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ASTM D6484/D6484M-09

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Open-Hole Compressive Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates

Standard Test Method for Open-Hole Compressive Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is designed to produce notched compressive strength data for structural design allowables, material specifications, research and development, and quality assurance. Factors that influence the notched compressive strength and shall therefore be reported include the following: material, methods of material fabrication, accuracy of lay-up, laminate stacking sequence and overall thickness, specimen geometry, (including hole diameter, diameter-to-thickness ratio, and width-to-diameter ratio), specimen preparation (especially of the hole), specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment and gripping, loading procedure, speed of testing, time at temperature, void content, and volume percent reinforcement. Properties that may be derived from this test method include open-hole (notched) compressive strength (OHC).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the open-hole compressive strength of multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites in which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2009
ICS
83.120 - Reinforced plastics
Technical Committee
D30 - Composite Materials
Drafting Committee
D30.05 - Structural Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6484/D6484M-04e1 - Standard Test Method for Open-Hole Compressive Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
Effective Date
01-Dec-2009
Referred By
ASTM D4762-18 - Standard Guide for Testing Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
Effective Date
01-Dec-2009
Referred By
ASTM D8387/D8387M-21 - Standard Test Method for High Bypass – Low Bearing Interaction Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
Effective Date
01-Dec-2009
Referred By
ASTM D8066/D8066M-23 - Standard Practice Unnotched Compression Testing of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
Effective Date
01-Dec-2009
Referred By
ASTM D8509/D8509M-23 - Standard Guide for Test Method Selection and Test Specimen Design for Bolted Joint Related Properties
Effective Date
01-Dec-2009
Referred By
ASTM D6856/D6856M-03(2016) - Standard Guide for Testing Fabric-Reinforced “Textile” Composite Materials
Effective Date
01-Dec-2009

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ASTM D6484/D6484M-09 - Standard Test Method for Open-Hole Compressive Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite LaminatesASTM D6484/D6484M-09 - Standard Test Method for Open-Hole Compressive Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6484/D6484M − 09
StandardTest Method for
Open-Hole Compressive Strength of Polymer Matrix
1
Composite Laminates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6484/D6484M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
Materials
1.1 This test method determines the open-hole compressive
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
strength of multidirectional polymer matrix composite lami-
D5229/D5229M TestMethodforMoistureAbsorptionProp-
nates reinforced by high-modulus fibers. The composite mate-
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
rialformsarelimitedtocontinuous-fiberordiscontinuous-fiber
Composite Materials
(tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites in which the
D5687/D5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite
laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test
Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Prepara-
direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thick-
tion
nesses are described in 8.2.1.
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in
someter Systems
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
must be used independently of the other. Combining values
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
Lot or Process
standard.
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the ASTM Test Methods
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
E1309 Guide for Identification of Fiber-Reinforced
Polymer-Matrix Composite Materials in Databases
2. Referenced Documents
E1434 Guide for Recording Mechanical Test Data of Fiber-
2
Reinforced Composite Materials in Databases
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1471 Guide for Identification of Fibers, Fillers, and Core
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
Materials in Computerized Material Property Databases
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
3. Terminology
D2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating
Resins
to high-modulus fibers and their composites. Terminology
D2734 TestMethodsforVoidContentofReinforcedPlastics
D883definestermsrelatingtoplastics.TerminologyE6defines
D3039/D3039M Test Method for Tensile Properties of Poly-
terms relating to mechanical testing. Terminology E456 and
mer Matrix Composite Materials
Practice E177 define terms relating to statistics. In the event of
a conflict between terms, Terminology D3878 shall have
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
precedence over the other terminologies.
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.05 on
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Structural Test Methods.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009. Published January 2010. Originally
NOTE 1—If the term represents a physical quantity, its analytical
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D6484/
ε1
dimensionsarestatedimmediatelyfollowingtheterm(orlettersymbol)in
D6484M – 04 . DOI: 10.1520/D6484_D6484M-09.
2
fundamental dimension form, using the following ASTM standard sym-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
bology for fundamental dimensions, shown within square brackets: [M]
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on for mass, [L] for length, [T] for time, [θ] for thermodynamic temperature,
the ASTM website. and [nd] for nondimensional quantities. Use of these symbols is restricted
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ---------
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D6484/D6484M–04 Designation:D6484/D6484M–09
Standard Test Method for
Open-Hole Compressive Strength of Polymer Matrix
1
Composite Laminates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6484/D6484M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Added research report footnote to Section 15 editorially in May 2009.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method determines the open-hole compressive strength of multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminates
reinforced by high-modulus fibers. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or
fabric,orboth)reinforcedcompositesinwhichthelaminateisbalancedandsymmetricwithrespecttothetestdirection.Therange
of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced Resins
D2734 Test Methods for Void Content of Reinforced Plastics
D3039/D3039M Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite Materials
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D5229/D5229M Test Method for MoistureAbsorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite
Materials
D5687/D5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Preparation
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1309 Guide for Identification of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite Materials in Databases
E1434 Guide for Recording Mechanical Test Data of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials in Databases
E1471 Guide for Identification of Fibers, Fillers, and Core Materials in Computerized Material Property Databases
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.05 on Structural Test
Methods.
Current edition approved MarchDec. 1, 2004.2009. Published April 2004.January 2010. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 19992004 as
´1
D6484/D6484M–99D6484/D6484M – 04 . DOI: 10.1520/D6484_D6484M-04E01. DOI: 10.1520/D6484_D6484M-09.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6484/D6484M–09
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating to high-modulus fibers and their composites. Terminology D883
defines terms relating to plastics. Terminology E6 defines terms relating to mechanical testing. Terminology E456E456 and
PracticeE177definetermsrelatingtostatistics.Intheeventofaconflictbetweenterms,TerminologyD3878shallhaveprecedence
over the other terminologies.
3.2 Definit
...

