosure systems using the following test methods: noncombustibility, fire resistance, durability, internal fire, and fire-engulfment with a through-penetration fire stop.  
1.2 These test methods prescribe a standardized fire exposure for comparing the test results of the enclosure materials and grease duct enclosure systems. The results of these tests are one factor in assessing predicted fire performance of grease duct enclosure systems. Using these test results to predict the performance of actual grease duct enclosure systems requires the evaluation of test conditions.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 The text of these test methods references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the fire test response standard.  
1.5 These test methods are used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.6 These test methods do not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of these test methods to establish appr...

ABSTRACT
This specification describes an approach for testing the fire resistance of concrete tunnel linings, fire-resistive materials, and structural tunnel members. It requires testing of both horizontal and vertical orientations and is limited to concrete mix design and fire-resistive materials, as well as the potential impact of environmental exposures (optional). A minimum of one fire test is required for each assembly, configuration, and orientation. For cases where the concrete mix design is intended to address the fire load independent of fire-resistive materials, the Spalling Test is applicable. For cases where standard or general concrete design mix is intended and protected by fire-resistive materials, the Fire-Resistive Material Test is applicable. For cases where both the concrete design mix and fire-resistive materials are combined to address the fire load, both test criteria are applicable but can be accomplished with one fire test for each assembly, configuration, and orientation. The test methods covered by this specification are used to determine the performance of tunnel construction elements with respect to exposure to a standard time-temperature fire test. The tests include surface burning test, environmental tests (optional: ground water test, road salt test, tunnel interior surface washing, spalling test, fire-resistive material test), and fire-resistive joint test.
This specification also covers the requirements for flame spread, control of fire tests for fire resistive materials, test specimen for fire resistive materials, conduct of test, overall conditions of acceptance, report, and precision and bias.
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1.1 This specification is applicable to the fire resistance of concrete tunnel linings, fire-resistive materials, and structural tunnel members.  
1.2 Concrete mix design, tunnel linings, and passive fire protection methods are specific to each tunnel project. Therefore results of the spalling test are only valid for the specific materials and systems employed during each test, notwithstanding maximum and minimum limitations.  
1.3 Tunnels are potentially exposed to ground water, even those passing through elevated terrain, such as mountains, road salt, and maintenance surface washing. Consideration shall be given to potential adverse effects that result, such as material degradation due to these exposures.  
1.4 Movement joints shall be considered and their impact on the overall fire resistance shall be assessed by testing. Tests shall be conducted as a system.  
1.5 This specification does not address mechanical attachment methods for equipment due to the vast variety of possible methods and loads. However, consideration shall be given to methods that appreciably affect the concrete temperature during the heating conditions. Consideration shall be given to a second test conducted with the attachment to evaluate the effect. The attachment test shall include the largest diameter anchor, the deepest installed anchor, and the largest load applied to the anchor. This requirement results in a single anchor being tested or multiple anchors being tested. If multiple anchors are required to be tested, then each shall be tested under its maximum load.  
1.6 This specification requires testing of both horizontal and vertical orientations. For fire-resistive materials, it is generally accepted that the horizontal orientation represents the worst case test scenario.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not, by itself, incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method evaluates, under the specified test conditions: (1) the ability of a fire resistive joint system to undergo movement without reducing the fire rating of the adjacent fire separating elements and (2) the duration for which test specimens will contain a fire and retain their integrity during a predetermined test exposure.  
5.2 This test method provides for the following measurements and evaluations where applicable:  
5.2.1 Capability of the joint system to movement cycle.  
5.2.2 Loadbearing capacity of the joint system.  
5.2.3 Ability of the joint system to prohibit the passage of flames and hot gases.  
5.2.4 Transmission of heat through the joint system.  
5.2.5 Ability of the joint system, that is an extension of a wall, to resist the passage of water during a hose stream test.  
5.3 This test method does not provide the following:  
5.3.1 Evaluation of the degree by which the joint system contributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion.  
5.3.2 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the joint system.  
5.3.3 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the joint system.
Note 1: The information in 5.3.1 – 5.3.3 may be determined by other suitable fire test methods. For example, 5.3.3 may be determined by Test Method E84.  
5.3.4 Evaluation of joints formed by the rated or non-rated exterior walls and the floors of the building.  
5.4 In this procedure, the test specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. When different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by, or from, this test method to predict changes to the characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the exposure conditions described in this test method.
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1.1 This fire-test-response test method measures the performance of joint systems designed to be used with fire rated floors and walls during a fire endurance test exposure. The fire endurance test end point is the period of time elapsing before the first performance criteria is reached when the joint system is subjected to one of two time-temperature fire exposures.  
1.2 The fire exposure conditions used are either those specified by Test Method E119 for testing assemblies to standard time-temperature exposures or Test Method E1529 for testing assemblies to rapid-temperature rise fires.  
1.3 This test method specifies the heating conditions, methods of test, and criteria for the evaluation of the ability of a joint system to maintain the fire resistance where hourly rated fire-separating elements meet.  
1.4 Test results establish the performance of joint systems during the fire-exposure period and shall not be construed as having determined the joint systems suitability for use after that exposure.  
1.5 This test method does not provide quantitative information about the joint system relative to the rate of leakage of smoke or gases or both. However, it requires that such phenomena be noted and reported when describing the general behavior of joint systems during the fire endurance test but is not part of the conditions of compliance.  
1.6 Potentially important factors and fire characteristics not addressed by this test method include, but are not limited to:  
1.6.1 The performance of the fire-resistive joint system constructed with components other than those tested.  
1.6.2 The cyclic movement capabilities of joint systems other than the cycling conditions tested.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. Th...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Use of this guide can be beneficial in determining the relative effectiveness of building systems as it relates to potential protection from passage of products of combustion between building spaces under both ambient and elevated temperatures.  
5.2 Determining the relative effectiveness of a building system to limit the total air leakage between building spaces is important in the evaluation and selection of potential construction components to meet desired performance requirements for a building.  
5.3 To properly assess the relative effectiveness of a building system’s total air leakage rate, a guide as to how to aggregate the individual component air leakage rates into a total air leakage rate for the building system is needed.  
5.4 It is the intent of this guide to provide a methodology for the conversion of individual component air leakage rates into common values that can be aggregated into a total air leakage rate for a building system, thus providing a means for establishing the relative effectiveness of various building systems to resist the passage of products of combustion.
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1.1 This guide provides a method of evaluating the relative effectiveness of building systems to resist the passage of smoke.  
1.2 The method of evaluating the relative effectiveness of a building system is based on the aggregation of leakage rates of openings, penetrations, joints, and interfaces of the construction elements forming the building system.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is intended to standardize the apparatus used and the method or pattern of application of a standard hose stream to building elements as one part of the assessment and fire resistance of building elements.  
4.1.1 This practice specifies the water pressure and duration of application of the hose stream to the test assembly.  
4.2 This practice is intended to be used only after a test assembly has completed a prescribed standard fire-resistance test.  
4.3 The practice exposes a test assembly to a standard hose stream under controlled laboratory conditions.  
4.3.1 Pass/fail criteria are defined in the appropriate fire test method.  
4.3.2 This exposure is not intended to replicate typical fire fighting operations or all applied or impact loads a system could be subjected to in field use and conditions.  
4.4 Any variation from tested conditions has the potential of substantially changing the performance characteristics determined by this practice.
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1.1 This practice is applicable to building elements required to be subjected to the impact, erosion, and cooling effects of a hose stream as part of a fire-test-response standard. Building elements include, but are not limited to, wall and partition assemblies, fire-resistive joint systems, and doors.  
1.2 This practice shall register performance of the building element under specific hose stream conditions. It shall not imply that, either after exposure or under other conditions, the structural capability of the building element is intact or that the building element is suitable for use.  
1.3 The result derived from this practice is one factor in assessing the integrity of building elements after fire exposure. The practice prescribes a standard hose stream exposure for comparing performance of building elements after fire exposure and evaluates various materials and construction techniques under common conditions.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes which provide explanatory material. These notes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice describes a procedure to gather data intended to measure the uniformity of exposure conditions upon test specimens for the fire test methods described in Test Methods E119, E814, E1529, E1725, E1966 and E2336. The collected data from furnaces are intended to form a basis for performance requirements for the furnaces described in the referenced standards.  
5.2 This practice does not include requirements for furnace performance.  
5.3 In this procedure, the standardized test specimen is subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this procedure to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire-test-exposure conditions described in this procedure.  
5.4 The attention of all persons connected with the conduct of this practice is drawn to the fact that fire testing is hazardous and that there is a possibility that harmful smoke and gases are developed during the test. There is also a possibility that mechanical and operational hazards develop during the construction of the test specimen and the disposal of the test residues. An assessment of all potential hazards and risks to health shall be made and safety precautions shall be identified and provided. Written safety instructions shall be issued. Appropriate training shall be provided to relevant personnel. Laboratory personnel shall ensure that they follow written safety instructions at all times.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard provides general principles for measuring the uniformity of the furnace exposure on specimens tested in accordance with Test Methods E119, E814, E1529, E1725, E1966 and E2336.  
1.2 This practice specifies the materials and the construction requirements for a standardized test specimen used to provide a mounting surface for the instrumentation that measures furnace exposure.  
1.3 The instrumentation records temperatures, pressure differentials, and oxygen content near the exposed surface of the test specimen.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.6 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides for the following measurements and evaluations:  
5.1.1 Movement capacity of the perimeter fire barrier.  
5.1.2 Loadbearing capacity of the perimeter joint protection is optional.  
5.1.3 Ability of the perimeter fire barrier to resist the passage of flames and hot gases.  
5.1.4 Transmission of heat through the perimeter fire barrier.  
5.2 This test method does not provide the following:  
5.2.1 Evaluation of the degree to which the perimeter fire barrier contributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion,  
5.2.2 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the perimeter fire barrier,
Note 1: This test method does not measure the quantity of smoke or hot gases through the floor assembly, the wall assembly, or the perimeter joint protection.  
5.2.3 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the perimeter fire barrier,
Note 2: The information in 5.2.1 through 5.2.3 are determined by other suitable fire test methods. For example, Test Method E84 is used to determine 5.2.3.  
