ASTM A356/A356M-07

Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines

ABSTRACT
This specification covers one grade of martensitic stainless steel and several grades of ferritic steel castings for cylindrical (shells), valve chests, throttle valves, and other heavy-walled castings for steam turbine applications. The steel shall be made by the open-hearth or electric-furnace process. Deoxidation of the carbon and low-alloy steel grades shall be by manganese and silicon. The castings shall be heat treated in either the normalized, tempered, or stress-relieved conditions. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation shall be determined by subjecting the specimens to a tension test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers one grade of martensitic stainless steel and several grades of ferritic steel castings for cylinders (shells), valve chests, throttle valves, and other heavy-walled castings for steam turbine applications.
1.2 Optional supplementary requirements (S1 through S5) shall apply as selected by and specified by the purchaser.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2007
• ICS: 77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.18 - Castings

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A356/A356M-05 - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines
• Effective Date: 01-May-2007
• Replaced By: ASTM A356/A356M-11 - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2011
• Referred By: ASTM A488/A488M-18e2 - Standard Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and Personnel
• Effective Date: 01-May-2007
• Referred By: ASTM E8/E8M-22 - Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-May-2007

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A356/A356M – 07
Standard Specification for
Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel,
1
Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA356/A356M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2.2 Manufacturers’ Standardization Society of the Valve
3
and Fitting Industry Standard:
1.1 This specification covers one grade of martensitic stain-
SP-55 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves,
less steel and several grades of ferritic steel castings for
Flanges, and Fittings and Other Piping Components (Vi-
cylinders (shells), valve chests, throttle valves, and other
sual Method)
heavy-walled castings for steam turbine applications.
1.2 Optional supplementary requirements (S1 through S5)
3. Classification
shall apply as selected by and specified by the purchaser.
3.1 The castings are furnished in the grades shown in Table
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
1.
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
4. Ordering Information
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
4.1 Orders for material to this specification should include
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
the following information:
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
4.1.1 A description of the casting by pattern number or
cation.
drawing (dimensional tolerances shall be included on the
casting drawing),
2. Referenced Documents
2
4.1.2 Grade of steel,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1.3 Options in the specification, and
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
4.1.4 The supplementary requirements desired, including
of Steel Products
the standards of acceptance.
A488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Quali-
fications of Procedures and Personnel
5. Melting Process
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination
5.1 The steel shall be made by the open-hearth or electric-
E125 Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indica-
furnace process.
tions on Ferrous Castings
5.2 Deoxidation Practice:
E165 PracticeforLiquidPenetrantExaminationforGeneral
5.2.1 Deoxidation of the carbon and low-alloy steel grades
Industry
shall be by manganese and silicon. Furnace or ladle deoxida-
E186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 412-
tion with other agents is permissible with the approval of the
in. [51 to 114-mm]) Steel Castings
purchaser.
E280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (412 to
5.2.2 The purchaser may specify that no aluminum be
12-in. [114 to 305-mm]) Steel Castings
added.
E446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in.
5.2.3 Vacuum deoxidation is acceptable. The specific
[51 mm] in Thickness
method shall be subject to approval by the purchaser.
E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
6. Heat Treatment
6.1 Preliminary Heat Treatment—The castings may receive
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
such preliminary heat treatment as the founder may elect to
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
employ.
A01.18 on Castings.
6.2 Heat Treatment for Final Properties:
Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published May 2007. Originally
approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as A356/A356M – 05.
DOI: 10.1520/A0356_A0356M-07.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM AvailablefromManufacturersStandardizationSocietyoftheValveandFittings
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http://www.mss-
the ASTM website. hq.com.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A356/A356M – 07
2
A
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, %
Grade/ Material
Phosphorus,
UNS Carbon Manganese Silicon Sulfur, max Molybdenum Chromium Nickel Vanadium Columbium Nitrogen Aluminum Other
max
Number
B B
1 carbon steel 0.35 max 0.70 max 0.60max 0.035 0.030 . . . . . . . .
J03502
B B
1
2 ⁄2 % molybdenum 0.25 max 0.70 max 0.60 max 0.035 0.030 0.45-0.65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J12523
B B
1 1
5 ⁄2 % chromium, ⁄2 % 0.25 max 0.70 max 0.60 max 0.035 0.030 0.40-0.60 0.40-0.70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A 356/A 356M – 07
Standard Specification for
Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel,
1
Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 356/A 356M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers one grade of martensitic stainless steel and several grades of ferritic steel castings for cylinders
(shells), valve chests, throttle valves, and other heavy-walled castings for steam turbine applications.
1.2 Optional supplementary requirements (S1 through S5) shall apply as selected by and specified by the purchaser.
1.3 Thevaluesstatedineitherinch-poundunitsorSIunitsaretoberegardedseparatelyasstandard.Withinthetext,theSIunits
are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used
independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A 488/A 488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and Personnel
E 94 Guide for Radiographic Examination
E 125 Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indications on Ferrous Castings
E 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination
E 186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 412-in. [51 to 114-mm]) Steel Castings
E 280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (412 to 12-in. [114 to 305-mm]) Steel Castings
E 446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in. [51 mm] in Thickness
E 709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination
3
2.2 Manufacturers’ Standardization Society of the Valve and Fitting Industry Standard:
SP-55 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves, Flanges, and Fittings and Other Piping Components (Visual Method)
3. Classification
3.1 The castings are furnished in the grades shown in Table 1.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for material to this specification should include the following information:
4.1.1 A description of the casting by pattern number or drawing (dimensional tolerances shall be included on the casting
drawing),
4.1.2 Grade of steel,
4.1.3 Options in the specification, and
4.1.4 The supplementary requirements desired, including the standards of acceptance.
5. Melting Process
5.1 The steel shall be made by the open-hearth or electric-furnace process.
5.2 Deoxidation Practice:
5.2.1 Deoxidationofthecarbonandlow-alloysteelgradesshallbebymanganeseandsilicon.Furnaceorladledeoxidationwith
other agents is permissible with the approval of the purchaser.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.18
on Castings.
Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published May 2007. Originally approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as A 356/A 356M – 05.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http://www.mss-hq.com.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A 356/A 356M – 07
2
A
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, %
Grade/ Material
Phosphorus,
UNS Carbon Manganese Silicon Sulfur, max Molybdenum Chromium Nickel Vanadium Columbium Nitrogen Aluminum Other
max
Number
B B
1 carbon steel 0.35 max 0.70 max 0.60max 0.035 0.030 . . . . . . . .
J03502
B B
1
2 ⁄2 % molybdenum 0.25 max 0.70 max 0.60 max 0.035 0.030 0.45-0.65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J12523
B B
1 1
5 ⁄2 % chromium, ⁄2 % 0.25 max 0.70 max 0.60 max 0.035 0.030 0.40-0.60 0.40-0.70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J12540 molybdenum
1 1
6 1 ⁄4 % chromium, ⁄2 % 0.20 max 0.50-0.80 0.60 max 0.035 0.030 0.45-0.65 1.00-1.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...