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Standard Test Method for Measuring the Fastener Pull-Through Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Refer to Guide D8509.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the fastener pull-through resistance of multidirectional polymer matrix composites reinforced by high-modulus fibers. Fastener pull-through resistance is characterized by the force-versus-displacement response exhibited when a mechanical fastener is pulled through a composite plate, with the force applied perpendicular to the plane of the plate. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites for which the laminate is symmetric and balanced with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses is defined in 8.2.  
1.2 Two test procedures and configurations are provided. The first, Procedure A, is suitable for screening and fastener development purposes. The second, Procedure B, is configuration-dependent and is suitable for establishing design values. Both procedures can be used to perform comparative evaluations of candidate fasteners/fastener system designs.  
1.3 The specimens described herein may not be representative of actual joints which may contain one or more free edges adjacent to the fastener, or may contain multiple fasteners that can change the actual boundary conditions.  
1.4 This test method is consistent with the recommendations of CMH-17, which describes the desirable attributes of a fastener pull-through test method.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5766/D5766M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Open-Hole Tensile Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Refer to Guide D8509.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the open-hole tensile strength of multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites in which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.2.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6264/D6264M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Damage Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite to a Concentrated Quasi-Static Indentation Force

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made of advanced composite laminates. Knowledge of the damage resistance properties of a laminated composite plate is useful for product development and material selection.  
5.2 QSI testing can serve the following purposes:  
5.2.1 To simulate the force-displacement relationships of impacts governed by boundary conditions (1-7).5 These are typically relatively large-mass low-velocity hard-body impacts on plates with a relatively small unsupported region. Since the test is run slowly in displacement control, the desired damage state can be obtained in a controlled manner. Associating specific damage events with a force during a drop-weight impact test is often difficult due to the oscillations in the force history. In addition, a specific sequence of damage events may be identified during quasi-static loading while the final damage state is only identifiable after a drop-weight impact test.  
5.2.2 To provide an estimate of the impact energy required to obtain a similar damage state for drop-weight impact testing if all others parameters are held constant.  
5.2.3 To establish quantitatively the effects of stacking sequence, fiber surface treatment, variations in fiber volume fraction, and processing and environmental variables on the damage resistance of a particular composite laminate to a concentrated indentation force.  
5.2.4 To compare quantitatively the relative values of the damage resistance parameters for composite materials with different constituents. The damage response parameters can include dent depth, damage dimensions and through-thickness locations, Fmax , Ea, and Emax, as well as the force versus indenter displacement curve.  
5.2.5 To impart damage in a specimen for subsequent damage tolerance tests, such as Test Method D7137/D7137M.  
5.2.6 To measure the indentation response of the specimen with and without bending us...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the damage resistance of multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminated plates subjected to a concentrated indentation force (Fig. 1). Procedures are specified for determining the damage resistance for a test specimen supported over a circular opening and for a rigidly-backed test specimen. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites, with the range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses defined in 8.2. This test method may prove useful for other types and classes of composite materials.
FIG. 1 Quasi-Static Indentation Test  
1.1.1 Instructions for modifying these procedures to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions are provided in Practice D7766/D7766M.  
1.2 A flat, square composite plate is subjected to an out-of-plane, concentrated force by slowly pressing a hemispherical indenter into the surface. The damage resistance is quantified in terms of a critical contact force to cause a specific size and type of damage in the specimen.  
1.3 The test method may be used to screen materials for damage resistance, or to inflict damage into a specimen for subsequent damage tolerance testing. The indented plate can be subsequently tested in accordance with Test Method D7137/D7137M to measure residual strength properties. Drop-weight impact per Test Method D7136/D7136M may be used as an alternate method of creating damage from an out-of-plane force and measuring damage resistance properties.  
1.4 The damage resistance properties generated by this test method are highly dependent upon several factors, which include specimen geometry, layup, indenter geometry, force, and boundary conditions. Thus, results are generally not scalable to other configurations, and are particular to the combination of geometric and physical conditions tested.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound u...

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