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ASTM D3887-96(2008)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Tolerances for Knitted Fabrics (Withdrawn 2017)

Standard Specification for Tolerances for Knitted Fabrics (Withdrawn 2017)

ABSTRACT
This specification details the test methods and tolerances applicable to the following properties of knitted fabrics: yield; mass (weight); width; length; fabric count; bursting strength; moisture regain; thickness; extractable matter; and fiber composition. These tolerances are applicable to knitted fabrics of all types, such as warp knits, weft knits, flat bed knits, and so forth.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Knitted fabrics are known to exhibit inherent variations in properties. This specification lists the tolerances for each property deemed acceptable in the trade.
These tolerances can be used to determine if knitted fabrics meet specifications for properties, and provide a guide in case of dispute.
Tolerances agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller shall take precedence over those listed in this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers test methods and tolerances applicable to the following properties of knitted fabrics: yield, mass (weight), width, length, fabric count, bursting strength, moisture regain, thickness, extractable matter, and fiber composition.
1.2 These tolerances are applicable to knitted fabrics of all types, such as warp knits, weft knits, flat bed knits, and so forth.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This specification covers test methods and tolerances applicable to the following properties of knitted fabrics: yield, mass (weight), width, length, fabric count, bursting strength, moisture regain, thickness, extractable matter, and fiber composition.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D13 on Textiles, this practice was withdrawn in January 2017 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
31-Jul-2008
Withdrawal Date
05-Jan-2017
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.61 - Apparel
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3887-96(2004) - Standard Specification for Tolerances for Knitted Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Aug-2008
Referred By
ASTM D4850-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
Effective Date
01-Aug-2008
Referred By
ASTM D7023-06(2018) - Standard Terminology Relating to Home Furnishings
Effective Date
01-Aug-2008
Referred By
ASTM D8007-15(2019) - Standard Test Method for Wale and Course Count of Weft Knitted Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Aug-2008
Referred By
ASTM D6321/D6321M-22 - Standard Practice for the Evaluation of Machine Washable T-Shirts
Effective Date
01-Aug-2008
Referred By
ASTM D2646-18 - Standard Guide for Backing Fabric Characteristics of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
Effective Date
01-Aug-2008

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ASTM D3887-96(2008) - Standard Specification for Tolerances for Knitted Fabrics (Withdrawn 2017)ASTM D3887-96(2008) - Standard Specification for Tolerances for Knitted Fabrics (Withdrawn 2017)
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ASTM D3887-96(2008) - Standard Specification for Tolerances for Knitted Fabrics (Withdrawn 2017)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D3887 −96 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Specification for
1
Tolerances for Knitted Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3887; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D3774 Test Method for Width of Textile Fabric
D3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of
1.1 This specification covers test methods and tolerances
Fabric
applicable to the following properties of knitted fabrics: yield,
D3786 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile
mass (weight), width, length, fabric count, bursting strength,
Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method
moisture regain, thickness, extractable matter, and fiber com-
D3787 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textiles—
position.
Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst Test
1.2 These tolerances are applicable to knitted fabrics of all
2.2 Other Documents:
types, such as warp knits, weft knits, flat bed knits, and so 4
Textile Fiber Products Identification Act
forth. 5
Wool Products Labeling Act of 1939
6
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
2.3 Military Standard:
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
MIL-STD-105D Sampling Procedures and Tables for In-
only.
spection by Attributes
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
NOTE 1—Reference to test methods in this specification give only the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
permanent part of theASTM designation.The current editions of each test
method cited shall prevail.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3. Terminology
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 Definitions:
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.1 bursting strength, n—the force or pressure required to
2
rupture a fabric by distending it, when applied at right angles
2.1 ASTM Standards:
to the plane of the fabric, under specified conditions.
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles 3.1.2 commercial mass, n—billed weight (mass) as deter-
D2257 Test Method for Extractable Matter in Textiles
mined by a generally accepted method or as agreed upon
D2494 Test Method for Commercial Mass of a Shipment of between the purchaser and the seller.
Yarn or Manufactured Staple Fiber or Tow
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The basis for determining the commer-
D2654 Test Method for Moisture in Textiles (Withdrawn cial weight (mass) of a shipment of textile product is generally
3
1998)
one of the following:
D2720 Practice for Calculation of Commercial Weight and (1) Man-Made Fibers:
Yield of Scoured Wool, Top, and Noil for Various Com-
(a) CMRU Basis (commercial moisture regain with un-
mercial Compositions scoured material)—the weight (mass) of unscoured,
D3773 Test Methods for Length of Woven Fabric
moisture-free textile product plus the weight (mass) corre-
sponding to its commercial moisture regain.
(b) CMRS Basis (commercial moisture regain with
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on
scoured material)—the weight (mass) of moisture-free tex-
Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.61 on Apparel.
tile product after scouring by definite prescribed methods
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D3887 – 96 (2004).
DOI: 10.1520/D3887-96R08.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Act of Congress, “Textile Fiber Products Identification Act,” 85th Congress,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Second Session, approved Sept. 2, 1958.
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Act of Congress, “Wool Products LabellingAct of 1939,” 76th Congress,Third
the ASTM website. Session, approved Oct. 14, 1939.
3 6
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
www.astm.org. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3887−96 (2008)
plus the weight corresponding to its commercial moisture 3.1.14 width, n—in tubular knit fabric, the perpendicular
regain. distance between the edges of a flattened tube of fabric that is
(
...

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SCOPE
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SCOPE
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the propensity of a fabric to form pills and other related surface changes on textiles using the random tumble pilling tester. The procedure is generally applicable to all types of woven and knitted apparel fabrics.  
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Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The measurement of the resistance to abrasion of textile and other materials is very complex. The resistance to abrasion is affected by many factors, such as the inherent mechanical properties of the fibers; the dimensions of the fibers; the structure of the yarns; the construction of the fabrics; and the type, kind, and amount of finishing material added to the fibers, yarns, or fabric.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion is also greatly affected by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension of the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must accordingly be changed at frequent intervals or checked periodically against a standard. With disposable abradants, the abradant is used only once or changed after limited use. With permanent abradants that use hardened metal or equivalent surfaces, it is assumed that the abradant will not change appreciably in a specific series of tests, but obviously similar abradants used in different laboratories will not likely change at the same rate due to differences in usage. Permanent abradants may also change due to pick up of finishing or other material from test fabrics and must accordingly be cleaned at frequent intervals. The measurement of the relative amount of abrasion may also be affected by the method of evaluation and may be influenced by the judgment of the operator.  
5.4 The resistance of textile materials to abrasion as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory is generally only one of several factors contributing to wear performance or durability as experienced in the actual use of the material. While “abrasion resistance” (often stated in terms of the number of cycles on a specified machine, using a specified technique to produce a spe...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of woven textile fabrics using the oscillatory cylinder tester. This test method may not be usable for some fabric constructions.
Note 1: Other procedures for measuring the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics are given in: Guides D3884 and D4158, and Test Methods D3885, D3886, and AATCC 93.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
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5.2 The resistance to abrasion also is affected greatly by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension on the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4970/D4970M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely outside the United States.  
5.2 If there is a disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using this test method, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. A minimum of two parties should take a group of test specimens, which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average test results from the two laboratories should be compared using an acceptable statistical protocol and probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is started. Appropriate statistical disciplines for comparing data must be used when the purchaser and supplier cannot agree. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future results with consideration for the known bias.  
5.3 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors that include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, and fabric f...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester.
Note 1: For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3512/D3512M, and D3514.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before testing as agreed upon among interested parties.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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