ASTM D1212-91(1996)e1

Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Wet Film Thickness of Organic Coatings

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of wet film thickness of organic coatings such as paint, varnish, and lacquer. Two methods are described as follows:
1.1.1 In Test Method A, the Wet Film Thickness Gage (English or Metric graduation (see 5.1)) is used to measure wet film thicknesses up to 60 mils on the English scale series, and up to 700 m on the metric scale series (Sections 5-8).
1.1.2 In Test Method B, the Pfund Gage is used to measure wet film thicknesses up to 14.2 mils (360 µm) (Sections 9-13).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2000
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.23 - Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films

Relations

• Referred By: ASTM D3794-22 - Standard Guide for Testing Coil Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D3276-21 - Standard Guide for Painting Inspectors (Metal Substrates)
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM E1797-12(2017)e1 - Standard Specification for Reinforced Liquid Coating Encapsulation Products for Leaded Paint in Buildings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D6577-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Testing Industrial Protective Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D823-18(2022) - Standard Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Coatings and Related Products on Test Panels
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D6803-19 - Standard Practice for Testing and Sampling of Volatile Organic Compounds (Including Carbonyl Compounds) Emitted from Architectural Coatings Using Small-Scale Environmental Chambers
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D6669-19 - Standard Practice for Selecting and Constructing Exposure Scenarios for Assessment of Exposures to Alkyd and Latex Interior Paints
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D7377-09(2018) - Standard Practice for Evaluating the Water Wash-Off Resistance of Traffic Paints using a Water Faucet
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM E1795-20a - Standard Specification for Non-Reinforced Liquid Coating Encapsulation Products for Leaded Paint in Buildings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D7538-09(2018) - Standard Practice for Evaluating the Water Wash-Off Resistance of Traffic Paints Using an Atomizing Spray Device
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM E1796-20 - Standard Guide for Selection and Use of Liquid Coating Encapsulation Products for Leaded Paint in Buildings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D4414-95(2020) - Standard Practice for Measurement of Wet Film Thickness by Notch Gages
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D6237-19 - Standard Guide for Painting Inspectors (Concrete and Masonry Substrates)
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D3730-17(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing High-Performance Interior Architectural Wall Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D711-23 - Standard Test Method for No-Pick-Up Time of Pavement Markings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
Designation: D 1212 – 91 (Reapproved 1996)
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Methods for
Measurement of Wet Film Thickness of Organic Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1212; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Unit of measurement statement added editorially in June 1996.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of wet film 4.1 Wet film thickness measurements aid in the prediction
thickness of organic coatings such as paint, varnish, and of dry film thickness. In instances where dry film thickness
lacquer. Two methods are described as follows: cannot be measured nondestructively, wet film thickness is
1.1.1 In Test Method A, the Wet Film Thickness Gage frequently specified. Also, the ability to determine wet film
(English or Metric graduation (see 5.1)) is used to measure wet thickness during application can provide the opportunity to
film thicknesses up to 60 mils on the English scale series, and correct the application procedures.
up to 700 μm on the metric scale series (Sections 5-8).
TEST METHOD A
1.1.2 In Test Method B, the Pfund Gage is used to measure
wet film thicknesses up to 14.2 mils (360 μm) (Sections 9-13).
5. Apparatus
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
5.1 Wet Film Thickness Gage—Two versions of the gage are
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
now in use: The original design as shown in Fig. 1 and a later
information only.
design as shown in Fig. 2. Both designs consists of an eccentric
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
center wheel supported by two concentric wheels so as to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
provide two scales that are bilaterally symmetrical. As the gage
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
is rolled on the film, there is a change in clearance between the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
wet film and the eccentric wheel. The point at which the film
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
first touches the center wheel measures the thickness of the
film.
2. Referenced Documents
5.2 The later design shown in Fig. 2, moves the eccentric
2.1 ASTM Standards:
wheel from between the concentric wheels, as shown in Fig. 1,
D 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
to the outside of the gage and closer to one of the concentric
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
wheels. Gage reading errors of parallax across the gage are
3. Summary of Test Methods eliminated as the two scales are placed directly on the eccentric
wheel and errors when measuring on uneven support surfaces
3.1 The material is applied in the laboratory to plane, rigid
are reduced by placing the eccentric wheel closer to one of the
test panels or in the field to the surface being coated. The wet
supporting concentric wheels.
film thickness is determined as quickly as possible to reduce
5.3 Best precision is obtained when using the near linear
shrinkage due to solvent loss.
central portion of each scale, constituting about 80 % of its
3.2 In Test Method A, a gage with one eccentric and two
total range as shown in the diagram in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
concentric wheels is rolled over the surface and the point where
Therefore, the range of the particular gage selected for use
the eccentric wheel first touches the wet film is determined.
should be such that the measured film thickness falls within,
3.3 In Test Method B, a gage with a convex lower surface is
and preferably toward the center of the middle 80 % of each
pushed into the wet film until the center touches the substrate.
scale. Gages are available covering the following ranges in
The diameter of the spot of wet coating left on the convex
mils and microns:
surface is measured and the film thickness calculated from the
diameter of the spot and the radius of curvature.
Both versions of this gage (Interchemical (INMONT) and Model “C”),
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint available from BYK-Gardner, Inc., are covered by U.S. Patents 2 507 592 and
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct responsibility 3 128 558, and are issued to Maynard R. Euverard. Interested parties are invited to
of Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films. submit information regarding the identification of acceptable alternatives to this
Current edition approved May 15, 1991. Published July 1991. Originally patented item to the Committee on Standards, ASTM Headquarters. Your comments
published as D 1212 – 52 T. Last previous edition D 1212 – 85. will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. committee, which you may attend.
D 1212
FIG. 1 Interchemical Wet Film Thickness Gages
FIG. 2 Model “C” Wet Film Thickness Gages
the gage and repeat in the opposite direction. Read the points
Smallest
Range, mils
Graduation, mils
at which the coating first makes contact with the eccentric
0to2 0.1
wheel and determine the mean which is considered as one
0to4 0.2
reading.
2to12 0.5
10 to 30 1.0
6.3 If the coating contains a solvent that evaporates rapidly
20 to 60 2.0
or if the solids content is low, make at least a second separate
Smallest
Range, μm
reading on a freshly applied film and calculate the mean of the
Graduation, μm
0to40 2.0 separate readings.
0 to 100 5.00
50 to 250 10.00
7. Report
200 to 700 25.00
7.1 Report the mean of the separate readings and the range
6. Procedure and smallest graduation of the gage used.
6.1 Apply the material in accordance with Practices D 823
8. Precision
to suitable plane rigid panels of area sufficiently large to permit
8.1 In an interlaboratory study of this test method, in which
film thickness measurements at least 1 in. (25 mm) from any
two operators in at least six laboratories made measurements
edge. Determine the film thickness immediately after applica-
with the 0- to 2- and 0- to 4-mil gages on three materials,
tion.
applied at two film thicknesses, the pooled within-laboratory
6.2 Support the test panels on a suitable level base in such
standard deviation was found to be 0.12 mils with 34 df and the
a way that there will be no movement or spring of the panels
between-laboratories standard deviation 0.18 for two determi-
during the film thickness measurements. Place the gage on the
nations an
...