ASTM D4886-10(2016)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Geotextiles (Sand Paper/Sliding Block Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Geotextiles (Sand Paper/Sliding Block Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of geotextiles, but caution is advised since information on the precision of the test is lacking. Comparative testing as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.
5.2 The resistance of abrasion is also greatly affected by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant, variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension of the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimens.
5.3 The resistance of geotextile materials to abrasion as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory is generally only one of several factors contributing to performance or durability as experienced in the actual use of the material. While “abrasion resistance” and“ durability” are frequently related, the relationship varies with different end uses, and different factors may be necessary in any calculation of predicted durability from specific abrasion data. Laboratory tests may ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of resistance of geotextiles to abrasion using an abrasion tester. This test method at this point has only been evaluated for geotextiles—not geomembranes, grids, etc. Therefore, the test method is designated for geotextiles, not geosynthetics, as all products may not lend themselves to this test method for abrasion. If later developments indicate a wider scope for this test method, appropriate changes will be made.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in inch-pound units are provided as information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4886 − 10 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Abrasion Resistance of Geotextiles (Sand Paper/Sliding
Block Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4886; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.1 abrasion, n—the wearing away of any part of a
material by rubbing against another surface. D123
1.1 This test method covers the determination of resistance
3.2.2 loss in breaking force, n—percent comparison of
of geotextiles to abrasion using an abrasion tester. This test
breaking force before and after abrasion.
method at this point has only been evaluated for geotextiles—
not geomembranes, grids, etc. Therefore, the test method is
4. Summary of Test Method
designated for geotextiles, not geosynthetics, as all products
4.1 A test specimen, mounted on a stationary platform is
may not lend themselves to this test method for abrasion. If
rubbed by an abradant with specified surface characteristics.
later developments indicate a wider scope for this test method,
Under controlled conditions of pressure and abrasive action,
appropriate changes will be made.
the abradant is rubbed on a horizontal axis using a uniaxional
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
motion. Resistance to abrasions is expressed as a percentage of
standard. The values given in inch-pound units are provided as
original strength before abrading.
information only.
5. Significance and Use
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 This test method may be used for acceptance testing of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
commercial shipments of geotextiles, but caution is advised
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
since information on the precision of the test is lacking.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Comparative testing as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
2. Referenced Documents
reported test results when using this test method, the purchaser
2.1 ASTM Standards:
and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Compe-
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
tent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled
of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of
Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testing
testspecimensthatareashomogeneousaspossibleandthatare
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
from a lot of material of the type in question. The test
D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers
Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
to each laboratory for testing.The average results from the two
laboratories should be compared using Student’s t-test for
3. Terminology
unpaireddataandanacceptableprobabilitylevelchosenbythe
3.1 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,
two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either
refer to Terminologies D123 or D4439.
its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the
supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the
3.2 Definitions:
known bias.
5.2 The resistance of abrasion is also greatly affected by the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant, variable
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endur-
ance Properties.
action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the
Current edition approved June 1, 2016. Published June 2016. Originally
tension of the specimen, the pressure between the specimen
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4486 – 10. DOI:
and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimens.
10.1520/D4886-10R16.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.3 The resistance of geotextile materials to abrasion as
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
measured on a testing machine in the laboratory is generally
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. only one of several factors contributing to performance or
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4886 − 10 (2016)
manufacturer or supplier. When testing for abrasion is performed,
durability as experienced in the actual use of the material.
however, the sampling should be as described in Section 7.
While “abrasion resistance” and“ durability” are frequently
related, the relationship varies with different end uses, and 7.2 Laboratory Sample—Take for the laboratory sample, a
different factors may be necessary in any calculation of swatch extending the width of the fabric and approximately
predicted durability from specific abrasion data. Laboratory 1 m (39 in.) along the selvage from each roll in the lot sample.
tests may be reliable as an indication of relative end-use The swatch may be taken from the end portion of a roll
performance in cases where the difference in abrasion resis- provided there is no evidence that it is distorted or different
tanceofvariousmaterialsislarge,buttheyshouldnotberelied from other portions of the roll. In cases of dispute, take a
upon for prediction of actual in-situation life in specific end swatch that will exclude fabric from the outer wrap of the roll
uses unless there are data showing the specific relationship or the inner wrap around the core.
between laboratory abrasion tests and actual in-situation life in
7.3 Test Specimens—From each swatch in the laboratory
the intended end-use.
sample, prepare two sets of specimens each containing five
5.4 These general observations apply to all types of fabrics, specimens.Cutrectangularspecimens75by200 61mm(3by
including woven, nonwoven, and knit fabrics. 8 6 ⁄16 in.). Cut the set of specimens to be tested in the
machine direction with the longer dimension parallel to the
5.5 If there is a disagreement arising from differences in
machine direction and the set of specimens to be tested in the
values reported by the purchaser and the seller when using this
cross-machine direction with the longer dimension in the
test method for acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any,
cross-machine direction. Take each set of specimens from a
between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of
swatch along a diagonal so that they will be taken from
the seller should be determined with each comparison being
different positions across the length and width of the swatch.
based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sam-
Take no specimens nearer to the selvage than ⁄20 th of the
pling unit of material of the type being evaluated.
fabric width or 150 mm (6 in.), whichever is the smaller.
