ASTM D2247-10

Standard Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings in 100% Relative Humidity

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Water can cause the degradation of coatings, so knowledge of how a coating resists water is helpful for assessing how it will perform in actual service. Failure in tests at 100 % relative humidity may be caused by a number of factors including a deficiency in the coating itself, contamination of the substrate, or inadequate surface preparation. This practice is therefore useful for evaluating coatings alone or complete coating systems.
Tests at 100 % relative humidity are used for specification acceptance, quality control, and research and development for coatings and substrate treatments. Some tests are used for a pass or fail determination at an arbitrary time. A coating system is considered to pass if there is no evidence of water-related failure after a period of time. Other tests are used to monitor degree of failure as a function of exposure time.
Arbitrary pass/fail levels and the test durations required are typically set in other material specific test methods. Users of this practice alone may use the known performance of the controls to set test end points. Another option is to continue the test until all specimens have failed, and use the time to reach failure as a way to differentiate performance.
Results obtained from the use of 100 % humidity tests in accordance with this practice should not be represented as being equivalent to a period of exposure to water in the natural environment, until the degree of quantitative correlation has been established for the coating or coating system.
The test chamber can be a small laboratory cabinet or a room large enough to hold an automobile or a truck. Some automobile manufacturers test completed vehicles in rooms maintained at 100 % relative humidity.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating procedures for testing water resistance of coatings by exposing coated specimens in an atmosphere maintained at 100 % relative humidity so that condensation forms on the test specimens.
1.2 This practice uses the technique of creating a slight temperature differential within the exposure area to form condensation on the coated specimens. As the warmer saturated air passes the cooler specimens, water is deposited onto the specimens in the form of condensation.
1.3 This practice places the entire specimen in the exposure area allowing condensation to form on all surfaces. This makes this practice suitable for flat panels as well as large or 3D objects. This practice differs from other methods where condensation is only formed on the front coating surface, but the back surface is outside the exposure area. Other tests may also deposit water droplets on the surface but where the source is not from condensation.
Note 1—Alternative practices for testing the water resistance of coatings include Practices D870, D1735, and D4585.
1.4 This practice is limited to the methods of obtaining, measuring, and controlling the conditions and procedures of tests conducted in 100 % relative humidity. It does not specify specimen preparation, or evaluation of results.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2010
• ICS: 87.040 - Paints and varnishes
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.27 - Accelerated Testing