5.2.4 Durability of the test specimen under actual service conditions, including the effects of cycled temperature,  
5.2.5 Effects of a load on the movement cycling of the perimeter fire barrier established by this test method,  
5.2.6 Rotational, vertical, and horizontal shear capabilities of the test specimen,  
5.2.7 Any other attributes of the test specimen, such as wear resistance, chemical resistance, air infiltration, water-tightness, and so forth, and  
5.2.8 A measurement of the capability of the test specimen to resist:
5.2.8.1 Flame propagation over the exterior faces of the test specimen,
5.2.8.2 Spread of flame within the combustible core component of the exterior wall assembly from one story to the next,
Note 3: Some exterior wall assemblies are made from sandwich panels, which use EPS foam or other similar ma...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the performance of the perimeter fire barrier and its ability to maintain a seal to prevent fire spread during the deflection and deformation of the exterior wall assembly and floor assembly during the fire test, while resisting fire exposure from an interior compartment fire as well as from the flame plume emitted from the window burner below. The end point of the fire-resistance test is the period of time elapsing before the first condition of compliance is reached as the perimeter fire barrier is subjected to a time-temperature fire exposure.  
1.2 The fire exposure conditions used are those specified by this test method for the first 30 min of exposure and then conform to the Test Methods E119 time-temperature curve for the remainder of the test in the test room.  
1.3 This test method specifies the heating conditions, methods of test, and criteria for evaluation of the ability of a perimeter fire barrier to maintain the fire resistance where a floor and exterior wall assembly are juxtaposed to a perimeter joint.  
1.4 Test results establish the performance of perimeter fire barriers during the fire-exposure period and shall not be construed as having determined the suitability of perimeter fire barriers for use after that exposure.  
1.5 This test method does not provide quantitative information about the perimeter fire barrier relative to the rate of leakage of smoke or gases or both. While it requires that such phenomena be noted and reported when describing the general behavior of perimeter fire barrier during the fire-resistance test, such phenomena are not part of the conditions of compliance.  
1.6 Potentially important factors and fire characteristics not addressed by this test method include, but are not limited to:  
1.6.1 The performance of the perimeter fire barrier constructed with components other than those tested, and  
1.6.2 The cyclic movement capabilities of per...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method evaluates the following under the specified test conditions:  
5.1.1 The ability of a test specimen to undergo movement without reducing its fire resistance rating, and  
5.1.2 The duration for which a test specimen will contain a fire and retain its integrity during a predetermined fire resistive test exposure.  
5.2 This test method provides for the following measurements and evaluations where applicable:  
5.2.1 Ability of the test specimen  to movement cycle.  
5.2.2 Ability of the test specimen  to prohibit the passage of flames and hot gases.  
5.2.3 Transmission of heat through the test specimen.  
5.2.4 Ability of the test specimen  to resist the passage of water during a hose stream test.  
5.3 This test method does not provide the following:  
5.3.1 Any information about the rated wall assembly because its performance has already been determined.  
5.3.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the test specimen contributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion.  
5.3.3 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the test specimen.  
5.3.4 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the test specimen.
Note 3: The information in 5.3.1 – 5.3.4 may be determined by other suitable fire resistive test methods. For example, 5.3.4 may be determined by Test Method E84.  
5.4 In this procedure, the test specimens are subjected to one or more specific tests under laboratory conditions. When different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by, or from, this test method to predict changes to the characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the exposure conditions described in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response test method measures the performance of a unique fire resistive joint system called a continuity head-of-wall joint system, which is designed to be used between a rated wall assembly and a nonrated horizontal assembly during a fire resistance test.  
1.2 This fire-test-response standard does not measure the performance of the following:  
1.2.1 The rated wall assembly, which is already established by other test methods, such as Test Method E119, or  
1.2.2 The nonrated horizontal assembly, which would be established by other test methods such as Test Method E119.
Note 1: Typically, rated wall assemblies obtain a fire resistance rating after being tested to Test Method E119, NFPA 251, UL 263, CAN/ULC-S101, or other similar fire resistive test methods.  
1.3 This fire-test-response standard is not intended to evaluate the connections between rated wall assemblies and nonrated horizontal assemblies  unless part of the continuity head-of-wall joint system.  
1.4 The fire resistive test end point is the period of time elapsing before the first performance criteria is reached when the continuity head-of-wall joint system is subjected to one of two time-temperature fire exposures.  
1.5 The fire exposure conditions used are either those specified by Test Method E119 for testing assemblies to standard time-temperature exposures or Test Method E1529 for testing assemblies to rapid-temperature rise fires.  
1.6 This test method specifies the heating conditions, methods of test, and criteria to establish a fire resistance rating only for a continuity head-of-wall joint system.  
1.7 Test results establish the performance of continuity head-of-wall joint systems to maintain continuity of fire resistance of the rated wall assembly where the continuity head-of-wall joint system interfaces with a nonrated horizontal assembly during the fire-exposure period.  
1.8 Test results shall not be construed as having determined the continuity head-of-wall joint system, nonrated horizontal assembly and the rated wall assembly’s suitability for use after that ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to determine the performance of a firestop system with respect to exposure to a standard time-temperature fire test and a hose stream test. The performance of a firestop system is dependent upon the specific assembly of materials tested including the number, type, and size of penetrations and the floors or walls in which it is installed.  
5.2 Two ratings shall be established for each firestop system. An F rating shall be based upon flame occurrence on the unexposed surface, while the T rating shall be based upon the temperature rise as well as flame occurrence on the unexposed side of the firestop system. These ratings, together with detailed performance data such as the location of through-openings and temperatures of penetrating items are intended to be one factor in assessing performance of firestop systems.
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1.1 This test method is applicable to firestop systems of various materials and construction. Firestop systems are intended for use in openings in fire-resistive walls and floors that are evaluated in accordance with Test Methods E119.  
1.2 Tests conducted in conformance with this test method record firestop system performance during the test exposure; but such tests shall not be construed to determine suitability of the firestop system for use after test exposure.  
1.3 This test method also measures the resistance of firestop systems to an external force stimulated by a hose stream. However, this test method shall not be construed as determining the performance of the firestop system during actual fire conditions when subjected to forces such as failure of cable support systems and falling debris.  
1.4 The intent of this test method is to develop data to assist others in determining the suitability of the firestops for use where fire resistance is required.  
1.5 This test method does not apply to membrane penetrations of a floor-ceiling assembly or roof-ceiling assembly that are tested as part of the assembly in accordance with Test Methods E119.  
1.6 This test method does not apply to membrane penetrations of load-bearing walls.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered requirements of the standard.  
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides for the following measurements and evaluations:  
5.1.1 Movement capacity of the perimeter fire barrier.  
5.1.2 Loadbearing capacity of the perimeter joint protection is optional.  
5.1.3 Ability of the perimeter fire barrier to resist the passage of flames and hot gases.  
5.1.4 Transmission of heat through the perimeter fire barrier.  
5.2 This test method does not provide the following:  
5.2.1 Evaluation of the degree to which the perimeter fire barrier contributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion,  
5.2.2 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the perimeter fire barrier,
Note 1: This test method does not measure the quantity of smoke or hot gases through the floor assembly, the wall assembly, or the perimeter joint protection.  
5.2.3 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the perimeter fire barrier,
Note 2: The information in 5.2.1 through 5.2.3 are determined by other suitable fire test methods. For example, Test Method E84 is used to determine 5.2.3.  
5.2.4 Durability of the test specimen under actual service conditions, including the effects of cycled temperature,  
5.2.5 Effects of a load on the movement cycling of the perimeter fire barrier established by this test method,  
5.2.6 Rotational, vertical, and horizontal shear capabilities of the test specimen,  
5.2.7 Any other attributes of the test specimen, such as wear resistance, chemical resistance, air infiltration, water-tightness, and so forth, and  
5.2.8 A measurement of the capability of the test specimen to resist:
5.2.8.1 Flame propagation over the exterior faces of the test specimen,
5.2.8.2 Spread of flame within the combustible core component of the exterior wall assembly from one story to the next,
Note 3: Some exterior wall assemblies are made from sandwich panels, which use EPS foam or other similar ma...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the performance of the perimeter fire barrier and its ability to maintain a seal to prevent fire spread during the deflection and deformation of the exterior wall assembly and floor assembly during the fire test, while resisting fire exposure from an interior compartment fire as well as from the flame plume emitted from the window burner below. The end point of the fire-resistance test is the period of time elapsing before the first condition of compliance is reached as the perimeter fire barrier is subjected to a time-temperature fire exposure.  
1.2 The fire exposure conditions used are those specified by this test method for the first 30 min of exposure and then conform to the Test Methods E119 time-temperature curve for the remainder of the test in the test room.  
1.3 This test method specifies the heating conditions, methods of test, and criteria for evaluation of the ability of a perimeter fire barrier to maintain the fire resistance where a floor and exterior wall assembly are juxtaposed to a perimeter joint.  
1.4 Test results establish the performance of perimeter fire barriers during the fire-exposure period and shall not be construed as having determined the suitability of perimeter fire barriers for use after that exposure.  
1.5 This test method does not provide quantitative information about the perimeter fire barrier relative to the rate of leakage of smoke or gases or both. While it requires that such phenomena be noted and reported when describing the general behavior of perimeter fire barrier during the fire-resistance test, such phenomena are not part of the conditions of compliance.  
1.6 Potentially important factors and fire characteristics not addressed by this test method include, but are not limited to:  
1.6.1 The performance of the perimeter fire barrier constructed with components other than those tested, and  
1.6.2 The cyclic movement capabilities of per...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The methods and procedures set forth in this guide relate to the extension of the fire test results to firestop systems that have not been tested.  
4.2 Users of this guide must have knowledge and understanding of the provisions of Test Method E119 and Test Method E814 including those pertaining to conditions of acceptance.  
4.3 In order to apply some of the principles described in this guide, reference to the original fire test report will be necessary.  
4.4 In Test Method E814, the specimens are subjected to specific laboratory fire test exposure conditions. Differences between the tested assembly and the as-built assembly impact the fire-test-response characteristics. Substitution of different test conditions also impacts the fire-test-response characteristics.  
4.5 The extension of data is valid only for the fire test exposure described in Test Method E814.  
4.6 This guide shall not be used to extrapolate the fire resistance rating to a higher value.  
4.7 Limitations:  
4.7.1 The extension of fire resistance data is to be used only for changes to the tested specimen that fall within normal and reasonable limits of accepted construction practices.  
4.7.2 Conclusions derived from using this guide are valid only if the identified change is the only change in the construction or properties of the components.  
4.7.3 Evaluation of changes to the fire-resistive assembly in which the firestop is installed is governed by the Extension of Data principles in Guide E2032.  
4.8 The statements in this guide are based on a single change to a system.
Note 2: It is possible that multiple changes have a different cumulative effect than that of individual changes evaluated separately. The principles contained herein may provide useful information for the application of sound engineering principles to evaluate the effect of multiple differences between tested and installed firestops.  
4.9 Extensions of data using this document shall be done by individuals...
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1.1 This guide covers the extension of results obtained from fire tests performed in accordance with Test Method E814 to applications that have not been tested. Test Method E814 evaluates the duration for which test specimens will contain a fire, retain their integrity, or both during a predetermined fire test exposure. Firestops are intended for use in fire-resistive walls and floors that are evaluated in conformance with Test Method E119.
