ASTM D5724-06(2010)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Gouache Paints
Standard Specification for Gouache Paints
ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of gouache paints. Covered here are pigments, vehicles, and additives, wherein the requirements for which are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, and consistency. Some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification are listed herein. Also, in order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation and the respective test methods for determining relative lightfastness. The conditions not covered in this specification that affect gouache paints are substrate, environmental conditions, storage, vehicles, pigments, additives, inerts, preparation of samples, coarse particles, fineness of dispersions, consistency, freeze-thaw stability, opacity (hiding power), bleeding, and color specification.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This specification establishes quality requirements and provides a basis for common understanding among producers, distributors, and users.
It is not intended that all paints meeting the requirements be identical nor of uniform excellence in all respects. Variations in manufacture, not covered by this specification, may cause some artists to prefer one brand over another, either of which may be acceptable under this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of gouache paints.
1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, and consistency.
1.3 Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification. In order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining relative lightfastness are referenced.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
X2.1.1 This test method is used to test opacity of paints. Several drawdown bars having different aperture sizes are used.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5724 −06(Reapproved 2010)
Standard Specification for
Gouache Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5724; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 Other Documents:
Colour Index
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for
composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of
3. Terminology
gouache paints.
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and addi-
3.1.1 colour index name, n—consists of the category (type
tives. Requirements are included for pigment identification,
ofdyeorpigment),generalhue,andanassignednumbergiven
lightfastness, and consistency.
to a colorant in the Colour Index as an international identifi-
1.3 Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness
cation system.
requirements in this specification. In order to identify other
3.1.1.1 Discussion—For example, the Colour Index Name
pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given
of one phthalocyanine blue pigment is Pigment Blue 15 (PB
for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining
15).
relative lightfastness are referenced.
3.1.2 colour index number, n—a five-digit number given in
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
the Colour Index that describes the chemical constitution of a
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
colorant.
only.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Forexample,theColourIndexNumber
of one phthalocyanine blue pigment is 74160.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.1 gouache paint, n—a pigment dispersion in a water
D185Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments
soluble gum/resin vehicle that dries water soluble and is
D279Test Methods for Bleeding of Pigments
formulated primarily for relatively opaque and matte applica-
D476Classification for Dry Pigmentary Titanium Dioxide
tions.
Products
3.3 Appearance terms used in this standard are defined in
D823Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
Terminology E284.
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
D1210Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-
4. Significance and Use
Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage
4.1 This specification establishes quality requirements and
D1535Practicefor Specifying Color by the MunsellSystem
provides a basis for common understanding among producers,
D4236Practice for Labeling Art Materials for Chronic
distributors, and users.
Health Hazards
D4303Test Methods for Lightfastness of Colorants Used in
4.2 It is not intended that all paints meeting the require-
Artists’Materials
ments be identical nor of uniform excellence in all respects.
E284Terminology of Appearance
Variations in manufacture, not covered by this specification,
maycausesomeartiststopreferonebrandoveranother,either
of which may be acceptable under this specification.
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D01 on Paint
andRelatedCoatings,Materials,andApplicationsandisthedirectresponsibilityof 5. Labeling Requirements
Subcommittee D01.57 on Artist Paints and Related Materials.
5.1 Pigment(s) Identification:
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published December 2010. Originally
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D5724–06. DOI:
10.1520/D5724-06R10.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM The Society of Dyers and Colourists, Colour Index, 3rd ed., 5 volumes and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on revisions, Available from the American Association of Textile Chemists and
the ASTM website. Colorists, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5724−06 (2010)
TABLE 1 Suitable Pigments List
NOTE 1—Underlined information in the table and lightfastness category shall be included on every label.
KEY
Lightfastness Category:
Lightfastness I Excellent Lightfastness
Lightfastness II Very Good Lightfastness
Abbreviations used in Colour Index Names:
PB Pigment Blue
PBk Pigment Black
PBr Pigment Brown
PG Pigment Green
PO Pigment Orange
PR Pigment Red
PV Pigment Violet
PW Pigment White
PY Pigment Yellow
AR Acid Red
BR Basic Red
Pigment Notations in Parenthesis:
(CC) Concentrated cadmium pigments may contain up to 15 % barium sulfate for color control.
Cadmium-barium pigments contain a much higher content amount of barium sulfate.
