ASTM C443-98

Standard Specification for Joints for Circular Concrete Sewer and Culvert Pipe, Using Rubber Gaskets

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible watertight joints for circular concrete sewer and culvert pipe and precast manhole sections, using rubber gaskets for sealing the joints, where infiltration or exfiltration is a factor in the design. The specification covers the design of joints and the requirements for rubber gaskets to be used therewith, for pipe conforming in all other respects to Specification C 14 or Specification C 76, and precast manhole section conforming in all other respects to Specification C 478, provided that if there is conflict in permissible variations in dimensions the requirements of this specification for joints shall govern.
1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C 443 has been developed-C 443M; therefore, no metric equivalents are presented in this specification.
Note 1—This specification covers the design, material, and performance of the rubber gasket joint only. Joints covered by this specification are normally adequate for hydrostatic pressures up to 13 psi (30 ft) without leakage, when tested in accordance with Section 10. Infiltration or exfiltration quantities for an installed pipeline are dependent upon many factors other than the joints, and allowable quantities must be covered by other specifications and suitable testing of the installed pipeline and system.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Aug-2001
• ICS: 13.060.30 - Sewage water
• Technical Committee: C13 - Concrete Pipe
• Drafting Committee: C13.08 - Joints for Precast Concrete Structures

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM C443-01 - Standard Specification for Joints for Circular Concrete Sewer and Culvert Pipe, Using Rubber Gaskets
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2001
• Referred By: ASTM B745/B745M-15(2021) - Standard Specification for Corrugated Aluminum Pipe for Sewers and Drains
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C507-22 - Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Elliptical Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C1821/C1821M-16(2021)e1 - Standard Practice for Installation of Underground Circular Precast Concrete Manhole Structures
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C76-22a - Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C1885-21 - Standard Specification for Circular Precast Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe for Pipe Jacking
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C14-20 - Standard Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C1846/C1846M-19 - Standard Specification for Performance Based Manufacture of Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C655-19a - Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete D-Load Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C1619-20 - Standard Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joining Concrete Structures
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 443 – 98
Standard Specification for
Joints for Circular Concrete Sewer and Culvert Pipe, Using
Rubber Gaskets
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 443; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-
plastic Rubbers and Thermoplastic Elastomers— Tension
1.1 This specification covers flexible watertight joints for
D 471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liq-
circular concrete sewer and culvert pipe and precast manhole
uids
sections, using rubber gaskets for sealing the joints, where
D 573 Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air
infiltration or exfiltration is a factor in the design. The
Oven
specification covers the design of joints and the requirements
D 1149 Test Method for Rubber Deterioration—Surface
for rubber gaskets to be used therewith, for pipe conforming in
Ozone Cracking in a Chamber
all other respects to Specification C 14 or Specification C 76,
D 2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer
and precast manhole section conforming in all other respects to
Hardness
Specification C 478, provided that if there is conflict in
permissible variations in dimensions the requirements of this
3. Terminology
specification for joints shall govern.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to con-
1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C 443
crete pipe, see Terminology C 822.
has been developed—C 443M; therefore, no metric equivalents
are presented in this specification.
4. Basis of Acceptance
NOTE 1—This specification covers the design, material, and perfor-
4.1 The acceptability of the pipe joints and gaskets shall be
mance of the rubber gasket joint only. Joints covered by this specification
determined by the results of the physical tests prescribed in this
are normally adequate for hydrostatic pressures up to 13 psi (30 ft) without
specification, if and when required, and by inspection to
leakage, when tested in accordance with Section 10. Infiltration or
determine whether the pipe joints and gaskets conform to this
exfiltration quantities for an installed pipeline are dependent upon many
specification as to design and freedom from defects.
factors other than the joints, and allowable quantities must be covered by
other specifications and suitable testing of the installed pipeline and
5. Materials and Manufacture for Gaskets
system.
5.1 All rubber gaskets shall be extruded or molded and
2. Referenced Documents