Note 1: Data obtained from firestops tested in accordance with Test Methods E119 with positive pressure can also be used.  
1.2 This guide is based on principles involving the extension of test data using simple considerations. The acceptance of these principles and their application is based substantially on an analogous worst-case proposition.  
1.3 These principles are only applicable to temperature conditions represented by the standard time-temperature curve described in Test Method E814, for systems falling within the scope of Test Method E814. This test method is a fire-test-response standard.  
1.4 The types of building constructions which are part of this guide are as follows: floors, walls, partitions, floor/ceiling and roof/ceiling assemblies.  
1.5 This guide applies to:  
1.5.1 a single penetrating item, or  
1.5.2 multiple penetrating items.  
1.6 This guide does not apply to joints systems tested to E119, E1966, E2307, and E2837.  
1.7 Penetrating items can be one of the following: metallic pipe, non-metallic pipe, metallic tubing, non-metallic tubing, metallic conduit, non-metallic conduit, flexible metal conduit, cables, cable trays, bus ducts, insulated pipes, insulated tubing, insulated conduit, insulated and non-insulated ducts, and structural members.    
Metallic pipe, tubing or conduit  
6.7  
Insulated pipe, tubing or conduit  
6.8  
Non-metallic pipe, tubing or conduit  
6.9 and 6.10  
Flexible metal conduit  
6.11.1.4 and 6.11.1.5  
Ca...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are intended to evaluate the duration for which the types of building elements noted in 1.1 contain a fire, retain their structural integrity, or exhibit both properties during a predetermined test exposure.  
4.2 The test exposes a test specimen to a standard fire controlled to achieve specified temperatures throughout a specified time period. When required, the fire exposure is followed by the application of a specified standard fire hose stream applied in accordance with Practice E2226. The test provides a relative measure of the fire-test-response of comparable building elements under these fire exposure conditions. The exposure is not representative of all fire conditions because conditions vary with changes in the amount, nature and distribution of fire loading, ventilation, compartment size and configuration, and heat sink characteristics of the compartment. Variation from the test conditions or test specimen construction, such as size, materials, method of assembly, also affects the fire-test-response. For these reasons, evaluation of the variation is required for application to construction in the field.  
4.3 The test standard provides for the following:  
4.3.1 For walls, partitions, and floor or roof test specimens:
4.3.1.1 Measurement of the transmission of heat.
4.3.1.2 Measurement of the transmission of hot gases through the test specimen.
4.3.1.3 For loadbearing elements, measurement of the load carrying ability of the test specimen during the test exposure.  
4.3.2 For individual loadbearing members such as beams and columns:
4.3.2.1 Measurement of the load carrying ability under the test exposure with consideration for the end support conditions (that is, restrained or not restrained).  
4.4 The test standard does not provide the following:  
4.4.1 Information as to performance of test specimens constructed with components or lengths other than those tested.  
4.4.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the test sp...
SCOPE
1.1 The test methods described in this fire-test-response standard are applicable to assemblies of masonry units and to composite assemblies of structural materials for buildings, including loadbearing and other walls and partitions, columns, girders, beams, slabs, and composite slab and beam assemblies for floors and roofs. They are also applicable to other assemblies and structural units that constitute permanent integral parts of a finished building.  
1.2 It is the intent that classifications shall register comparative performance to specific fire-test conditions during the period of exposure and shall not be construed as having determined suitability under other conditions or for use after fire exposure.  
1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.4 These test methods prescribe a standard fire exposure for comparing the test results of building construction assemblies. The results of these tests are one factor in assessing predicted fire performance of building construction and assemblies. Application of these test results to predict the performance of actual building construction requires the evaluation of test conditions.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides for the following measurements and evaluations:  
5.1.1 Movement capacity of the perimeter fire barrier.  
5.1.2 Loadbearing capacity of the perimeter joint protection is optional.  
5.1.3 Ability of the perimeter fire barrier to resist the passage of flames and hot gases.  
5.1.4 Transmission of heat through the perimeter fire barrier.  
5.2 This test method does not provide the following:  
5.2.1 Evaluation of the degree to which the perimeter fire barrier contributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion,  
5.2.2 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the perimeter fire barrier,
Note 1: This test method does not measure the quantity of smoke or hot gases through the floor assembly, the wall assembly, or the perimeter joint protection.  
5.2.3 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the perimeter fire barrier,
Note 2: The information in 5.2.1 through 5.2.3 are determined by other suitable fire test methods. For example, Test Method E84 is used to determine 5.2.3.  
5.2.4 Durability of the test specimen under actual service conditions, including the effects of cycled temperature,  
5.2.5 Effects of a load on the movement cycling of the perimeter fire barrier established by this test method,  
5.2.6 Rotational, vertical, and horizontal shear capabilities of the test specimen,  
5.2.7 Any other attributes of the test specimen, such as wear resistance, chemical resistance, air infiltration, water-tightness, and so forth, and  
5.2.8 A measurement of the capability of the test specimen to resist:
5.2.8.1 Flame propagation over the exterior faces of the test specimen,
5.2.8.2 Spread of flame within the combustible core component of the exterior wall assembly from one story to the next,
Note 3: Some exterior wall assemblies are made from sandwich panels, which use EPS foam or other similar ma...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the performance of the perimeter fire barrier and its ability to maintain a seal to prevent fire spread during the deflection and deformation of the exterior wall assembly and floor assembly during the fire test, while resisting fire exposure from an interior compartment fire as well as from the flame plume emitted from the window burner below. The end point of the fire-resistance test is the period of time elapsing before the first condition of compliance is reached as the perimeter fire barrier is subjected to a time-temperature fire exposure.  
1.2 The fire exposure conditions used are those specified by this test method for the first 30 min of exposure and then conform to the Test Methods E119 time-temperature curve for the remainder of the test in the test room.  
1.3 This test method specifies the heating conditions, methods of test, and criteria for evaluation of the ability of a perimeter fire barrier to maintain the fire resistance where a floor and exterior wall assembly are juxtaposed to a perimeter joint.  
1.4 Test results establish the performance of perimeter fire barriers during the fire-exposure period and shall not be construed as having determined the suitability of perimeter fire barriers for use after that exposure.  
1.5 This test method does not provide quantitative information about the perimeter fire barrier relative to the rate of leakage of smoke or gases or both. While it requires that such phenomena be noted and reported when describing the general behavior of perimeter fire barrier during the fire-resistance test, such phenomena are not part of the conditions of compliance.  
1.6 Potentially important factors and fire characteristics not addressed by this test method include, but are not limited to:  
1.6.1 The performance of the perimeter fire barrier constructed with components other than those tested, and  
1.6.2 The cyclic movement capabilities of per...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are intended to evaluate the ability of the HVAC duct system and its supporting construction to do the following:  
5.1.1 Resist the effects of a standardized fire exposure, and  
5.1.2 Retain its integrity.  
5.2 These test methods provide for the following measurements and evaluations where applicable:  
5.2.1 Ability of the tested support system to carry the load of the HVAC duct and its fire-resistive material(s) during the entire duration of the standardized fire-engulfment test.  
5.2.2 Ability of the firestops to meet the requirements of Test Method E814 when used as part of a HVAC duct system.  
5.2.3 Ability of the HVAC duct system to resist the passage of flames and hot gases onto its unexposed surface during a standardized fire-resistance test.  
5.2.4 Transmission of heat through the HVAC duct system during a standardized fire-resistance test.  
5.2.5 Ability of the firestop to resist the passage of water during a standardized hose stream test.  
5.3 These test methods do not provide the following:  
5.3.1 Full information as to performance of the fire-resistive material, supporting construction, or the HVAC duct system constructed with components, densities, or dimensions other than those tested.  
5.3.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the fire-resistive material or HVAC duct system contributes to the fire hazard by generation of toxic gases, or other products of combustion.  
5.3.3 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the HVAC duct system.  
5.4 The test specimens are subjected to one or more specific tests under laboratory conditions. When different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by, or from, these test methods to predict changes to the characteristics measured. Therefore, the results of these laboratory tests are valid only for the exposure conditions described in these test m...
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Note 1: Use of the standard designation ISO 6944 refers to both ISO 6944:1985 and ISO 6944-1:2008.  
1.1 These test methods evaluate the fire-resistive metallic HVAC duct system’s fire resistance and fire-engulfment with horizontal and vertical through-penetration firestops.
Note 2: The intent of these test methods is to provide authorities having jurisdiction a means to evaluate the fire performance of HVAC duct systems to enable their application and use.  
1.2 These test methods evaluate the fire performance of HVAC ducts, including both supply (pressurized: Condition A – Horizontal and Condition B – Vertical) and return (exhaust: Condition C – Horizontal and Condition D – Vertical).  
1.3 These test methods evaluate the ability of a HVAC duct system to resist the spread of fire from one compartment to other compartments separated by a fire resistance rated construction when the HVAC duct system is exposed to fire under one or more of the following conditions:  
1.3.1 Condition A—Fire exposure from the outside of the horizontal HVAC duct system without openings,  
1.3.2 Condition B—Fire exposure from the outside of the vertical HVAC duct system without openings,  
1.3.3 Condition C—Fire exposure from the outside with hot gases entering the inside of the horizontal HVAC duct system with unprotected openings,
Note 3: Unprotected openings are openings that are not protected by fire dampers.  
1.3.4 Condition D—Fire exposure from the outside with hot gases entering the inside of the vertical HVAC duct system with unprotected openings.  
1.4 These test methods provide a means for determining the fire-resistance of vertical and horizontal HVAC duct systems, when subjected to the standard time-temperature curve of Test Methods E119.  
1.4.1 Condition A—These test methods provide a means for evaluating a horizontal HVAC duct system, without openings exposed to fire, passing through a vertical fire-separating ele...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are intended to evaluate the duration for which the types of building elements noted in 1.1 contain a fire, retain their structural integrity, or exhibit both properties during a predetermined test exposure.  
4.2 The test exposes a test specimen to a standard fire controlled to achieve specified temperatures throughout a specified time period. When required, the fire exposure is followed by the application of a specified standard fire hose stream applied in accordance with Practice E2226. The test provides a relative measure of the fire-test-response of comparable building elements under these fire exposure conditions. The exposure is not representative of all fire conditions because conditions vary with changes in the amount, nature and distribution of fire loading, ventilation, compartment size and configuration, and heat sink characteristics of the compartment. Variation from the test conditions or test specimen construction, such as size, materials, method of assembly, also affects the fire-test-response. For these reasons, evaluation of the variation is required for application to construction in the field.  
