ASTM A356/A356M-11

Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines

ABSTRACT
This specification covers one grade of martensitic stainless steel and several grades of ferritic steel castings for cylindrical (shells), valve chests, throttle valves, and other heavy-walled castings for steam turbine applications. The steel shall be made by the open-hearth or electric-furnace process. Deoxidation of the carbon and low-alloy steel grades shall be by manganese and silicon. The castings shall be heat treated in either the normalized, tempered, or stress-relieved conditions. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation shall be determined by subjecting the specimens to a tension test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers one grade of martensitic stainless steel and several grades of ferritic steel castings for cylinders (shells), valve chests, throttle valves, and other heavy-walled castings for steam turbine applications.
1.2 Optional supplementary requirements (S1 through S5) shall apply as selected by and specified by the purchaser.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2011
• ICS: 77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.18 - Castings

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A356/A356M-07 - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2011
• Replaced By: ASTM A356/A356M-11(2016) - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2016
• Referred By: ASTM A488/A488M-18e2 - Standard Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and Personnel
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E8/E8M-22 - Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A356/A356M −11
StandardSpecification for
Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel,
1
Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA356/A356M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
2.2 Manufacturers’StandardizationSocietyoftheValveand
1.1 This specification covers one grade of martensitic stain-
3
Fittings Industry Standard:
less steel and several grades of ferritic steel castings for
SP-55 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves,
cylinders (shells), valve chests, throttle valves, and other
Flanges, Fittings, and Other Piping Components (Visual
heavy-walled castings for steam turbine applications.
Method)
1.2 Optional supplementary requirements (S1 through S5)
3. Classification
shall apply as selected by and specified by the purchaser.
3.1 The castings are furnished in the grades shown in Table
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
1.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
4. Ordering Information
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
4.1 Orders for material to this specification should include
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
the following information:
with the standard.
4.1.1 A description of the casting by pattern number or
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
drawing (dimensional tolerances shall be included on the
2. Referenced Documents
casting drawing),
2
4.1.2 Grade of steel,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1.3 Options in the specification, and
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
4.1.4 The supplementary requirements desired, including
of Steel Products
the standards of acceptance.
A488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifi-
cations of Procedures and Personnel
5. Melting Process
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination
5.1 The steel shall be made by the open-hearth or electric-
E125 Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indica-
furnace process.
tions on Ferrous Castings
E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General
5.2 Deoxidation Practice:
Industry 5.2.1 Deoxidation of the carbon and low-alloy steel grades
1
E186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4 ⁄2-in.
shall be by manganese and silicon. Furnace or ladle deoxida-
(50.8 to 114-mm)) Steel Castings tion with other agents is permissible with the approval of the
1
E280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (4 ⁄2 to 12-
purchaser.
in. (114 to 305-mm)) Steel Castings 5.2.2 The purchaser may specify that no aluminum be
E446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in.
added.
(50.8 mm) in Thickness
5.2.3 Vacuum deoxidation is acceptable. The specific
method shall be subject to approval by the purchaser.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, 6. Heat Treatment
Stainless Steel and Related Alloysand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
6.1 Preliminary Heat Treatment—The castings may receive
A01.18 on Castings.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originally such preliminary heat treatment as the founder may elect to
approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A356/A356M – 07.
employ.
DOI: 10.1520/A0356_A0356M-11.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM AvailablefromManufacturersStandardizationSocietyoftheValveandFittings
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA22180-4602, http://www.mss-hq.org.
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A356/A356M−11
2
A
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, %
Grade/ Material
Phosphorus,
UNS Carbon Manganese Silicon Sulfur, max Molybdenum Chromium Nickel Vanadium Columbium Nitrogen Aluminum Other
max
Number
B B
1 carbon steel 0.35 max 0.70 max 0.60max 0.035 0.030 . . . . . . . .
J03502
B B
1
2 ⁄2 % molybdenum 0.25 max 0.70 max 0.60 max 0.035 0.030 0.45-0.65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J12523
B B
1 1
5 ⁄2 % chromium, ⁄2 % 0.25 max 0.70 max 0.60 max 0.035 0.030 0.40-0.60 0.40-0.70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J12540 molybdenum
1 1
6 1 ⁄
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A356/A356M − 11 A356/A356M − 11
Standard Specification for
Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel,
1
Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A356/A356M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers one grade of martensitic stainless steel and several grades of ferritic steel castings for cylinders
(shells), valve chests, throttle valves, and other heavy-walled castings for steam turbine applications.