cured in such a manner that any cross section will be dense,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
homogeneous, and free of porosity, blisters, pitting, and other
C 14 Specification for Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and
imperfections. The gaskets shall be extruded or molded to the
Culvert Pipe
specified size within a tolerance of 66 % on any dimension,
C 76 Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm
measured at any cross section. The rubber gasket shall be
Drain, and Sewer Pipe
fabricated from a high-grade rubber compound. The basic
C 478 Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Man-
polymer shall be natural rubber, synthetic rubber, or a blend of
hole Sections
both acceptable to the owner and meeting the physical require-
C 822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related
ments prescribed in Section 6.
Products
6. Physical Requirements for Gaskets
D 395 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression
Set
6.1 Testing—Testing shall be in accordance with Section 9.
6.1.1 Standard Gasket Requirement—The gaskets shall
1 meet with the following physical requirements:
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-13 on
Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.08 on Rubber
Tensile strength, min 1200 psi
Gaskets. Elongation at break, min, % 350
Current edition approved May 10, 1998. Published December 1998. Originally Shore durometer hardness:
A
Min 35
published as C 443 – 59 T. Last previous edition C 443 – 94.
A
Max 65
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 443
tongue where the gasket seats shall be not more than 3.5°
Compression set, max, % of original deflection 25
Accelerated aging, max % of original
measured from the pipe axis, except that tapers up to 5° may be
Decrease in tensile strength 15
used if proven adequate by plant tests as specified in Section 10
Decrease in elongation 20
and approved by the owner. The conic surface on the spigot or
Liquid immersion, max % weight increase
Water absorption 10
tongue may be modified to properly contain and seat the
Ozone resistance no cracks in accordance
gasket.
with Test Method D 1149
————— 7.1.5 The annular space between the gasket-bearing sur-
A
Allowable variation 65 from manufacturer’s specified hardness provided the
faces of the assembled and centered joint shall be not more
actual hardness is within the limits of 35 to 65.
than 75 % of the uncompressed thickness of the applied gasket
6.1.2 Oil Resistant Gasket Requirements—The compound
including the manufacturer’s tolerances of the joint and gasket.
shall contain not less than 50 % by volume oil resistant
The joint design shall provide for the deflection of a pipe unit
polymer and shall meet the following physical requirements:
by opening one side of the outside perimeter of the joint ⁄2 in.
Tensile strength, min, psi 1220
wider than the assembled position without reducing its water-
Elongation at break, min, % 350
tightness. Where greater deflections are required than provided
Shore durometer hardness, nominal:
A
Min 35
by the joint design, beveled joints or elbows must be provided.
A
Max 65
7.1.6 The gasket shall be the sole element depended upon to
Durometer aging, max, increase 15
make the joint flexible and watertight. The gasket shall be a
Compression set, % (22 h at 158°F) 25
Accelerated aging (96 h at 158°F)
continuous ring which fits snugly into the annular space
Decrease in tensile strength, max, % of original 20
between the overlapping surfaces of the assembled pipe joint to
Decrease in elongation, max, % of original 40
form a flexible watertight seal.
Liquid immersion (volume change):
Oil, max, % after immersion in ASTM #3 for 70 h at 80
7.1.7 The gasket shall not be stretched more than 30 % of its
212°F
original circumference when seated on the spigot or tongue end
Water, max, % after immersion for 48 h at 158°F 15
of the pipe.
Ozone resistance, after 72 h exposure in 50 PPHM no visible
ozone concentration at 104°F cracking
7.1.8 Where the particular joint design utilizing a rubber
—————
gasket dictates the use of a lubricant to facilitate assembly, the
A
Allowable variation 65 from manufacturers specified hardness provided the
lubricant composition shall have no detrimental effect on the
actual hardness is within the limits of 35 to 65.
performance of the gasket and joint due to prolonged exposure.
6.2 If a splice is used in the manufacture of the gasket, the
strength shall be such that the gasket shall withstand 100 %
NOTE 2—Joints in an assembled position are defined as joints in the
elongation over the part of the gasket which includes the splice
position after assembly in accordance with the manufacturer’s design.
with no visible separation of the splice. While in the stretched
7.2 Alternative Joint Designs—If permitted by the owner,
position, the gasket shall be rotated in the spliced area a
manufacturers may submit to the owner detailed designs for
minimum of 180° in each direction in order to inspect for
joints and gaskets other than those described in Section 7.
separation. In addition, any portion of the splice shall be
Design submissions shall include joint geometry, tolerances,
capable of passing a bend test without visible separation. The
gasket characteristics, proposed plant tests, gasket splice bend
bend test for gaskets is defined as wrapping the portion of the
tests, and such other information as required by the owner to
unstretched gasket containing the splice a minimum of 180°
evaluate the joint design for fie
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