4.3 The test standard provides for the following:  
4.3.1 For walls, partitions, and floor or roof test specimens:
4.3.1.1 Measurement of the transmission of heat.
4.3.1.2 Measurement of the transmission of hot gases through the test specimen.
4.3.1.3 For loadbearing elements, measurement of the load carrying ability of the test specimen during the test exposure.  
4.3.2 For individual loadbearing members such as beams and columns:
4.3.2.1 Measurement of the load carrying ability under the test exposure with consideration for the end support conditions (that is, restrained or not restrained).  
4.4 The test standard does not provide the following:  
4.4.1 Information as to performance of test specimens constructed with components or lengths other than those tested.  
4.4.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the test sp...
SCOPE
1.1 The test methods described in this fire-test-response standard are applicable to assemblies of masonry units and to composite assemblies of structural materials for buildings, including loadbearing and other walls and partitions, columns, girders, beams, slabs, and composite slab and beam assemblies for floors and roofs. They are also applicable to other assemblies and structural units that constitute permanent integral parts of a finished building.  
1.2 It is the intent that classifications shall register comparative performance to specific fire-test conditions during the period of exposure and shall not be construed as having determined suitability under other conditions or for use after fire exposure.  
1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.4 These test methods prescribe a standard fire exposure for comparing the test results of building construction assemblies. The results of these tests are one factor in assessing predicted fire performance of building construction and assemblies. Application of these test results to predict the performance of actual building construction requires the evaluation of test conditions.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides for the following measurements and evaluations:  
5.1.1 Movement capacity of the perimeter fire barrier.  
5.1.2 Loadbearing capacity of the perimeter joint protection is optional.  
5.1.3 Ability of the perimeter fire barrier to resist the passage of flames and hot gases.  
5.1.4 Transmission of heat through the perimeter fire barrier.  
5.2 This test method does not provide the following:  
5.2.1 Evaluation of the degree to which the perimeter fire barrier contributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion,  
5.2.2 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the perimeter fire barrier,
Note 1: This test method does not measure the quantity of smoke or hot gases through the floor assembly, the wall assembly, or the perimeter joint protection.  
5.2.3 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the perimeter fire barrier,
Note 2: The information in 5.2.1 through 5.2.3 are determined by other suitable fire test methods. For example, Test Method E84 is used to determine 5.2.3.  
5.2.4 Durability of the test specimen under actual service conditions, including the effects of cycled temperature,  
5.2.5 Effects of a load on the movement cycling of the perimeter fire barrier established by this test method,  
5.2.6 Rotational, vertical, and horizontal shear capabilities of the test specimen,  
5.2.7 Any other attributes of the test specimen, such as wear resistance, chemical resistance, air infiltration, water-tightness, and so forth, and  
5.2.8 A measurement of the capability of the test specimen to resist:
5.2.8.1 Flame propagation over the exterior faces of the test specimen,
5.2.8.2 Spread of flame within the combustible core component of the exterior wall assembly from one story to the next,
Note 3: Some exterior wall assemblies are made from sandwich panels, which use EPS foam or other similar ma...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the performance of the perimeter fire barrier and its ability to maintain a seal to prevent fire spread during the deflection and deformation of the exterior wall assembly and floor assembly during the fire test, while resisting fire exposure from an interior compartment fire as well as from the flame plume emitted from the window burner below. The end point of the fire-resistance test is the period of time elapsing before the first condition of compliance is reached as the perimeter fire barrier is subjected to a time-temperature fire exposure.  
1.2 The fire exposure conditions used are those specified by this test method for the first 30 min of exposure and then conform to the Test Methods E119 time-temperature curve for the remainder of the test in the test room.  
1.3 This test method specifies the heating conditions, methods of test, and criteria for evaluation of the ability of a perimeter fire barrier to maintain the fire resistance where a floor and exterior wall assembly are juxtaposed to a perimeter joint.  
1.4 Test results establish the performance of perimeter fire barriers during the fire-exposure period and shall not be construed as having determined the suitability of perimeter fire barriers for use after that exposure.  
1.5 This test method does not provide quantitative information about the perimeter fire barrier relative to the rate of leakage of smoke or gases or both. While it requires that such phenomena be noted and reported when describing the general behavior of perimeter fire barrier during the fire-resistance test, such phenomena are not part of the conditions of compliance.  
1.6 Potentially important factors and fire characteristics not addressed by this test method include, but are not limited to:  
1.6.1 The performance of the perimeter fire barrier constructed with components other than those tested, and  
1.6.2 The cyclic movement capabilities of per...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These fire-test-response test methods evaluate, under the specified test conditions, the ability of a fire-resistive barrier system to inhibit thermal transmission to the electrical system component within.  
4.2 In these procedures, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from these test methods to predict changes in the fire test response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in these procedures.  
4.3 These test methods provide a measurement of the transmission of heat to the electrical system components within the barrier system.  
4.4 These test methods provide qualification of a fireresistive barrier system as one element of an electrical system designed to maintain continuous operation of critical functions and processes for a specific fire resistance rating.  
4.4.1 In addition to the temperature data provided by these test methods, numerous other factors, such as referenced in 1.4 shall be considered in specifying such a system.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover fire-test-response.  
1.2 These fire-test-response test methods provide information on the temperatures recorded on the electrical system component within a fire-resistive barrier system during the period of exposure.  
1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.4 Potentially important factors and fire characteristics not addressed by these test methods include, but are not limited to:  
1.4.1 The performance of the fire-resistive barrier system constructed with components other than those tested.  
1.4.2 An evaluation of the functionality of the electrical system within the fire-resistive barrier system.  
1.4.3 An evaluation of the ampacity of the electrical system within the fire-resistive barrier system.  
1.4.4 An evaluation of the smoke, toxic gases, corrosivity, or other products of heating.  
1.4.5 A measurement of the flame spread characteristics over the surface of the fire-resistive barrier system.  
1.4.6 An evaluation of through-penetration sealing methods.
Note 1: Refer to Test Method E814 for testing of firestop systems.  
1.4.7 Combustibility of materials in the fire-resistive barrier system or of the electrical system components.  
1.4.8 The need for supports beyond those normally required.  
1.4.9 Environmental conditions in the area of service.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice describes a procedure to gather data intended to measure the uniformity of exposure conditions upon test specimens for the fire test methods described in Test Methods E119, E814, E1529, E1725, E1966 and E2336. The collected data from furnaces are intended to form a basis for performance requirements for the furnaces described in the referenced standards.  
5.2 This practice does not include requirements for furnace performance.  
5.3 In this procedure, the standardized test specimen is subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this procedure to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire-test-exposure conditions described in this procedure.  
5.4 The attention of all persons connected with the conduct of this practice is drawn to the fact that fire testing is hazardous and that there is a possibility that harmful smoke and gases are developed during the test. There is also a possibility that mechanical and operational hazards develop during the construction of the test specimen and the disposal of the test residues. An assessment of all potential hazards and risks to health shall be made and safety precautions shall be identified and provided. Written safety instructions shall be issued. Appropriate training shall be provided to relevant personnel. Laboratory personnel shall ensure that they follow written safety instructions at all times.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard provides general principles for measuring the uniformity of the furnace exposure on specimens tested in accordance with Test Methods E119, E814, E1529, E1725, E1966 and E2336.  
1.2 This practice specifies the materials and the construction requirements for a standardized test specimen used to provide a mounting surface for the instrumentation that measures furnace exposure.  
1.3 The instrumentation records temperatures, pressure differentials, and oxygen content near the surface of the test specimen.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.6 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is intended to standardize the apparatus used and the method or pattern of application of a standard hose stream to building elements as one part of the assessment and fire resistance of building elements.  
4.1.1 This practice specifies the water pressure and duration of application of the hose stream to the test assembly.  
4.2 This practice is intended to be used only after a test assembly has completed a prescribed standard fire-resistance test.  
4.3 The practice exposes a test assembly to a standard hose stream under controlled laboratory conditions.  
4.3.1 Pass/fail criteria are defined in the appropriate fire test method.  
4.3.2 This exposure is not intended to replicate typical fire fighting operations or all applied or impact loads a system could be subjected to in field use and conditions.  
4.4 Any variation from tested conditions has the potential of substantially changing the performance characteristics determined by this practice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is applicable to building elements required to be subjected to the impact, erosion, and cooling effects of a hose stream as part of a fire-test-response standard. Building elements include, but are not limited to, wall and partition assemblies, fire-resistive joint systems, and doors.  
1.2 This practice shall register performance of the building element under specific hose stream conditions. It shall not imply that, either after exposure or under other conditions, the structural capability of the building element is intact or that the building element is suitable for use.  
1.3 The result derived from this practice is one factor in assessing the integrity of building elements after fire exposure. The practice prescribes a standard hose stream exposure for comparing performance of building elements after fire exposure and evaluates various materials and construction techniques under common conditions.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes which provide explanatory material. These notes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides for the following measurements and evaluations:  
5.1.1 Ability of the spandrel-panel assembly to resist the passage of flames or hot gases sufficient to ignite a cotton pad, or be visible to an observer.  
5.1.2 Transmission of heat through, and above, the spandrel-panel assembly using heat flux and unexposed surface temperature measurements.  
5.2 This test method does not provide the following:  
5.2.1 This test method does not evaluate the fire propagation characteristics of exterior nonload-bearing wall assemblies containing combustible components, or flame spread over the test assembly.  
5.2.2 This test method does not evaluate the fire-test-response characteristics of the perimeter joint protection between the floor assembly and the exterior wall assembly. This is covered in Test Method E2307.  
5.2.3 Evaluation of the degree to which the spandrel-panel assembly contributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion,  
5.2.4 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the spandrel-panel assembly,  
5.2.5 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the spandrel-panel assembly or exterior wall assembly,  
5.2.6 Durability of the test specimen under actual service conditions, including the effects of cycled temperature,  
5.2.7 Effects of loads (for example, wind, seismic, etc.) on the spandrel-panel assembly established by this test method,  
5.2.8 Movement capabilities of the test specimen,  
5.2.9 Other attributes of the test specimen, such as wear resistance, chemical resistance, air infiltration, water-tightness, and so forth, and  
5.2.10 Lateral spread of flame from the compartment of fire origin to adjacent spaces.  
5.3 In this test method, the test specimens are subjected to one or more specific test conditions. When different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed,...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method evaluates the fire-test response characteristics of a spandrel-panel assembly spanning the intersection of a floor assembly.  
1.2 This test method is used to assess the spandrel-panel assembly’s ability to impede spread of fire to the interior of the room or the story immediately above it via fire spread from the exterior of a building, and provide a quantitative measure of the fire hazard in terms of an I-Rating, T-Rating, and F-Rating from a specified set of fire conditions involving specific materials, products, or assemblies.  
