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ASTM D5633-04(2008)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Sampling with a Scoop

Standard Practice for Sampling with a Scoop

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is intended for use in collecting samples of contaminated soils and similar materials.
Scoops are used primarily for collecting samples near the surface. Subsurface samples can be obtained by first removing higher layers using a shovel or other suitable equipment and collecting the sample with the scoop.
Because of their simplicity, scoops are useful in taking samples of waste materials where decontamination or disposal is a problem with other types of sampling equipment. Scoops are also suitable for use in rapid screening programs, pilot studies, and other semi-quantitative investigations.
Samples should be collected in accordance with an appropriate work plan (see Practice D 5283 and Guide D 4687).
SCOPE
1.1 This procedure covers the method and equipment used to collect surface and near-surface samples of soils and physically similar materials using a scoop.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Aug-2008
ICS
13.080.05 - Examination of soils in general
Technical Committee
D34 - Waste Management
Drafting Committee
D34.01.03 - Sampling Equipment
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5633-04 - Standard Practice for Sampling with a Scoop
Effective Date
01-Sep-2008
Replaced By
ASTM D5633-04(2012) - Standard Practice for Sampling with a Scoop
Effective Date
01-Sep-2012
Referred By
ASTM D5680-14(2022) - Standard Practice for Sampling Unconsolidated Solids in Drums or Similar Containers
Effective Date
01-Sep-2008
Referred By
ASTM E1963-22 - Standard Guide for Conducting Terrestrial Plant Toxicity Tests
Effective Date
01-Sep-2008
Referred By
ASTM D5658-20 - Standard Practice for Sampling Unconsolidated Waste from Trucks
Effective Date
01-Sep-2008
Referred By
ASTM D7204-15 - Standard Practice for Sampling Waste Streams on Conveyors
Effective Date
01-Sep-2008
Referred By
ASTM D6232-21 - Standard Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment for Waste and Contaminated Media Data Collection Activities
Effective Date
01-Sep-2008

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Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5633 − 04(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Practice for
Sampling with a Scoop
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5633; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ment. A clean scoop is then used to collect the actual sample,
which is placed in a sample container.
1.1 This procedure covers the method and equipment used
to collect surface and near-surface samples of soils and
4. Significance and Use
physically similar materials using a scoop.
4.1 This practice is intended for use in collecting samples of
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
contaminated soils and similar materials.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2 Scoops are used primarily for collecting samples near
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the surface. Subsurface samples can be obtained by first
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
removing higher layers using a shovel or other suitable
equipment and collecting the sample with the scoop.
2. Referenced Documents
4.3 Because of their simplicity, scoops are useful in taking
2.1 ASTM Standards:
samples of waste materials where decontamination or disposal
D4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
is a problem with other types of sampling equipment. Scoops
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
are also suitable for use in rapid screening programs, pilot
Used at Waste Sites
studies, and other semi-quantitative investigations.
D5283 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-
4.4 Samples should be collected in accordance with an
lated to Waste Management Activities: Quality Assurance
appropriate work plan (see Practice D5283 and Guide D4687).
and Quality Control Planning and Implementation
D5792 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-
5. Sampling Equipment
lated to Waste Management Activities: Development of
Data Quality Objectives
5.1 Ashovel or other suitable equipment can be used for the
D6044 Guide for Representative Sampling for Management
initial removal of overburden material. This equipment should
of Waste and Contaminated Media
be manufactured from material that is compatible with the soil
D6232 Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment for
or waste to be sampled. The scoop must be manufactured from
WasteandContaminatedMediaDataCollectionActivities
material that is compatible with the soil or waste to be sampled
2.2 Other Documents:
and the required test or analysis to be performed. For most
Pierre Gy’s Sampling Theory and Sampling Practice, Fran-
hazardous waste sampling, either a disposable plastic scoop or
cis F. Pitard
a reusable stainless steel or polytetrafluoroethylene-coated
scoop is suitable (see Guide D6232 and Practice D5792).
3. Summary of Practice
5.2 The design of the scoop is important to minimize
3.1 The top layers of material are removed down to the
sampling error, that is, all the material intended as the sample
required sample depth using a shovel or other suitable equip-
can be collected and placed in the sample container and is not
lost as the scoop is systematically lifted from the source to the
sample container (see Guide D6044, Pierre Gy’s Sampling
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
Theory and Sampling Practice and Fig. 1).
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.03 on
Sampling Equipment.
5.3 For measurement of sample depth, a ruler or tape
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D5633-04. DOI: measure can be used.
10.1520/D5633-04R08.
2 5.4 The advan
...


