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ASTM A159-83(2020)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Automotive Gray Iron Castings

Standard Specification for Automotive Gray Iron Castings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers gray iron castings for products of the automobile, truck, tractor and allied industries. The materials shall be classified into eight grades (G1800, G2500, G3000, G3500, G4000, G2500a, G3500b and G3500c) based on the range of their casting hardness, chemical composition and microstructure. Grades G1800 and G2500 shall be annealed. Alloy gray iron automotive camshafts of grade designation G4000d shall conform to the required values of casting hardness, chemical compositions of chromium, molybdenum, and nickel and microstructure. The cam areas of camshaft casting shall undergo selective hardening by flame or induction hardening and shall conform to the required values of depth and surface hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification applies to gray iron castings, cast in sand molds, used in the products of the automobile, truck, tractor, and allied industries.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Apr-2020
ICS
77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
Technical Committee
A04 - Iron Castings
Drafting Committee
A04.01 - Grey and White Iron Castings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Referred By
ASTM F2798-09(2023) - Standard Specification for Sealless Lube Oil Pump with Oil Through Motor for Marine Applications
Effective Date
01-May-2020
Referred By
ASTM F1510-21 - Standard Specification for Rotary Positive Displacement Pumps, Ships Use
Effective Date
01-May-2020

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ASTM A159-83(2020) - Standard Specification for Automotive Gray Iron CastingsASTM A159-83(2020) - Standard Specification for Automotive Gray Iron Castings
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ASTM A159-83(2020) - Standard Specification for Automotive Gray Iron Castings
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:A159 −83 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Specification for
1
Automotive Gray Iron Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A159; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
This specification replaces Federal specification AA-I-653A.
1. Scope 4. Ordering Information
1.1 This specification applies to gray iron castings, cast in
4.1 Orders for materials under this specification shall in-
sand molds, used in the products of the automobile, truck, clude the following information:
tractor, and allied industries.
4.1.1 ASTM designation,
4.1.2 Grade designation of gray iron required (3.1),
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4.1.3 If special heat treatment is required (see Section 6),
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
4.1.4 If special microstructure requirements are needed (see
standard.
Section 7),
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.1.5 Surface where hardness test is to be performed (see
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
9.4),
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.1.6 Depth and surface hardness of case required (see 9.6),
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.1.7 Inspection lot and sampling plan required (see Section
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
10),
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1.8 If additional requirements are needed (see 11.3), and
2. Referenced Documents
4.1.9 Whether special packaging and marking are required
(see Section 12).
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on the
dateofmaterialprocurementformapartofthisspecificationto
the extent referenced herein: 5. Hardness
2
2.2 ASTM Standards: 5.1 The foundry shall exercise the necessary controls and
A247 Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure of inspection techniques to ensure compliance with the specified
Graphite in Iron Castings hardness range. Brinell hardness shall be determined in accor-
E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials dance with Test Method E10, after sufficient material has been
3
2.3 Military Standard: removed from the casting surface to ensure representative
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage hardness readings. The 10-mm ball and 3000-kg load shall be
3
2.4 Federal Standard: used unless otherwise agreed upon. The area or areas on the
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
casting where hardness is to be checked shall be established by
agreement between supplier and purchaser and shall be shown
3. Grades
on the drawing.
3.1 The specified grades, hardness ranges, and metallurgical
description are shown in Tables 1 and 2 and in Section 9.
6. Heat Treatment
6.1 Unless otherwise specified, castings of Grades G1800
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron
and G2500 may be annealed in order to meet the desired
CastingsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeA04.01onGreyandWhite
Iron Castings.
hardness range.
Current edition approved May 1, 2020. Published May 2020. Originally
6.2 Appropriate heat treatment for removal of residual
approved in 1935. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as A159 – 83 (2015).
DOI: 10.1520/A0159-83R20.
stresses, or to improve machinability or wear resistance, may
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
be specified by agreement between supplier and purchaser.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 7. Microstructure
3
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
7.1 The microstructure shall consist of flake graphite in a
Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
www.dodssp.daps.mil. matrix of ferrite or pearlite or mixtures thereof.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A159−83 (2020)
TABLE 1 Grades of Gray Iron
distribution, 4 to 7 flake size in accordance with Test Method
Grade Casting Hardness Range Description A247. The amount of primary carbides and location at which
G1800 HB 187 max ferritic-pearlitic the structure
...

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