1.3 This test evaluates the performance of the portions of the exterior wall installed between vertically adjacent window openings in multi-story buildings.  
1.4 This test method addresses the potential for fire spread to a single story immediately above the room of fire origin.  
1.5 The test method simulates a fire in a post-flashover condition in a compartment that is venting to the exterior through a window opening.  
1.6 The fire exposure conditions within the test room are those specified by this test method for the first 30 min of exposure and then conform to Test Methods E119 time-temperature curve for the remainder of the test. The fire exposure on the exterior surface of the test specimen comprises both the exposure from the fire plume exiting the window opening of the test room and the exterior burner, although the fire exposure on the exterior surface of the test assembly is not equivalent to that of Test Methods E119.  
1.7 This test method specifies the heating conditions, methods of test, and criteria for evaluation of a building’s spandrel-panel assembly. Specimens are not tested using any super-imposed axial load.  
1.8 Test results establish the performance of the spandrel-panel assembly during the fire-exposure period and shall not be construed as having determined the suitability of a spandrel-panel assembly for use after that exposure.  
1.9 ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are intended to evaluate the duration for which the types of building elements noted in 1.1 contain a fire, retain their structural integrity, or exhibit both properties during a predetermined test exposure.  
4.2 The test exposes a test specimen to a standard fire controlled to achieve specified temperatures throughout a specified time period. When required, the fire exposure is followed by the application of a specified standard fire hose stream applied in accordance with Practice E2226. The test provides a relative measure of the fire-test-response of comparable building elements under these fire exposure conditions. The exposure is not representative of all fire conditions because conditions vary with changes in the amount, nature and distribution of fire loading, ventilation, compartment size and configuration, and heat sink characteristics of the compartment. Variation from the test conditions or test specimen construction, such as size, materials, method of assembly, also affects the fire-test-response. For these reasons, evaluation of the variation is required for application to construction in the field.  
4.3 The test standard provides for the following:  
4.3.1 For walls, partitions, and floor or roof test specimens:
4.3.1.1 Measurement of the transmission of heat.
4.3.1.2 Measurement of the transmission of hot gases through the test specimen.
4.3.1.3 For loadbearing elements, measurement of the load carrying ability of the test specimen during the test exposure.  
4.3.2 For individual loadbearing members such as beams and columns:
4.3.2.1 Measurement of the load carrying ability under the test exposure with consideration for the end support conditions (that is, restrained or not restrained).  
4.4 The test standard does not provide the following:  
4.4.1 Information as to performance of test specimens constructed with components or lengths other than those tested.  
4.4.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the test sp...
SCOPE
1.1 The test methods described in this fire-test-response standard are applicable to assemblies of masonry units and to composite assemblies of structural materials for buildings, including loadbearing and other walls and partitions, columns, girders, beams, slabs, and composite slab and beam assemblies for floors and roofs. They are also applicable to other assemblies and structural units that constitute permanent integral parts of a finished building.  
1.2 It is the intent that classifications shall register comparative performance to specific fire-test conditions during the period of exposure and shall not be construed as having determined suitability under other conditions or for use after fire exposure.  
1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.4 These test methods prescribe a standard fire exposure for comparing the test results of building construction assemblies. The results of these tests are one factor in assessing predicted fire performance of building construction and assemblies. Application of these test results to predict the performance of actual building construction requires the evaluation of test conditions.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are intended to evaluate the duration for which the types of building elements noted in 1.1 contain a fire, retain their structural integrity, or exhibit both properties during a predetermined test exposure.  
4.2 The test exposes a test specimen to a standard fire controlled to achieve specified temperatures throughout a specified time period. When required, the fire exposure is followed by the application of a specified standard fire hose stream applied in accordance with Practice E2226. The test provides a relative measure of the fire-test-response of comparable building elements under these fire exposure conditions. The exposure is not representative of all fire conditions because conditions vary with changes in the amount, nature and distribution of fire loading, ventilation, compartment size and configuration, and heat sink characteristics of the compartment. Variation from the test conditions or test specimen construction, such as size, materials, method of assembly, also affects the fire-test-response. For these reasons, evaluation of the variation is required for application to construction in the field.  
4.3 The test standard provides for the following:  
4.3.1 For walls, partitions, and floor or roof test specimens:
4.3.1.1 Measurement of the transmission of heat.
4.3.1.2 Measurement of the transmission of hot gases through the test specimen.
4.3.1.3 For loadbearing elements, measurement of the load carrying ability of the test specimen during the test exposure.  
4.3.2 For individual loadbearing members such as beams and columns:
4.3.2.1 Measurement of the load carrying ability under the test exposure with consideration for the end support conditions (that is, restrained or not restrained).  
4.4 The test standard does not provide the following:  
4.4.1 Information as to performance of test specimens constructed with components or lengths other than those tested.  
4.4.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the test sp...
SCOPE
1.1 The test methods described in this fire-test-response standard are applicable to assemblies of masonry units and to composite assemblies of structural materials for buildings, including loadbearing and other walls and partitions, columns, girders, beams, slabs, and composite slab and beam assemblies for floors and roofs. They are also applicable to other assemblies and structural units that constitute permanent integral parts of a finished building.  
1.2 It is the intent that classifications shall register comparative performance to specific fire-test conditions during the period of exposure and shall not be construed as having determined suitability under other conditions or for use after fire exposure.  
1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.4 These test methods prescribe a standard fire exposure for comparing the test results of building construction assemblies. The results of these tests are one factor in assessing predicted fire performance of building construction and assemblies. Application of these test results to predict the performance of actual building construction requires the evaluation of test conditions.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are intended to evaluate the duration for which the types of building elements noted in 1.1 contain a fire, retain their structural integrity, or exhibit both properties during a predetermined test exposure.  
4.2 The test exposes a test specimen to a standard fire controlled to achieve specified temperatures throughout a specified time period. When required, the fire exposure is followed by the application of a specified standard fire hose stream applied in accordance with Practice E2226. The test provides a relative measure of the fire-test-response of comparable building elements under these fire exposure conditions. The exposure is not representative of all fire conditions because conditions vary with changes in the amount, nature and distribution of fire loading, ventilation, compartment size and configuration, and heat sink characteristics of the compartment. Variation from the test conditions or test specimen construction, such as size, materials, method of assembly, also affects the fire-test-response. For these reasons, evaluation of the variation is required for application to construction in the field.  
4.3 The test standard provides for the following:  
4.3.1 For walls, partitions, and floor or roof test specimens:
4.3.1.1 Measurement of the transmission of heat.
4.3.1.2 Measurement of the transmission of hot gases through the test specimen.
4.3.1.3 For loadbearing elements, measurement of the load carrying ability of the test specimen during the test exposure.  
4.3.2 For individual loadbearing members such as beams and columns:
4.3.2.1 Measurement of the load carrying ability under the test exposure with consideration for the end support conditions (that is, restrained or not restrained).  
4.4 The test standard does not provide the following:  
4.4.1 Information as to performance of test specimens constructed with components or lengths other than those tested.  
4.4.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the test sp...
SCOPE
1.1 The test methods described in this fire-test-response standard are applicable to assemblies of masonry units and to composite assemblies of structural materials for buildings, including loadbearing and other walls and partitions, columns, girders, beams, slabs, and composite slab and beam assemblies for floors and roofs. They are also applicable to other assemblies and structural units that constitute permanent integral parts of a finished building.  
1.2 It is the intent that classifications shall register comparative performance to specific fire-test conditions during the period of exposure and shall not be construed as having determined suitability under other conditions or for use after fire exposure.  
1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.4 These test methods prescribe a standard fire exposure for comparing the test results of building construction assemblies. The results of these tests are one factor in assessing predicted fire performance of building construction and assemblies. Application of these test results to predict the performance of actual building construction requires the evaluation of test conditions.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are intended to evaluate the duration for which the types of building elements noted in 1.1 contain a fire, retain their structural integrity, or exhibit both properties during a predetermined test exposure.  
4.2 The test exposes a test specimen to a standard fire controlled to achieve specified temperatures throughout a specified time period. When required, the fire exposure is followed by the application of a specified standard fire hose stream applied in accordance with Practice E2226. The test provides a relative measure of the fire-test-response of comparable building elements under these fire exposure conditions. The exposure is not representative of all fire conditions because conditions vary with changes in the amount, nature and distribution of fire loading, ventilation, compartment size and configuration, and heat sink characteristics of the compartment. Variation from the test conditions or test specimen construction, such as size, materials, method of assembly, also affects the fire-test-response. For these reasons, evaluation of the variation is required for application to construction in the field.  
4.3 The test standard provides for the following:  
4.3.1 For walls, partitions, and floor or roof test specimens:
4.3.1.1 Measurement of the transmission of heat.
4.3.1.2 Measurement of the transmission of hot gases through the test specimen.
4.3.1.3 For loadbearing elements, measurement of the load carrying ability of the test specimen during the test exposure.  
4.3.2 For individual loadbearing members such as beams and columns:
4.3.2.1 Measurement of the load carrying ability under the test exposure with consideration for the end support conditions (that is, restrained or not restrained).  
4.4 The test standard does not provide the following:  
4.4.1 Information as to performance of test specimens constructed with components or lengths other than those tested.  
4.4.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the test sp...
SCOPE
1.1 The test methods described in this fire-test-response standard are applicable to assemblies of masonry units and to composite assemblies of structural materials for buildings, including loadbearing and other walls and partitions, columns, girders, beams, slabs, and composite slab and beam assemblies for floors and roofs. They are also applicable to other assemblies and structural units that constitute permanent integral parts of a finished building.  
1.2 It is the intent that classifications shall register comparative performance to specific fire-test conditions during the period of exposure and shall not be construed as having determined suitability under other conditions or for use after fire exposure.  
1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.4 These test methods prescribe a standard fire exposure for comparing the test results of building construction assemblies. The results of these tests are one factor in assessing predicted fire performance of building construction and assemblies. Application of these test results to predict the performance of actual building construction requires the evaluation of test conditions.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are intended to evaluate the ability of the HVAC duct system and its supporting construction to do the following:  
5.1.1 Resist the effects of a standardized fire exposure, and  
5.1.2 Retain its integrity.  
5.2 These test methods provide for the following measurements and evaluations where applicable:  
5.2.1 Ability of the tested support system to carry the load of the HVAC duct and its fire-resistive material(s) during the entire duration of the standardized fire-engulfment test.  
5.2.2 Ability of the firestops to meet the requirements of Test Method E814 when used as part of a HVAC duct system.  
5.2.3 Ability of the HVAC duct system to resist the passage of flames and hot gases onto its unexposed surface during a standardized fire-resistance test.  