(DL) May darken in strong light
(LF) Lightfast type
(NA) Colour index name or number not assigned
(RS) Red shade
(BS) Blue shade
(SM) Sensitive to moisture
(SS) Sensitive to hydrogen sulfide
(OP) Opaque type
Color Index
Ligthfastness Categeory Common Name and Chemical Class Color Index Number
Name
YELLOWS
PY 3 I Arylide Yellow I0G, with option of adding the name Hansa Yellow Light, arylide yellow 11710
PY 6 I Arylide Yellow, arylide yellow 11670
PY 35 I Cadmium (hue designation) , concentrated cadmium zinc sulfide (CC), (SM) 77205
PY 37 I Cadmium (hue designation) , concentrated cadmium sulfide (CC), (SM) 77199
PY 42 I Mars Yellow or Iron Oxide Yellow, synthetic synthetic hydrated iron oxide 77492
PY 43 I Yellow Ochre, natural hydrated iron oxide 77492
PY 53 I Nickel Titanate Yellow, oxides of nickel, antimony and titanium 77788
PY 65 II Arylide Yellow RN, with option of adding Hanas Yellow RN, aryhde yellow 11740
PY 74 2GX70 II Arylide Yellow 2GX70, Hansa Yellow 2GX70, arylide yellow (OP) 11741
PY 109 I Isoindolinone Yellow G, tetrachroloisoindolinone NA
PY 110 I Isoindolinone Yellow R, tetrachroloisoindolinone 56280
PY 139 I Isoindoline Yellow, isoindoline NA
PY 170 II Diarylide Yellow, diarylide yellow 21104
ORANGES
PO 5 I Dinitraniline Orange, dinitraniline (SM) 12075
PO 20 I Cadmium (hue designation) , concentrated cadmium sulfo-selenide 77202
PO 36 I Benzimidazolone (hue designation) HL, benzimidazolane 11780
PO 43 I Perinone Orange, perinone (DL) 71105
PO 73 II Pyrrcle Orange, Pyrrolopyrrol NA
REDS
PR 5 II Naphthol ITR, naphthol ITR 12490
PR 9 II Naphthol AS-OL, naphthol AS-OL 12460
PR 14’ II Naphthol AS-D, naphthol AS-D 12380
PR 101 I Mars Red or Iron Oxide Red, synthetic iron oxide 77491
PR 108 I Cadmium (hue designation) , concentrated cadmium-seleno sulfide (CC) 77202
PR 113 I Cadmium Vermilion Red Light, Medium or Deep, cadmium mercury sulfide (CC) 77201
PR 122 II Quinacridone (hue designation), γ quinacridone 73915
PR 170 F3RK-70 II Naphthol Red, naphtol carbamide (DL) 12475
PR 188 I Napthol AS, naphthol AS 12467
PV 19 I Quinacridone (hue designation),γ quinacridone red 73900
VIOLETS
PV 14 I Cobalt Violet, cobalt phosphate 77360
PV 19 I Quinacridone (hue designation), quinacridone violet b 73900
PV 23 II Dioxadine (hue designation), carbazole dioxazine 51319
BLUES
PB 15 I Phthalocyanine Blue, or Pthalo Blue, copper phthalocyanine 74160
PB 17:1 II Phthalocyanine Blue Lake, or Pthalo Blue Lake, trisulfonated copper phthalocyanine 74200:1
PB 27 I Prussian Blue, Milori Blue, alkali ferric ferrocyanide 77510
PB 28 I Cobalt Blue, oxides of cobalt and aluminum or cobalt aluminate 77346
PB 29 I Ultramarine Blue, complex silicate of sodium and aluminum with sulfur, or sodium alumino- 77007
sulphosilicate
PB 33 I Manganese Blue, barium manganate with barium sulfate 77112
PB 35 I Cerulean Blue, oxides of cobalt and tin or cobalt stannate 77368
D5724−06 (2010)
GREENS
PG 7 I Phthalocyanine Green, or Phthalo Green, chlorinated copper phthalocyanine 74260
PG 17 I Chromium Oxide Green, anhydrous chromium sesquioxide 77288
PG 18 I Viridian, hydrous chromium sesquioxide 77289
PG 19 I Cobalt Green, oxides of cobalt and zinc, or cobalt zincate 77335
PG 23 I Green Earth, or Terre Verte, natural ferrous silicate containing magnesium and aluminum 77009
potassium silicates
PG 36 I Phthalocyanine Green or Phthalo Green, chlorinated and brominated copper phthalocyanine 74265
A
BROWNS
PBr 7 I Burnt Sienna, calcined natural iron oxide 77492
PBr 7 I Burnt Umber, calcined natural iron oxide containing manganese 77492
PBr 7 I Raw Sienna, natural iron oxide 77492
PBr 7 I Raw Umber, natural iron oxide containing manganese 77492
PBr 11 I Magnesium Ferrite, synthetic iron oxide containing magnesium oxide 77495
PBr 24 I Chrome Titanate Yellow, oxides of chrome, antimony and titanium 77310
PBr 25 I Benzimidazolone Brown, monoazo benzimidazolone 12510
BLACKS
PBk 1 I Jet Black, aniline black 50440
PBk 6 I Lamp Black, nearly pure amorphous carbon 77266
PBk 7 I Carbon Black, nearly pure amorphous carbon 77266
PBk 9 I Ivory Black or Bone Black, amorphous carbon produced by charring animal bones 77267
B
WHITES
PW 4 I Zinc White, zinc oxide with option of adding the name Chinese White 77947
PW 5 I Lithopone, zinc sulfide coprecipitated with barium sulfate 77115
PW 6 I Titanium White, titanium dioxide (rutile or anatase) with option of including some barium 77891
sulfate or zinc oxide
PW 7 I Zinc Sulfide, zinc sulfide 77975
A
Color Index Number 77491 can be used as an alternate to 77492 for PBr 7.