1.2 Optional supplementary requirements (S1 through S5) shall apply as selected by and specified by the purchaser.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and Personnel
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination
E125 Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indications on Ferrous Castings
E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry
1
E186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4 ⁄2-in. (50.8 to 114-mm)) Steel Castings
1
E280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (4 ⁄2 to 12-in. (114 to 305-mm)) Steel Castings
E446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in. (50.8 mm) in Thickness
E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
3
2.2 Manufacturers’ Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry Standard:
SP-55 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves, Flanges, Fittings, and Other Piping Components (Visual Method)
3. Classification
3.1 The castings are furnished in the grades shown in Table 1.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for material to this specification should include the following information:
4.1.1 A description of the casting by pattern number or drawing (dimensional tolerances shall be included on the casting
drawing),
4.1.2 Grade of steel,
4.1.3 Options in the specification, and
4.1.4 The supplementary requirements desired, including the standards of acceptance.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloysand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.18
on Castings.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originally approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A356/A356M – 07. DOI:
10.1520/A0356_A0356M-11.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http://www.mss-hq.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A356/A356M − 11
2
A
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, %
Grade/ Material
Phosphorus,
UNS Carbon Manganese Silicon Sulfur, max Molybdenum Chromium Nickel Vanadium Columbium Nitrogen Aluminum Other
max
Number
B B
1 carbon steel 0.35 max 0.70 max 0.60 max 0.035 0.030 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J03502
B B
1
2 ⁄2 % molybdenum 0.25 max 0.70 max 0.60 max 0.035 0.030 0.45-0.65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J12523
1 1 B B
5 ⁄2 % chromium, ⁄2 % 0.25 max 0.70 max 0.60 max 0.035 0.030 0.40-0.60 0.40-0.70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J12540 molybdenum
1 1
6 1 ⁄4 % chromium, ⁄2 % 0.20 max 0.50-0.80 0.60 max 0.035 0.030 0.45-0.65 1.00-1.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J12073 molybdenum
8 1 % chromium, 1 % 0.20 max 0.50-0.90 0.20-0.60 0.035 0.030 0.90-1.20 1.00-1.50 . . . 0.05-0.15 . . . . . . . . . . . .
J11697 molybdenum, vanadium
9 1 % chromium
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A356/A356M–07 Designation: A356/A356M – 11
Standard Specification for
Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel,
1
Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA356/A356M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers one grade of martensitic stainless steel and several grades of ferritic steel castings for cylinders
(shells), valve chests, throttle valves, and other heavy-walled castings for steam turbine applications.
1.2 Optional supplementary requirements (S1 through S5) shall apply as selected by and specified by the purchaser.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-poundSI units or SIinch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the
text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system aremay not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
mustshall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
specification. standard.
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and Personnel
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination
E125 Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indications on Ferrous Castings
E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry
E186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 412-in. (50.8 to 114-mm)) Steel Castings
E280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (412 to 12-in. (114 to 305-mm)) Steel Castings
E446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in. (50.8 mm) in Thickness
E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
3
2.2 Manufacturers’ Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry Standard:
SP-55 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves, Flanges, and FittingsFittings, and Other Piping Components (Visual
Method)
3. Classification
3.1 The castings are furnished in the grades shown in Table 1.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for material to this specification should include the following information:
4.1.1 A description of the casting by pattern number or drawing (dimensional tolerances shall be included on the casting
drawing),
4.1.2 Grade of steel,
4.1.3 Options in the specification, and
4.1.4 The supplementary requirements desired, including the standards of acceptance.
5. Melting Process
5.1 The steel shall be made by the open-hearth or electric-furnace process.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.18
on Castings.
Current edition approved MayOct. 1, 2007.2011. Published May 2007.November 2011. Originally approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 20052007 as
A356/A356M – 057. DOI: 10.1520/A0356_A0356M-0711.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA22180-4602, http://www.mss-hq.comrg.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A356/A356M – 11
2
A
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, %
Grade/ Material
Phosphorus,
UNS Carbon Manganese Silicon Sulfur, max Molybdenum Chromium Nickel Vanadium Columbium Nitrogen Aluminum Other
max
Number
B B
1 carbon steel 0.35 max 0.70 max 0.60max 0.035 0.030 . . . . . . . .
J03502
B B
1
2 ⁄2 % molybdenum 0.25 max 0.70 max 0.60 max 0.035 0.030 0.45-0.65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J12523
B B
1 1
5 ⁄2 % chromium, ⁄2 % 0.25 max 0.70 max 0.60 max 0.035 0.030 0.40-0.60 0.40-0.70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J12540 molybdenum
1 1
6 1 ⁄4 % chromium, ⁄2 % 0.20 max 0.50-0.80 0.60 max 0.035 0.030 0.45-0.65 1.00-1.50 . . . . . . . . . . .
...