5.2.4 Transmission of heat through the HVAC duct system during a standardized fire-resistance test.  
5.2.5 Ability of the firestop to resist the passage of water during a standardized hose stream test.  
5.3 These test methods do not provide the following:  
5.3.1 Full information as to performance of the fire-resistive material, supporting construction, or the HVAC duct system constructed with components, densities, or dimensions other than those tested.  
5.3.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the fire-resistive material or HVAC duct system contributes to the fire hazard by generation of toxic gases, or other products of combustion.  
5.3.3 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the HVAC duct system.  
5.4 The test specimens are subjected to one or more specific tests under laboratory conditions. When different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by, or from, these test methods to predict changes to the characteristics measured. Therefore, the results of these laboratory tests are valid only for the exposure conditions described in these test m...
SCOPE
Note 1: Use of the standard designation ISO 6944 refers to both ISO 6944:1985 and ISO 6944-1:2008.  
1.1 These test methods evaluate the fire-resistive metallic HVAC duct system’s fire resistance and fire-engulfment with horizontal and vertical through-penetration firestops.
Note 2: The intent of these test methods is to provide authorities having jurisdiction a means to evaluate the fire performance of HVAC duct systems to enable their application and use.  
1.2 These test methods evaluate the fire performance of HVAC ducts, including both supply (pressurized: Condition A – Horizontal and Condition B – Vertical) and return (exhaust: Condition C – Horizontal and Condition D – Vertical).  
1.3 These test methods evaluate the ability of a HVAC duct system to resist the spread of fire from one compartment to other compartments separated by a fire resistance rated construction when the HVAC duct system is exposed to fire under one or more of the following conditions:  
1.3.1 Condition A—Fire exposure from the outside of the horizontal HVAC duct system without openings,  
1.3.2 Condition B—Fire exposure from the outside of the vertical HVAC duct system without openings,  
1.3.3 Condition C—Fire exposure from the outside with hot gases entering the inside of the horizontal HVAC duct system with unprotected openings,
Note 3: Unprotected openings are openings that are not protected by fire dampers.  
1.3.4 Condition D—Fire exposure from the outside with hot gases entering the inside of the vertical HVAC duct system with unprotected openings.  
1.4 These test methods provide a means for determining the fire-resistance of vertical and horizontal HVAC duct systems, when subjected to the standard time-temperature curve of Test Methods E119.  
1.4.1 Condition A—These test methods provide a means for evaluating a horizontal HVAC duct system, without openings exposed to fire, passing through a vertical fire-separating ele...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are intended to evaluate the ability of the HVAC duct system and its supporting construction to do the following:  
5.1.1 Resist the effects of a standardized fire exposure, and  
5.1.2 Retain its integrity.  
5.2 These test methods provide for the following measurements and evaluations where applicable:  
5.2.1 Ability of the tested support system to carry the load of the HVAC duct and its fire-resistive material(s) during the entire duration of the standardized fire-engulfment test.  
5.2.2 Ability of the firestops to meet the requirements of Test Method E814 when used as part of a HVAC duct system.  
5.2.3 Ability of the HVAC duct system to resist the passage of flames and hot gases onto its unexposed surface during a standardized fire-resistance test.  
5.2.4 Transmission of heat through the HVAC duct system during a standardized fire-resistance test.  
5.2.5 Ability of the firestop to resist the passage of water during a standardized hose stream test.  
5.3 These test methods do not provide the following:  
5.3.1 Full information as to performance of the fire-resistive material, supporting construction, or the HVAC duct system constructed with components, densities, or dimensions other than those tested.  
5.3.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the fire-resistive material or HVAC duct system contributes to the fire hazard by generation of toxic gases, or other products of combustion.  
5.3.3 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the HVAC duct system.  
5.4 The test specimens are subjected to one or more specific tests under laboratory conditions. When different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by, or from, these test methods to predict changes to the characteristics measured. Therefore, the results of these laboratory tests are valid only for the exposure conditions described in these test m...
SCOPE
Note 1: Use of the standard designation ISO 6944 refers to both ISO 6944:1985 and ISO 6944-1:2008.  
1.1 These test methods evaluate the fire-resistive metallic HVAC duct system’s fire resistance and fire-engulfment with horizontal and vertical through-penetration firestops.
Note 2: The intent of these test methods is to provide authorities having jurisdiction a means to evaluate the fire performance of HVAC duct systems to enable their application and use.  
1.2 These test methods evaluate the fire performance of HVAC ducts, including both supply (pressurized: Condition A – Horizontal and Condition B – Vertical) and return (exhaust: Condition C – Horizontal and Condition D – Vertical).  
1.3 These test methods evaluate the ability of a HVAC duct system to resist the spread of fire from one compartment to other compartments separated by a fire resistance rated construction when the HVAC duct system is exposed to fire under one or more of the following conditions:  
1.3.1 Condition A—Fire exposure from the outside of the horizontal HVAC duct system without openings,  
1.3.2 Condition B—Fire exposure from the outside of the vertical HVAC duct system without openings,  
1.3.3 Condition C—Fire exposure from the outside with hot gases entering the inside of the horizontal HVAC duct system with unprotected openings,
Note 3: Unprotected openings are openings that are not protected by fire dampers.  
1.3.4 Condition D—Fire exposure from the outside with hot gases entering the inside of the vertical HVAC duct system with unprotected openings.  
1.4 These test methods provide a means for determining the fire-resistance of vertical and horizontal HVAC duct systems, when subjected to the standard time-temperature curve of Test Methods E119.  
1.4.1 Condition A—These test methods provide a means for evaluating a horizontal HVAC duct system, without openings exposed to fire, passing through a vertical fire-separating ele...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are intended to evaluate the duration for which the types of building elements noted in 1.1 contain a fire, retain their structural integrity, or exhibit both properties during a predetermined test exposure.  
4.2 The test exposes a test specimen to a standard fire controlled to achieve specified temperatures throughout a specified time period. When required, the fire exposure is followed by the application of a specified standard fire hose stream applied in accordance with Practice E2226. The test provides a relative measure of the fire-test-response of comparable building elements under these fire exposure conditions. The exposure is not representative of all fire conditions because conditions vary with changes in the amount, nature and distribution of fire loading, ventilation, compartment size and configuration, and heat sink characteristics of the compartment. Variation from the test conditions or test specimen construction, such as size, materials, method of assembly, also affects the fire-test-response. For these reasons, evaluation of the variation is required for application to construction in the field.  
4.3 The test standard provides for the following:  
4.3.1 For walls, partitions, and floor or roof test specimens:
4.3.1.1 Measurement of the transmission of heat.
4.3.1.2 Measurement of the transmission of hot gases through the test specimen.
4.3.1.3 For loadbearing elements, measurement of the load carrying ability of the test specimen during the test exposure.  
4.3.2 For individual loadbearing members such as beams and columns:
4.3.2.1 Measurement of the load carrying ability under the test exposure with consideration for the end support conditions (that is, restrained or not restrained).  
4.4 The test standard does not provide the following:  
4.4.1 Information as to performance of test specimens constructed with components or lengths other than those tested.  
4.4.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the test sp...
SCOPE
1.1 The test methods described in this fire-test-response standard are applicable to assemblies of masonry units and to composite assemblies of structural materials for buildings, including loadbearing and other walls and partitions, columns, girders, beams, slabs, and composite slab and beam assemblies for floors and roofs. They are also applicable to other assemblies and structural units that constitute permanent integral parts of a finished building.  
1.2 It is the intent that classifications shall register comparative performance to specific fire-test conditions during the period of exposure and shall not be construed as having determined suitability under other conditions or for use after fire exposure.  
1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.4 These test methods prescribe a standard fire exposure for comparing the test results of building construction assemblies. The results of these tests are one factor in assessing predicted fire performance of building construction and assemblies. Application of these test results to predict the performance of actual building construction requires the evaluation of test conditions.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are intended to evaluate the ability of the HVAC duct system and its supporting construction to do the following:  
5.1.1 Resist the effects of a standardized fire exposure, and  
5.1.2 Retain its integrity.  
5.2 These test methods provide for the following measurements and evaluations where applicable:  
5.2.1 Ability of the fire-resistive material to resist flaming (combustion) when exposed to 1382°F (750°C).  
5.2.2 Ability of the tested support system to carry the load of the HVAC duct and its fire-resistive material(s) during the entire duration of the standardized fire-engulfment test.  
5.2.3 Ability of the firestops to meet the requirements of Test Method E814 when used as part of a HVAC duct system.  
5.2.4 Ability of the HVAC duct system to resist the passage of flames and hot gases onto its unexposed surface during a standardized fire-resistance test.  
5.2.5 Transmission of heat through the HVAC duct system during a standardized fire-resistance test.  
5.2.6 Ability of the firestop to resist the passage of water during a standardized hose stream test.  
5.2.7 Comparative measurement of temperature aging of the fire-resistive material(s) when subjected to a standardized thermal cycling during the durability test.  
5.2.8 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the fire-resistive material or HVAC duct system.  
5.2.9 Ability of the covering and lining to resist flaming, glowing, smoldering or smoking while in service.  
5.3 These test methods do not provide the following:  
5.3.1 Full information as to performance of the fire-resistive material, supporting construction, or the HVAC duct system constructed with components, densities, or dimensions other than those tested.  
5.3.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the fire-resistive material or HVAC duct system contributes to the fire hazard by generation of toxic gases, or other products of combustion.  
5.3.3 Measurement of the degree of control or limitatio...
SCOPE
Note 1: Use of the standard designation ISO 6944 refers to both ISO 6944:1985 and ISO 6944-1:2008.  
1.1 These test methods evaluate the fire-resistive materials and the HVAC duct systems surface burning characteristics, non-combustibility, fire resistance, durability, and fire-engulfment with horizontal and vertical through-penetration firestops.
Note 2: The intent of these test methods is to provide authorities having jurisdiction a means to evaluate the fire performance of HVAC duct systems to enable their application and use.  
1.2 These test methods evaluate the fire performance of HVAC ducts, including both supply (pressurized: Condition A – Horizontal and Condition B – Vertical) and return (exhaust: Condition C – Horizontal and Condition D – Vertical).  
1.3 These test methods evaluate the ability of a HVAC duct system to resist the spread of fire from one compartment to other compartments separated by a fire resistance rated construction when the HVAC duct system is exposed to fire under one or more of the following conditions:  
1.3.1 Condition A—Fire exposure from the outside of the horizontal HVAC duct system without openings,  
1.3.2 Condition B—Fire exposure from the outside of the vertical HVAC duct system without openings,  
1.3.3 Condition C—Fire exposure from the outside with hot gases entering the inside of the horizontal HVAC duct system with unprotected openings, and
Note 3: Unprotected openings are openings that are not protected by fire dampers.  