B
Information on white pigments is given in Appendix X3.
5.1.1 Every label shall include for each pigment contained 5.1.7 Mixed Pigments—Artists’paintscontainingmorethan
in the paint the information underlined in Table 1, which one pigment comply with this specification if all colored
includes the Common Name, Colour Index Name, and any
pigments included in the mixture are on the suitable pigment
additional terms necessary to identify the form of the pigment.
list (Table 1) and provided the mixture itself has passed all
5.1.2 The complete pigment identification given in Table 1,
other test requirements in this specification. The common
which also includes the Colour Index Number and a simple
names for the pigments in the mixture, or the word “Mixture”
chemicaldescription,shallbegiveninanappropriateproducer
must appear under the title in letters no less than the next type
publication.Manufacturersareencouragedtoputthiscomplete
size smaller than the title. For example:
identification on the container label when label size permits.
PERMANENT GREEN LIGHT PERMANENT GREEN LIGHT
5.1.3 The common name shall be placed on the front of the
(Cadmium Yellow Light, (Mixture)
Phthalocyanine Blue)
label and shall be the name of the paint except as described in
5.1.5 and 5.1.6. Other identification may be placed elsewhere
If the word “Mixture” is used under the title, the common
on the container.
namesofthepigmentsinthemixture,asgiveninTable1must
5.1.4 The colour index name may be spelled out in full or
be listed along with their Colour Index Names and the
abbreviated depending on the size of the label. Example:
lightfastness category of the mixture somewhere on the label.
Pigment Blue 15, or Pig. Blue 15 or PB 15.
The lightfastness category shall be that of the least lightfast
5.1.5 Substituted Pigments—In the case of substituted
pigment. This lightfastness category may be changed if the
pigments, the word “Hue” in equal size letters shall follow in
mixture is tested in accordance with Test Methods D4303 and
the title, on the front of the tube, and immediately after the
the results indicating a different category are submitted to
name of the pigment that has been simulated. Directly below
ASTM Subcommittee D01.57 for evaluation.
the title, the common name from Table 1 of the pigment(s)
used shall be given in letters no less than the next type size 5.2 Provide on the Label:
smallerthanthetitle;orifmorethanonepigmentisused,then
5.2.1 Identification of gum/resin used.
5.1.7 covering mixed pigments can be followed. For example:
5.3 Lightfastness—The label shall contain the word “Light-
CADMIUM RED MEDIUM HUE COBALT BLUE HUE
fastness” followed by the appropriate rating, I, or II, as given
(Naphthol Red AS-OL) (Mixture)
for each pigment in Table 1.
5.1.6 Proprietary names or optional names may be used
5.3.1 Lightfastness I pigments, when made into paint speci-
provided the common name(s) given in Table 1 appears on the
mens as described in Section 7 and exposed, tested, and rated
front of the label directly under the proprietary or optional
name in letters no less than the next type size smaller than the in accordance with Test Methods D4303, shall have a color
proprietary or optional name; or if more than one pigment is difference (∆E*ab) of 4 or less CIELAB units between the
used, then 5.1.7 covering mixed pigments, can be followed. specimens measured before and after exposure.
D5724−06 (2010)
5.3.2 Lightfastness II pigments, when made into paint 6.2 Vehicles—Onlywatersolublegums/resinsshallbeused.
specimens as described in Section 8 and exposed, tested, and
6.3 Pigments—Pigments used in gouache paints shall be
rated in accordance with Test Methods D4303, shall have a
limited to those in Table 1. Their lightfastness rating shall be
color difference (∆E*ab) of more than 4.0 but not more than
the numeral given in the same row.
8.0CIELABunitsbetweenthespecimensmeasuredbeforeand
6.4 Additives—Thickeners, preservatives, surfactants, and
after exposure.
humectants may be used to achieve consistency, prevent
5.3.3 Pigments were placed in a lightfastness category on
microbe deterioration, and control application results.
thebasisofeitherknownhistoricalperformanceinartworksor
theratingsfromfourlightfastnesstestsconductedasdescribed
6.5 Inerts—Inerts shall only be used to produce desirable
inTest Methods D4303. Results from further tests on these, or working qualities.
other pigments, are solicited by Subcommittee D01.57.
6.6 Preparation of Sample—For paste and fluid paints,
5.3.3.1 The lightfastness category of a pigment shall be
empty the contents of the previously unopened container onto
changed if results from several further tests conducted in
a glass slab and mix thoroughly with a spatula to a homoge-
accordance withTest Methods D4303 and approved byASTM
neous sample. For cake paints, take a piece of the cake on a
Subcommittee D01.57, establish a different lightfastness cat-
glass slab and add water and mix until a homogeneous paint is
egory than the one given in Table 1.
formed.
5.3.3.2 Additional pigments shall be placed in Table 1 after
6.7 Coarse Particles—Paints shall be free of oversized
they have been tested for lightfastness in accordance withTest
particles and shall form a uniform film.The maximum content
M
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