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D2247-02 - Standard Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings in 100% Relative Humidity
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Referred By: ASTM E2570/E2570M-07(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Water-Resistive Barrier (WRB) Coatings Used under Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) or EIFS with Drainage
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D1654-08(2016)e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D6577-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Testing Industrial Protective Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Referred By: ASTM E2568-17a - Standard Specification for PB Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D3730-17(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing High-Performance Interior Architectural Wall Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D870-15(2020) - Standard Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water Immersion
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D3794-22 - Standard Guide for Testing Coil Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D1735-21 - Standard Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water Fog Apparatus
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D3451-06(2017) - Standard Guide for Testing Coating Powders and Powder Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Referred By: ASTM F1075-97(2018) - Standard Specification for Dehumidifier, Shipboard, Mechanically Refrigerated, Self-Contained
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Referred By: ASTM F1428-23 - Standard Specification for Aluminum Particle-Filled Basecoat/Organic or Inorganic Topcoat, Corrosion Protective Coatings for Fasteners
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D2649-20a - Standard Test Method for Corrosion Characteristics of Solid Film Lubricants
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D4585/D4585M-18 - Standard Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Controlled Condensation
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D7893-13(2018) - Standard Guide for Corrosion Test Panel Preparation, Testing, and Rating of Coil-Coated Building Products
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D2247–10
Standard Practice for
Testing Water Resistance of Coatings in 100% Relative
1
Humidity
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2247; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating 2.1 ASTM Standards:
procedures for testing water resistance of coatings by exposing D609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels
coated specimens in an atmosphere maintained at 100 % for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and
relative humidity so that condensation forms on the test Related Coating Products
specimens. D610 Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted
1.2 This practice uses the technique of creating a slight Steel Surfaces
temperature differential within the exposure area to form D714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of
condensation on the coated specimens. As the warmer satu- Paints
rated air passes the cooler specimens, water is deposited onto D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
the specimens in the form of condensation. of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
1.3 This practice places the entire specimen in the exposure D870 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
area allowing condensation to form on all surfaces.This makes Using Water Immersion
this practice suitable for flat panels as well as large or 3D D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
objects. This practice differs from other methods where con- D1654 Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated
densation is only formed on the front coating surface, but the Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments
back surface is outside the exposure area. Other tests may also D1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and
deposit water droplets on the surface but where the source is Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for Painting
not from condensation. D1735 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
Using Water Fog Apparatus
NOTE 1—Alternative practices for testing the water resistance of
D2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-
coatings include Practices D870, D1735, and D4585.
ence With a Gray Scale
1.4 This practice is limited to the methods of obtaining,
D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test
measuring, and controlling the conditions and procedures of
D3363 Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil Test
tests conducted in 100 % relative humidity. It does not specify
D4541 TestMethodforPull-OffStrengthofCoatingsUsing
specimen preparation, or evaluation of results.
Portable Adhesion Testers
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D4585 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Using Controlled Condensation
only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Summary of Practice
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Coated specimens are placed in an enclosed chamber
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
containing a heated, saturated mixture of air and water vapor.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
The temperature of the chamber is usually maintained at 38°C
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
(100°F). At 100 % relative humidity (RH), a very small
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 1, 2010. Published August 2010. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D2247 – 02. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D2247-10. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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D2247–10
temperaturedifferencebetweenthespecimenandthesurround- 6. Test Specimens
ing vapor causes the formation of condensation on the speci-
6.1 This practice does not cover the preparation of test
mens. The exposure condition is varied by selecting
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2247–02 Designation:D2247–10
Standard Practice for
Testing Water Resistance of Coatings in 100% Relative
1
Humidity
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2247; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 Thispracticecoversthebasicprinciplesandoperatingproceduresfortestingwaterresistanceofcoatingsbyexposingcoated
specimens in an atmosphere maintained at 100 % relative humidity so that condensation forms on the test specimens.
1.2This practice is limited to the methods of obtaining, measuring, and controlling the conditions and procedures of tests
conducted in 100% relative humidity. It does not specify specimen preparation, specific test conditions, or evaluation of results.
1.2 This practice uses the technique of creating a slight temperature differential within the exposure area to form condensation
on the coated specimens. As the warmer saturated air passes the cooler specimens, water is deposited onto the specimens in the
form of condensation.
1.3 This practice places the entire specimen in the exposure area allowing condensation to form on all surfaces.This makes this
practice suitable for flat panels as well as large or 3D objects. This practice differs from other methods where condensation is only
formed on the front coating surface, but the back surface is outside the exposure area. Other tests may also deposit water droplets
on the surface but where the source is not from condensation.
NOTE 1—Alternative practices for testing the water resistance of coatings include Practices D870, D1735, and D4585.
1.3The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4
1.4 This practice is limited to the methods of obtaining, measuring, and controlling the conditions and procedures of tests
conducted in 100 % relative humidity. It does not specify specimen preparation, or evaluation of results.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D609 PracticeforPreparationofCold-RolledSteelPanelsforTestingPaint,Varnish,ConversionCoatings,andRelatedCoating
Products
D610 Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel Surfaces
D714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of Paints
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
D870 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water Immersion
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1654 Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments
D1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for Painting
D1735 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water Fog Apparatus
D2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Difference With a Gray Scale
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing.
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2002. Published October 2002. Originally published as D2247–66T. Last previous edition D2247–99. DOI: 10.1520/D2247-02.
Current edition approved July 1, 2010. Published August 2010. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D2247 – 02. DOI:
10.1520/D2247-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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