1.3.4 Condition D—Fire exposure from the outside with hot gases entering the inside of the vertical HVAC duct system with unprotected openings.  
1.4 These test methods provide a means for determining the fire-resistance of vertical and horizontal HVAC duct systems, when subjected to the standard time-temperature curve of Test Methods E119.  
1.4.1 Condition A—These test methods provide a means for evaluating a horizontal HVAC duct system, wi...

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1.1 This specification is applicable to the fire resistance of concrete tunnel linings, fire-resistive materials, and structural tunnel members.  
1.2 Concrete mix design, tunnel linings, and passive fire protection methods are specific to each tunnel project. Therefore results of the spalling test are only valid for the specific materials and systems employed during each test, notwithstanding maximum and minimum limitations.  
1.3 Tunnels are potentially exposed to ground water, even those passing through elevated terrain, such as mountains, road salt, and maintenance surface washing. Consideration shall be given to potential adverse effects that result, such as material degradation due to these exposures.  
1.4 Movement joints shall be considered and their impact on the overall fire resistance shall be assessed by testing. Tests shall be conducted as a system.  
1.5 This specification does not address mechanical attachment methods for equipment due to the vast variety of possible methods and loads. However, consideration shall be given to methods that appreciably affect the concrete temperature during the heating conditions. Consideration shall be given to a second test conducted with the attachment to evaluate the effect. The attachment test shall include the largest diameter anchor, the deepest installed anchor, and the largest load applied to the anchor. This requirement results in a single anchor being tested or multiple anchors being tested. If multiple anchors are required to be tested, then each shall be tested under its maximum load.  
1.6 This specification requires testing of both horizontal and vertical orientations. For fire-resistive materials, it is generally accepted that the horizontal orientation represents the worst case test scenario.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not, by itself, incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.9 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The methods and procedures set forth in this guide relate to the extension of the fire test results to firestop systems that have not been tested.  
4.2 Users of this guide must have knowledge and understanding of the provisions of Test Method E119 and Test Method E814 including those pertaining to conditions of acceptance.  
4.3 In order to apply some of the principles described in this guide, reference to the original fire test report will be necessary.  
4.4 In Test Method E814, the specimens are subjected to specific laboratory fire test exposure conditions. Differences between the tested assembly and the as-built assembly impact the fire-test-response characteristics. Substitution of different test conditions also impacts the fire-test-response characteristics.  
4.5 The extension of data is valid only for the fire test exposure described in Test Method E814.  
4.6 This guide shall not be used to extrapolate the fire resistance rating to a higher value.  
4.7 Limitations:  
4.7.1 The extension of fire resistance data is to be used only for changes to the tested specimen that fall within normal and reasonable limits of accepted construction practices.  
4.7.2 Conclusions derived from using this guide are valid only if the identified change is the only change in the construction or properties of the components.  
4.7.3 Evaluation of changes to the fire-resistive assembly in which the firestop is installed is governed by the Extension of Data principles in Guide E2032.  
4.8 The statements in this guide are based on a single change to a system.
Note 2: It is possible that multiple changes have a different cumulative effect than that of individual changes evaluated separately. The principles contained herein may provide useful information for the application of sound engineering principles to evaluate the effect of multiple differences between tested and installed firestops.  
4.9 Extensions of data using this document shall be done by individuals...
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1.1 This guide covers the extension of results obtained from fire tests performed in accordance with Test Method E814 to applications that have not been tested. Test Method E814 evaluates the duration for which test specimens will contain a fire, retain their integrity, or both during a predetermined fire test exposure. Firestops are intended for use in fire-resistive walls and floors that are evaluated in conformance with Test Method E119.
Note 1: Data obtained from firestops tested in accordance with Test Methods E119 with positive pressure can also be used.  
1.2 This guide is based on principles involving the extension of test data using simple considerations. The acceptance of these principles and their application is based substantially on an analogous worst-case proposition.  
1.3 These principles are only applicable to temperature conditions represented by the standard time-temperature curve described in Test Method E814, for systems falling within the scope of Test Method E814. This test method is a fire-test-response standard.  
1.4 The types of building constructions which are part of this guide are as follows: floors, walls, partitions, floor/ceiling and roof/ceiling assemblies.  
1.5 This guide applies to:  
1.5.1 a single penetrating item, or  
1.5.2 multiple penetrating items.  
1.6 This guide does not apply to joints systems tested to E119, E1966 and E2307.  
1.7 Penetrating items can be one of the following: metallic pipe, non-metallic pipe, metallic tubing, non-metallic tubing, metallic conduit, non-metallic conduit, flexible metal conduit, cables, cable trays, bus ducts, insulated pipes, insulated tubing, insulated conduit, insulated and non-insulated ducts, and structural members.    
Metallic pipe, tubing or conduit  
6.7  
Insulated pipe, tubing or conduit  
6.8  
Non-metallic pipe, tubing or conduit  
6.9 and 6.10  
Flexible metal conduit  
6.11.1.4 and 6.11.1.5  
Cables  
...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are intended to evaluate the ability of the HVAC duct system and its supporting construction to do the following:  
5.1.1 Resist the effects of a standardized fire exposure, and  
5.1.2 Retain its integrity.  
5.2 These test methods provide for the following measurements and evaluations where applicable:  
5.2.1 Ability of the fire-resistive material to resist flaming (combustion) when exposed to 1382°F (750°C).  
5.2.2 Ability of the tested support system to carry the load of the HVAC duct and its fire-resistive material(s) during the entire duration of the standardized fire-engulfment test.  
5.2.3 Ability of the firestops to meet the requirements of Test Method E814 when used as part of a HVAC duct system.  
5.2.4 Ability of the HVAC duct system to resist the passage of flames and hot gases onto its unexposed surface during a standardized fire-resistance test.  
5.2.5 Transmission of heat through the HVAC duct system during a standardized fire-resistance test.  
5.2.6 Ability of the firestop to resist the passage of water during a standardized hose stream test.  
5.2.7 Comparative measurement of temperature aging of the fire-resistive material(s) when subjected to a standardized thermal cycling during the durability test.  
5.2.8 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the fire-resistive material or HVAC duct system.  
5.2.9 Ability of the covering and lining to resist flaming, glowing, smoldering or smoking while in service.  
5.3 These test methods do not provide the following:  
5.3.1 Full information as to performance of the fire-resistive material, supporting construction, or the HVAC duct system constructed with components, densities, or dimensions other than those tested.  
5.3.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the fire-resistive material or HVAC duct system contributes to the fire hazard by generation of toxic gases, or other products of combustion.  
5.3.3 Measurement of the degree of control or limitatio...
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Note 1: Use of the standard designation ISO 6944 refers to both ISO 6944:1985 and ISO 6944-1:2008.  
1.1 These test methods evaluate the fire-resistive materials and the HVAC duct systems surface burning characteristics, non-combustibility, fire resistance, durability, and fire-engulfment with horizontal and vertical through-penetration firestops.
Note 2: The intent of these test methods is to provide authorities having jurisdiction a means to evaluate the fire performance of HVAC duct systems to enable their application and use.  
1.2 These test methods evaluate the fire performance of HVAC ducts, including both supply (pressurized: Condition A – Horizontal and Condition B – Vertical) and return (exhaust: Condition C – Horizontal and Condition D – Vertical).  
1.3 These test methods evaluate the ability of a HVAC duct system to resist the spread of fire from one compartment to other compartments separated by a fire resistance rated construction when the HVAC duct system is exposed to fire under one or more of the following conditions:  
1.3.1 Condition A—Fire exposure from the outside of the horizontal HVAC duct system without openings,  
1.3.2 Condition B—Fire exposure from the outside of the vertical HVAC duct system without openings,  
1.3.3 Condition C—Fire exposure from the outside with hot gases entering the inside of the horizontal HVAC duct system with unprotected openings, and
Note 3: Unprotected openings are openings that are not protected by fire dampers.  
1.3.4 Condition D—Fire exposure from the outside with hot gases entering the inside of the vertical HVAC duct system with unprotected openings.  
1.4 These test methods provide a means for determining the fire-resistance of vertical and horizontal HVAC duct systems, when subjected to the standard time-temperature curve of Test Methods E119.  
1.4.1 Condition A—These test methods provide a means for evaluating a horizontal HVAC duct system, wi...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method evaluates the following under the specified test conditions:  
5.1.1 The ability of a test specimen to undergo movement without reducing its fire resistance rating, and  
5.1.2 The duration for which a test specimen will contain a fire and retain its integrity during a predetermined fire resistive test exposure.  
5.2 This test method provides for the following measurements and evaluations where applicable:  
5.2.1 Ability of the test specimen  to movement cycle.  
5.2.2 Ability of the test specimen  to prohibit the passage of flames and hot gases.  
5.2.3 Transmission of heat through the test specimen.  
5.2.4 Ability of the test specimen  to resist the passage of water during a hose stream test.  
5.3 This test method does not provide the following:  
5.3.1 Any information about the rated wall assembly because its performance has already been determined.  
5.3.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the test specimen contributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion.  
5.3.3 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the test specimen.  
5.3.4 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the test specimen.
Note 3: The information in 5.3.1 – 5.3.4 may be determined by other suitable fire resistive test methods. For example, 5.3.4 may be determined by Test Method E84.  
5.4 In this procedure, the test specimens are subjected to one or more specific tests under laboratory conditions. When different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by, or from, this test method to predict changes to the characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the exposure conditions described in this test method.
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1.1 This fire-test-response test method measures the performance of a unique fire resistive joint system called a continuity head-of-wall joint system, which is designed to be used between a rated wall assembly and a nonrated horizontal assembly during a fire resistance test.  
1.2 This fire-test-response standard does not measure the performance of the following:  
1.2.1 The rated wall assembly, which is already established by other test methods, such as Test Method E119, or  
1.2.2 The nonrated horizontal assembly, which would be established by other test methods such as Test Method E119.
Note 1: Typically, rated wall assemblies obtain a fire resistance rating after being tested to Test Method E119, NFPA 251, UL 263, CAN/ULC-S101, or other similar fire resistive test methods.  
1.3 This fire-test-response standard is not intended to evaluate the connections between rated wall assemblies and nonrated horizontal assemblies  unless part of the continuity head-of-wall joint system.  
1.4 The fire resistive test end point is the period of time elapsing before the first performance criteria is reached when the continuity head-of-wall joint system is subjected to one of two time-temperature fire exposures.  
1.5 The fire exposure conditions used are either those specified by Test Method E119 for testing assemblies to standard time-temperature exposures or Test Method E1529 for testing assemblies to rapid-temperature rise fires.  
1.6 This test method specifies the heating conditions, methods of test, and criteria to establish a fire resistance rating only for a continuity head-of-wall joint system.  