This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D5633–94 (Reapproved 2001) Designation: D 5633 – 04 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Practice for
Sampling with a Scoop
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5633; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This procedure covers the method and equipment used to collect surface and near-surface samples of soils and physically
similar materials using a scoop.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
D 5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Nonradioactive Waste Sites
D 5283Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste ManagementActivities: QualityAssurance and Quality
Control Planning and Implementation Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management
Activities: Quality Assurance and Quality Control Planning and Implementation
D 5792 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste ManagementActivities: Development of Data Quality
Objectives
D 6044 Guide for Representative Sampling for Management of Waste and Contaminated Media
D 6232 Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment for Waste and Contaminated Media Data Collection Activities
2.2 Other Documents:
Pierre Gy’s Sampling Theory and Sampling Practice, Francis F. Pitard
3. Summary of Practice
3.1 The top layers of material are removed down to the required sample depth using a shovel or other suitable equipment. A
clean scoop is then used to collect the actual sample, which is placed in a sample container.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This practice is intended for use in collecting samples of contaminated soils and similar materials.
4.2 Scoops are used primarily for collecting samples near the surface. Subsurface samples can be obtained by first removing
higher layers using a shovel or other suitable equipment and collecting the sample with the scoop.
4.3 Because of their simplicity, scoops are useful in taking samples of waste materials where decontamination or disposal is a
problem with other types of sampling equipment. Scoops are also suitable for use in rapid screening programs, pilot studies, and
other semi-quantitative investigations.
4.4 Samples should be collected in accordance with an appropriate work plan (see Practice D 5283 and Guide D 4687).
5. Sampling Equipment
5.1 Ashovel or other suitable equipment can be used for the initial removal of overburden material. This equipment should be
manufacturedfrommaterialthatiscompatiblewiththesoilorwastetobesampled.Thescoopmustbemanufacturedfrommaterial
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.03 on Sample
Preservation.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 1994. Published January 1995.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.03 on Sampling
Equipment.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 5633-04.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
, Vol 11.04.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.09.
Available from CRC Press, Inc., 2000 Corporate Blvd., NW, Boca Raton, FL 33431.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5633 – 04 (2008)
that is compatible with the soil or waste to be sampled and the required test or analysis to
...

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ASTM D6914/D6914M-16(2024)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sonic Drilling for Site Characterization and the Installation of Subsurface Monitoring Devices

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sonic drilling is a rapid, primarily dry drilling method (see 5.2), used both in geotechnical applications to avoid hydraulic fracturing, and in environmental site exploration. Geotechnical applications include exploration for tunnels, underground excavations, and installation of instrumentation or structural elements. Sonic drilling methods are used in rocky soils with large diameter casing to obtain continuous samples in materials that are difficult to sample using other methods. It is well suited for projects of a production-orientated nature with a drilling rate faster than most all other drilling methods (Guide D6286/D6286M). Sonic drilling is used for environmental explorations because sonic drilling offers the benefit of significantly reduced drill cuttings, a major cost element, and reduced drill fluid use and production. Sonic drilling offers rapid formation penetration thereby increasing production. It can reduce fieldwork time generating overall project cost reductions. The continuous core sample recovered provides a representative lithological column for review and analysis. Sonic drilling readily lends itself to environmental instrumentation installation and to in-situ testing. The advantage of a clean cased hole without the use of drilling fluids provides for increased efficiency in instrumentation installation. The ability to cause vibration to the casing string eliminates the complication of monitoring well backfill bridging common to other drilling methods and reduces the risk of casing lockup allowing for easy casing withdrawal during grouting. The clean borehole reduces well development time. Pumping tests can be performed as needed prior to well screen placement to allow for proper screen location. The sonic method is readily utilized in multiple cased well applications which are required to prevent aquifer cross contamination. The installation of inclinometers, vibrating wire piezometers, settlement gauges, and the like can be accomplished e...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for using sonic drilling methods in the conducting of subsurface exploration for site characterization and in the installation of subsurface monitoring devices.  
1.2 The use of the sonic drilling method for exploration and monitoring-device installation may often involve preliminary site research and safety planning, administration, and documentation.  
1.3 Soil or Rock samples collected by sonic methods are classed as group A or group B in accordance with Practices D4220/D4220M. Other sampling methods (Guide D6169/D6169M) may be used in conjunction with the sonic method to collect samples classed as group C and Group D. Other drilling methods are summarized in Guide D6286/D6286M.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than in-pound shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this practice.  
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.  
1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. It is a description of the present state-of-the-art practice of sonic drilling. It does not recommend this method as a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,...

