ASTM E84-23d
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is intended to provide only comparative measurements of surface flame spread and smoke density measurements with that of select grade red oak and fiber-cement board surfaces under the specific fire exposure conditions described herein.
4.2 This test method exposes a nominal 24-ft (7.32 m) long by 20-in. (508 mm) wide specimen to a controlled air flow and flaming fire exposure adjusted to spread the flame along the entire length of the select grade red oak specimen in 5 1/2 min.
4.3 This test method does not provide for the following:
4.3.1 Measurement of heat transmission through the tested surface.
4.3.2 The effect of aggravated flame spread behavior of an assembly resulting from the proximity of combustible walls and ceilings.
4.3.3 Classifying or defining a material as noncombustible, by means of a flame spread index by itself.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard for the comparative surface burning behavior of building materials is applicable to exposed surfaces such as walls and ceilings. The test is conducted with the specimen in the ceiling position with the surface to be evaluated exposed face down to the ignition source. The material, product, or assembly shall be capable of being mounted in the test position during the test. Thus, the specimen shall either be self-supporting by its own structural quality, held in place by added supports along the test surface, or secured from the back side.
1.2 Test Method E84 is a 10-min fire-test response method. The following standards address testing of materials in accordance with test methods that are applications or variations of the test method or apparatus used for Test Method E84:
1.2.1 Materials required by the user to meet an extended 30-min duration tunnel test shall be tested in accordance with Test Method E2768.
1.2.2 Wires and cables for use in air-handling spaces shall be tested in accordance with NFPA 262.
1.2.3 Pneumatic tubing for control systems shall be tested in accordance with UL 1820.
1.2.4 Combustible sprinkler piping shall be tested in accordance with UL 1887.
1.2.5 Optical fiber and communications raceways for use in air handling spaces shall be tested in accordance with UL 2024.
Note 1: Annex A13 includes additional information describing a standard other than those listed in this section that also utilizes a modification of the apparatus used for Test Method E84.
1.3 The purpose of this test method is to determine the relative burning behavior of the material by observing the flame spread along the specimen. Flame spread and smoke developed index are reported. However, there is not necessarily a relationship between these two measurements.
1.4 The use of supporting materials on the underside of the test specimen has the ability to lower the flame spread index from those which might be obtained if the specimen could be tested without such support. These test results do not necessarily relate to indices obtained by testing materials without such support.
1.5 Testing of materials that melt, drip, or delaminate to such a degree that the continuity of the flame front is destroyed, results in low flame spread indices that do not relate directly to indices obtained by testing materials that remain in place.
1.6 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required f...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E84 − 23d An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
1
Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E84; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* developed index are reported. However, there is not necessarily
a relationship between these two measurements.
1.1 This fire-test-response standard for the comparative
surface burning behavior of building materials is applicable to
1.4 The use of supporting materials on the underside of the
exposed surfaces such as walls and ceilings. The test is
test specimen has the ability to lower the flame spread index
conducted with the specimen in the ceiling position with the
from those which might be obtained if the specimen could be
surface to be evaluated exposed face down to the ignition
tested without such support. These test results do not neces-
source. The material, product, or assembly shall be capable of
sarily relate to indices obtained by testing materials without
being mounted in the test position during the test. Thus, the
such support.
specimen shall either be self-supporting by its own structural
1.5 Testing of materials that melt, drip, or delaminate to
quality, held in place by added supports along the test surface,
such a degree that the continuity of the flame front is destroyed,
or secured from the back side.
results in low flame spread indices that do not relate directly to
1.2 Test Method E84 is a 10-min fire-test response method.
indices obtained by testing materials that remain in place.
The following standards address testing of materials in accor-
1.6 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
dance with test methods that are applications or variations of
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
the test method or apparatus used for Test Method E84:
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
1.2.1 Materials required by the user to meet an extended
information only and are not considered standard.
30-min duration tunnel test shall be tested in accordance with
Test Method E2768. 1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
1.2.2 Wires and cables for use in air-handling spaces shall
that provide explanatory information. These notes and
be tested in accordance with NFPA 262. footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be
1.2.3 Pneumatic tubing for control systems shall be tested in
considered as requirements of the standard.
accordance with UL 1820.
1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the
1.2.4 Combustible sprinkler piping shall be tested in accor-
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
dance with UL 1887.
flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
1.2.5 Optical fiber and communications raceways for use in
incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk
air handling spaces shall be tested in accordance with UL 2024.
assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under
actual fire conditions.
NOTE 1—Annex A13 includes additional information describing a
standard other than those listed in this section that also utilizes a
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
modification of the apparatus used for Test Method E84.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.3 The purpose of this test method is to determine the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
relative burning behavior of the material by observing the
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
flame spread along the specimen. Flame spread and smoke
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.10 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-
1
guards for personnel and property shall be employed in
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire
Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.22 on Surface conducting these tests.
Burning.
1.11 This international standard was developed in accor-
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2023. Published January 2024. Originally
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2023 as E84 – 23c. DOI:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
10.1520/E0084-2
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E84 − 23c E84 − 23d An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
1
Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E84; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This fire-test-response standard for the comparative surface burning behavior of building materials is applicable to exposed
surfaces such as walls and ceilings. The test is conducted with the specimen in the ceiling position with the surface to be evaluated
exposed face down to the ignition source. The material, product, or assembly shall be capable of being mounted in the test position
during the test. Thus, the specimen shall either be self-supporting by its own structural quality, held in place by added supports
along the test surface, or secured from the back side.
1.2 Test Method E84 is a 10-min fire-test response method. The following standards address testing of materials in accordance
with test methods that are applications or variations of the test method or apparatus used for Test Method E84:
1.2.1 Materials required by the user to meet an extended 30-min duration tunnel test shall be tested in accordance with Test
Method E2768.
1.2.2 Wires and cables for use in air-handling spaces shall be tested in accordance with NFPA 262.
1.2.3 Pneumatic tubing for control systems shall be tested in accordance with UL 1820.
1.2.4 Combustible sprinkler piping shall be tested in accordance with UL 1887.
1.2.5 Optical fiber and communications raceways for use in air handling spaces shall be tested in accordance with UL 2024.
NOTE 1—Annex A13 includes additional information describing a standard other than those listed in this section that also utilizes a modification of the
apparatus used for Test Method E84.
1.3 The purpose of this test method is to determine the relative burning behavior of the material by observing the flame spread
along the specimen. Flame spread and smoke developed index are reported. However, there is not necessarily a relationship
between these two measurements.
1.4 The use of supporting materials on the underside of the test specimen has the ability to lower the flame spread index from those
which might be obtained if the specimen could be tested without such support. These test results do not necessarily relate to indices
obtained by testing materials without such support.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.22 on Surface Burning.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2023Dec. 1, 2023. Published September 2023January 2024. Originally approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2023 as
E84 – 23b.E84 – 23c. DOI: 10.1520/E0084-23C.10.1520/E0084-23D.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E84 − 23d
1.5 Testing of materials that melt, drip, or delaminate to such a degree that the continuity of the flame front is destroyed, results
in low flame spread indices that do not relate directly to indices obtained by testing materials that remain in place.
1.6 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes,
excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials,
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropria
...
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