1.7 Test results establish the performance of continuity head-of-wall joint systems to maintain continuity of fire resistance of the rated wall assembly where the continuity head-of-wall joint system interfaces with a nonrated horizontal assembly during the fire-exposure period.  
1.8 Test results shall not be construed as having determined the continuity head-of-wall joint system, nonrated horizontal assembly and the rated wall assembly’s suitability for use after that ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to determine the performance of a firestop system with respect to exposure to a standard time-temperature fire test and a hose stream test. The performance of a firestop system is dependent upon the specific assembly of materials tested including the number, type, and size of penetrations and the floors or walls in which it is installed.  
5.2 Two ratings shall be established for each firestop system. An F rating shall be based upon flame occurrence on the unexposed surface, while the T rating shall be based upon the temperature rise as well as flame occurrence on the unexposed side of the firestop system. These ratings, together with detailed performance data such as the location of through-openings and temperatures of penetrating items are intended to be one factor in assessing performance of firestop systems.
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1.1 This test method is applicable to firestop systems of various materials and construction. Firestop systems are intended for use in openings in fire-resistive walls and floors that are evaluated in accordance with Test Methods E119.  
1.2 Tests conducted in conformance with this test method record firestop system performance during the test exposure; but such tests shall not be construed to determine suitability of the firestop system for use after test exposure.  
1.3 This test method also measures the resistance of firestop systems to an external force stimulated by a hose stream. However, this test method shall not be construed as determining the performance of the firestop system during actual fire conditions when subjected to forces such as failure of cable support systems and falling debris.  
1.4 The intent of this test method is to develop data to assist others in determining the suitability of the firestops for use where fire resistance is required.  
1.5 This test method does not apply to membrane penetrations of a floor-ceiling assembly or roof-ceiling assembly that are tested as part of the assembly in accordance with Test Methods E119.  
1.6 This test method does not apply to membrane penetrations of load-bearing walls.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered requirements of the standard.  
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The methods and procedures set forth in this guide relate to the extension of the fire resistance ratings obtained from particular fire tested specimens to constructions that have not been tested.  
4.2 Users of this guide must have knowledge and understanding of the provisions of Test Method E119 including those pertaining to conditions of acceptance.  
4.3 In order to apply some of the principles described in this guide, reference to the original fire test report will be necessary.  
4.4 In Test Method E119, the specimens are subjected to specific laboratory fire test exposure conditions. Substitution of different test conditions or changes in the end use conditions have the ability to change the measured fire-test-response characteristics. Therefore, the extensions of data are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in Test Method E119,.
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1.1 This guide covers the extension of fire resistance ratings obtained from fire tests performed in accordance with Test Method E119 to constructions that have not been tested. Test Method E119 evaluates the duration for which test specimens will contain a fire, retain their standard integrity, or both during a predetermined test exposure.  
1.2 This guide is based on principles involving the extension of test data using simple considerations. The acceptance of these principles and their application is based substantially on an analogous worst case proposition.  
1.3 These principles are only applicable to temperature conditions represented by the standard time-temperature curve described in Test Method E119. Test Method E119 is a fire-test-response standard.  
1.4 The types of building constructions which are the subject of this guide are categorized as follows: beams; floor and roof assemblies; columns; and walls and partitions. Floor and roof assemblies include such assemblies with ceiling protective membranes.  
1.5 The extension of test data using numerical calculations based on empirical data or theoretical models is not covered in this guide.  
1.6 This guide does not cover the substitution of one proprietary material for another proprietary material, or materials for which fire test data are not presently available.  
1.7 This guide does not purport to be comprehensive in its treatment of non-proprietary modifications of tested constructions. Engineering evaluation or tests are recommended for assessing modifications not specifically covered in this guide.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.9 This standard is used to determine certain fire-test responses of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions by using results obtained from fire-test-response standards. The results obtained from using this standard do not by themselves constitute measures of fire hazard or fire risk.  
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The methods and procedures set forth in this guide relate to the conduct and reporting of fire-resistance tests obtained from particular fire-resistance tested specimens tested using conditions different than those addressed by Test Methods E119.  
4.2 Data derived from fire tests conducted and reported under this guide are useful for general fire research and as potential input data for use in fire models.  
4.3 It is necessary that users of this guide have knowledge and understanding of the provisions of Test Methods E119, including those pertaining to conditions of acceptance in order to understand how the alternative test conditions relate to those specified in Test Methods E119.  
4.4 Users of this guide should be aware that tests conducted using exposure conditions different than those specified in Test Methods E119 do not provide or generate fire resistance ratings suitable for determining compliance with code or regulatory requirements.  
4.4.1 In Test Methods E119, standard test specimens are subjected to specific exposure conditions. Substitution of different exposure conditions can change the measured fire-test-response characteristics of a test specimen. Therefore, the data are valid for only the alternative exposure conditions used.
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1.1 This guide covers the conduct of fire-resistance tests using conditions different than those addressed in Test Methods E119. This guide also addresses the reporting of data derived from those tests.  
1.2 This guide does not provide or generate fire-resistance ratings suitable for determining compliance with code or regulatory requirements comparable to those resulting from tests conducted in accordance with Test Methods E119.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This guide is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are intended to provide a basis for evaluating the time period during which a beam, girder, column, or similar structural assembly, or a nonbearing wall, will continue to perform its intended function when subjected to a controlled, standardized fire exposure.  
5.1.1 In particular, the selected standard exposure condition simulates the condition of total continuous engulfment of a member or assembly in the luminous flame (fire plume) area of a large free-burning-fluid-hydrocarbon pool fire. The standard fire exposure is basically defined in terms of the total flux incident on the test specimen together with appropriate temperature conditions. Quantitative measurements of the thermal exposure (total heat flux) are required during both furnace calibration and actual testing.  
5.1.2 It is recognized that the thermodynamic properties of free-burning, hydrocarbon fluid pool fires have not been completely characterized and are variable depending on the size of the fire, the fuel, environmental factors (such as wind conditions), the physical relationship of the structural member to the exposing fire, and other factors. As a result, the exposure specified in these test methods is not necessarily representative of all the conditions that exist in large hydrocarbon pool fires. The specified standard exposure is based upon the best available information and testing technology. It provides a basis for comparing the relative performance of different assemblies under controlled conditions.  
5.1.3 Any variation to construction or conditions (that is, size, method of assembly, and materials) from that of the tested assembly is capable of substantially changing the performance characteristics of the assembly.  
5.2 Separate procedures are specified for testing column specimens with and without an applied superimposed load.  
5.2.1 The procedures for testing loaded columns stipulate that the load shall be applied axially. The applied load is to be the m...
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1.1 The test methods described in this fire-test-response standard are used for determining the fire-test response of columns, girders, beams or similar structural members, and fire-containment walls, of either homogeneous or composite construction, that are employed in HPI or other facilities subject to large hydrocarbon pool fires.  
1.2 It is the intent that tests conducted in accordance with these test methods will indicate whether structural members of assemblies, or fire-containment wall assemblies, will continue to perform their intended function during the period of fire exposure. These tests shall not be construed as having determined suitability for use after fire exposure.  
1.3 These test methods prescribe a standard fire exposure for comparing the relative performance of different structural and fire-containment wall assemblies under controlled laboratory conditions. The application of these test results to predict the performance of actual assemblies when exposed to large pool fires requires a careful engineering evaluation.  
1.4 These test methods provide for quantitative heat flux measurements during both the control calibration and the actual test. These heat flux measurements are being made to support the development of design fires and the use of fire safety engineering models to predict thermal exposure and material performance in a wide range of fire scenarios.  
1.5 These test methods are useful for testing other items such as piping, electrical circuits in conduit, floors or decks, and cable trays. Testing of these types of items requires development of appropriate specimen details and end-point or failure criteria. Such failure criteria and test specimen descriptions are not provided in these test methods.  
1.6 Limitations—These test methods do not provide the following:  
1.6.1 Full information on the performance of assemblies constructed with components or of dimensions other than those ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are intended to provide a basis for evaluating the time period during which a beam, girder, column, or similar structural assembly, or a nonbearing wall, will continue to perform its intended function when subjected to a controlled, standardized fire exposure.  
5.1.1 In particular, the selected standard exposure condition simulates the condition of total continuous engulfment of a member or assembly in the luminous flame (fire plume) area of a large free-burning-fluid-hydrocarbon pool fire. The standard fire exposure is basically defined in terms of the total flux incident on the test specimen together with appropriate temperature conditions. Quantitative measurements of the thermal exposure (total heat flux) are required during both furnace calibration and actual testing.  
5.1.2 It is recognized that the thermodynamic properties of free-burning, hydrocarbon fluid pool fires have not been completely characterized and are variable depending on the size of the fire, the fuel, environmental factors (such as wind conditions), the physical relationship of the structural member to the exposing fire, and other factors. As a result, the exposure specified in these test methods is not necessarily representative of all the conditions that exist in large hydrocarbon pool fires. The specified standard exposure is based upon the best available information and testing technology. It provides a basis for comparing the relative performance of different assemblies under controlled conditions.  
5.1.3 Any variation to construction or conditions (that is, size, method of assembly, and materials) from that of the tested assembly is capable of substantially changing the performance characteristics of the assembly.  
5.2 Separate procedures are specified for testing column specimens with and without an applied superimposed load.  
5.2.1 The procedures for testing loaded columns stipulate that the load shall be applied axially. The applied load is to be the m...
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1.1 The test methods described in this fire-test-response standard are used for determining the fire-test response of columns, girders, beams or similar structural members, and fire-containment walls, of either homogeneous or composite construction, that are employed in HPI or other facilities subject to large hydrocarbon pool fires.  
1.2 It is the intent that tests conducted in accordance with these test methods will indicate whether structural members of assemblies, or fire-containment wall assemblies, will continue to perform their intended function during the period of fire exposure. These tests shall not be construed as having determined suitability for use after fire exposure.  
1.3 These test methods prescribe a standard fire exposure for comparing the relative performance of different structural and fire-containment wall assemblies under controlled laboratory conditions. The application of these test results to predict the performance of actual assemblies when exposed to large pool fires requires a careful engineering evaluation.  
1.4 These test methods provide for quantitative heat flux measurements during both the control calibration and the actual test. These heat flux measurements are being made to support the development of design fires and the use of fire safety engineering models to predict thermal exposure and material performance in a wide range of fire scenarios.  
1.5 These test methods are useful for testing other items such as piping, electrical circuits in conduit, floors or decks, and cable trays. Testing of these types of items requires development of appropriate specimen details and end-point or failure criteria. Such failure criteria and test specimen descriptions are not provided in these test methods.  
1.6 Limitations—These test methods do not provide the following:  
1.6.1 Full information on the performance of assemblies constructed with components or of dimensions other than those ...