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ASTM D88/D88M-07(2024)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity

Standard Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful in characterizing certain petroleum products, as one element in establishing uniformity of shipments and sources of supply.  
5.2 See Guide D117 for applicability to mineral oils used as electrical insulating oils.  
5.3 The Saybolt Furol viscosity is approximately one tenth the Saybolt Universal viscosity, and is recommended for characterization of petroleum products such as fuel oils and other residual materials having Saybolt Universal viscosities greater than 1000 s.  
5.4 Determination of the Saybolt Furol viscosity of bituminous materials at higher temperatures is covered by Test Method E102/E102M.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the empirical procedures for determining the Saybolt Universal or Saybolt Furol viscosities of petroleum products at specified temperatures between 21 and 99 °C [70 and 210 °F]. A special procedure for waxy products is indicated.  
Note 1: Test Methods D445 and D2170/D2170M are preferred for the determination of kinematic viscosity. They require smaller samples and less time, and provide greater accuracy. Kinematic viscosities may be converted to Saybolt viscosities by use of the tables in Practice D2161. It is recommended that viscosity indexes be calculated from kinematic rather than Saybolt viscosities.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Apr-2024
ICS
17.060 - Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity
Technical Committee
D08 - Roofing and Waterproofing
Drafting Committee
D08.05 - Solvent-Bearing Bituminous Compounds for Roofing and Waterproofing
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D88/D88M-07(2019)e1 - Standard Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity
Effective Date
01-May-2024
Referred By
ASTM E102/E102M-93(2021) - Standard Test Method for Saybolt Furol Viscosity of Bituminous Materials at High Temperatures
Effective Date
01-May-2024
Referred By
ASTM D41/D41M-11(2023) - Standard Specification for Asphalt Primer Used in Roofing, Dampproofing, and Waterproofing
Effective Date
01-May-2024

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ASTM D88/D88M-07(2024) - Standard Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D88/D88M − 07 (Reapproved 2024) American Association State
Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No: T72
Method 304—Federal Test
Method Standard No. 791b
Replaces Method 4285 of Federal Test
Method Standard No. 141A
Standard Test Method for
1
Saybolt Viscosity
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D88/D88M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the empirical procedures for
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
determining the Saybolt Universal or Saybolt Furol viscosities
Closed Cup Tester
of petroleum products at specified temperatures between 21
D117 Guide for Sampling, Test Methods, and Specifications
and 99 °C [70 and 210 °F]. A special procedure for waxy
for Electrical Insulating Liquids
products is indicated.
D140/D140M Practice for Sampling Asphalt Materials
NOTE 1—Test Methods D445 and D2170/D2170M are preferred for the
D244 Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts
determination of kinematic viscosity. They require smaller samples and
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
less time, and provide greater accuracy. Kinematic viscosities may be
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
converted to Saybolt viscosities by use of the tables in Practice D2161. It
ity)
is recommended that viscosity indexes be calculated from kinematic rather
D2161 Practice for Conversion of Kinematic Viscosity to
than Saybolt viscosities.
Saybolt Universal Viscosity or to Saybolt Furol Viscosity
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
D2170/D2170M Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Asphalts
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
Petroleum Products
used independently of the other, and values from the two
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
systems shall not be combined.
Petroleum Products
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Sieves
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E102/E102M Test Method for Saybolt Furol Viscosity of
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Bituminous Materials at High Temperatures
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3. Terminology
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1 Definitions:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.1 Furol—an acronym of “Fuel and Road Oils.”
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.2 Saybolt Furol viscosity—the corrected efflux time in
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. seconds of 60 mL of sample flowing through a calibrated Furol
orifice under specified conditions. The viscosity value is
reported in Saybolt Furol seconds, abbreviated SFS, at a
specified temperature.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing
and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.05 on
Solvent-Bearing Bituminous Compounds for Roofing and Waterproofing.
2
Current edition approved May 1, 2024. Published May 2024. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 1921. In 1923, combined with former Methods D47. Last previous contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ɛ1
edition approved in 2019 as D88/D88M – 07 (2019) . DOI: 10.1520/D0088_ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D0088M-07R24. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D88/D88M − 07 (2024)
3.1.3 Saybolt Universal viscosity—the corrected efflux time characterization of petroleum products such as fuel oils and
in secon
...

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1.1 This test method measures the change in mass of a rolled erosion control product when specimens are submerged in water for a prescribed period of time. The change in mass is reported as a percentage of the original dry mass of the specimen.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units [given in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of viscosity of paints, varnishes, lacquers, inks, and related liquid materials by dip-type viscosity cups. This test method is recommended for viscosity control work within one plant or laboratory and should be used to check compliance with specifications only when sufficient controls have been instituted to ensure adequate comparability of results.  
1.2 Viscosity cups are designed for testing of Newtonian and near-Newtonian liquids. If the test material is non-Newtonian, for example, shear-thinning or thixotropic, another method, such as Test Methods D2196, should be used. Under controlled conditions, comparisons of the viscosity of non-newtonian materials may be helpful, but viscosity determination methods using controlled shear rate or shear stress are preferred.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by Bubble Time Method

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This test method covers the procedures for determining the viscosity of transparent liquids by bubble time method. The transparent liquids should be free from crystalline or gel particles. Test apparatus include a constant-temperature bath, standard viscosity tubes, a series of standard viscosity tubes as reference standards, timing device, tube racks, and viscosity tube corks.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscosity in bubble seconds by timing. The bubble seconds are approximately equal to stokes for most liquids.  
1.2 The test method is applicable to transparent liquids that are free from crystalline or gel particles.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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5.1 This test method may be used to validate the performance of a specific rotational viscometer apparatus.  
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4.1.2 To compare the relative extensional viscosity component of different spray tank mixtures.  
4.1.3 To determine the extent of breakdown of polymer solutions used as drift control additives during the recirculation of the solutions through pumps and screens.  
4.1.4 To use as a parameter in the Spray Drift Task Force Models for droplet size prediction.  
4.2 It should also be noted that many drift control polymers are irreversibly destroyed during the recirculation of spray mixes by pumping with high shear pumps such as gear or centrifugal pumps. It is advisable to subject the test mixture to similar pumping regimes to simulate practical conditions before carrying out the extensional viscosity test. Measurements of extensional viscosity are the only presently known method of determining the extent of this breakdown properties of dilute polymer solutions.  
4.3 This method is intended to produce a relative value for extensional viscosity. The purpose of the method is to compare the extensional viscosity produced by different polymer types or concentrations of polymer in spray tank mixes.
SCOPE
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1.3 Results may be affected by the quality of the water used. Make-up water quality should therefore be specified in the presentation of results.  
1.4 Proper safety and hygiene precautions must be taken when working with pesticide formulations to prevent skin or eye contact, vapor inhalation, and environmental contamination. Read and follow all handling instructions for the specific formulation and conduct the test in accordance with good laboratory practice.
Note 1: References to the development of extensional viscosity from dissolved polymers, extensional viscosity effects on the droplet size distribution of sprays, and measurements of screen factor on recirculated spray mixes containing polymers are available.2,3  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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