6. Apparatus
8. Conditioning
6.1 Abrasion Tester, having the following essential parts:
8.1 Bring the specimens to moisture equilibrium in the
6.1.1 Balanced Head and Block Assembly—The assembly
atmospherefortestinggeotextiles.Equilibriumisconsideredto
should be two parallel, smooth plates, one of which makes a
have been reached when the increase in mass of the specimen
reciprocating motion. The speed of the reciprocating plate
in successive weighings made at intervals o
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4886 − 10 D4886 − 10 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Abrasion Resistance of Geotextiles (Sand Paper/Sliding
Block Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4886; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of resistance of geotextiles to abrasion using an abrasion tester. This test method
at this point has only been evaluated for geotextiles—not geomembranes, grids, etc. Therefore, the test method is designated for
geotextiles, not geosynthetics, as all products may not lend themselves to this test method for abrasion. If later developments
indicate a wider scope for this test method, appropriate changes will be made.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in inch-pound units are provided as information
only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testing
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of other terms used in this test method, refer to Terminologies D123 or D4439.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 abrasion, n—the wearing away of any part of a material by rubbing against another surface. D123
3.2.2 loss in breaking force, n—percent comparison of breaking force before and after abrasion.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A test specimen, mounted on a stationary platform is rubbed by an abradant with specified surface characteristics. Under
controlled conditions of pressure and abrasive action, the abradant is rubbed on a horizontal axis using a uniaxional motion.
Resistance to abrasions is expressed as a percentage of original strength before abrading.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of geotextiles, but caution is advised since
information on the precision of the test is lacking. Comparative testing as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method, the purchaser and the
supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical
assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endurance Properties.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010June 1, 2016. Published October 2010June 2016. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20022010 as
D4486–88(2002).D4486 – 10. DOI: 10.1520/D4886-10.10.1520/D4886-10R16.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4886 − 10 (2016)
are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be
randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be
compared using Student’s t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing
is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret
future test results in light of the known bias.
5.2 The resistance of abrasion is also greatly affected by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant, variable
action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension of the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and
abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimens.
5.3 The resistance of geotextile materials to abrasion as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory is generally only one
of several factors contributing to performance or durability as experienced in the actual use of the material. While “abrasion
resistance” and“ durability” are frequently related, the relationship varies with different end uses, and different factors may be
necessary in any calculation of predicted durability from specific abrasion data. Laboratory tests may be reliable as an indication
of relative end-use performance in cases where the difference in abrasion resistance of various materials is large, but they should
not be relied upon for prediction of actual in-situation life in specific end uses unless there are data showing the specific
relationship between laboratory abrasion tests and actual in-situation life in the intended end-use.
5.4 These general observations apply to all types of fabrics, including woven, nonwoven, and knit fabrics.
5.5 If there is a disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the seller when using this test
method for acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the seller
should be determined with each comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sampling unit of material
of the type being evaluated.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Abrasion Tester, having the following essential parts:
6.1.1 Balanced Head and Block Assembly—The assembly should be two parallel, smooth plates, one of which makes a
reciprocating motion. The speed of the reciprocating plate should be adjustable between 10 and 115 double strokes per minute.
The stroke length should be 25 mm (1 in.). The second plate is rigidly supported by a double-lever assembly to provide free
movement in a direction perpendicular to the reciprocating plate. This plate is stationary during the test and must be well balanced
so that a vertical load can be maintained by means of dead weights. Both plates are equipped with clamps at each end to hold the
test sample and the abrading medium. The clamps have gripping surfaces adequate to prevent slippage of the specimen or the
abrading material during the test.
6.1.2 Indicator—Means should be provided for indicating the number of cycles (1 cycle = 1 double stroke).
6.1.3 Weights—Weights should be provided for applying a vertical load to the specimen.
7. Sampling
7.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing, or routine product evaluation, take at random the number of rolls of
fabric directed in an applicable material specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, such as agreement
to use Practice D4354. Consider rolls of fabric to be the primary sampling unit.
NOTE 1—Abrasion testing is a nonroutine quality control test for geotextiles and will not normally be performed on every lot by the manufacturer or
supplier. When testing for abrasion is performed, however, the sampling should be as described i
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.