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ASTM D4646-16(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for 24 h Batch-Type Measurement of Contaminant Sorption by Soils and Sediments

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is meant to allow for a rapid (24 h) index of a geomedia's sorption affinity for given solutes in environmental waters or leachates. A large number of samples may be run in parallel using this test method to determine a comparative ranking of those samples, based upon the amount of solute sorbed by the geomedia, or by various geomedia or leachate constituents. The 24 h time is used to make the test convenient and also to minimize microbial, light, or hydrolytic degradation which may be a problem in longer timed procedures. While Kd values are directly applicable for screening and comparative ranking purposes, their use in predictive field applications generally requires the assumption that Kd be a fixed value.  
5.2 While this test method may be useful in determining 24 h Kd values for nonvolatile organic constituents, interlaboratory testing has been carried out only for the nonvolatile inorganic species arsenic and cadmium (see Section 12). However, the procedure has been tested for single-laboratory precision with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and is believed to be useful for all stable and nonvolatile inorganic and organic constituents. This test method is not considered appropriate for volatile constituents.  
5.3 The 24 h time limit may be sufficient to reach a steady-state Kd; however, the calculated Kd value should be considered a non-equilibrium measurement unless steady-state has been determined. To report this determination as a steady-state Kd, this test method should be conducted for intermediate times (for example, 12, 18, and 22 h) to ensure that the soluble concentrations in the solution have reached a steady state by 24 h. If a test duration of greater than 24 h is required, refer to Test Method D4319 for an alternate procedure of longer duration.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining the sorption affinity of waste solutes by unconsolidated geologic material in aqueous suspension. The waste solute may be derived from a variety of sources such as wells, underdrain systems, or laboratory solutions such as those produced by waste extraction tests like the Practice D3987 shake extraction method.  
1.2 This test method is applicable in screening and providing relative rankings of a large number of geomedia samples for their sorption affinity in aqueous leachate/geomedia suspensions. This test method may not simulate sorption characteristics that would occur in unperturbed geologic settings.  
1.3 While this procedure may be applicable to both organic and inorganic constituents, care must be taken with respect to the stability of the particular constituents and their possible losses from solution by such processes as degradation by microbes, light, hydrolysis, or sorption to material surfaces. This test method should not be used for volatile chemical constituents (see 6.1).  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E2993-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Evaluating Potential Hazard in Buildings as a Result of Methane in the Vadose Zone

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Several different factors should be taken into consideration when evaluating methane hazard, rather than, for example, use of a single concentration-based screening level as a de-facto hazard assessment level. Key variables are identified and briefly discussed in this section. Legal background information is provided in Appendix X3. The Bibliography includes references where more detailed information can be found on the effect of various parameters on gas concentrations.  
5.2 Application—This guide is intended for use by those undertaking an assessment of hazards to people and property as a result of subsurface methane suspected to be present based on due diligence or other site evaluations (see 6.1.1).  
5.2.1 This guide addresses shallow methane, including its presence in the vadose zone; at residential, commercial, and industrial sites with existing construction; or where development is proposed.  
5.3 This guide provides a consistent, streamlined process for deciding on action and the urgency of action for the identified hazard. Advantages include:  
5.3.1 Decisions are based on reducing the actual risk of adverse impacts to people and property.  
5.3.2 Assessment is based on collecting only the information that is necessary to evaluate hazard.  
5.3.3 Available resources are focused on those sites and conditions that pose the greatest risk to people and property at any time.  
5.3.4 Response actions are chosen based on the existence of a hazard and are designed to mitigate the hazard and reduce risk to an acceptable level.  
5.3.5 The urgency of initial response to an identified hazard is commensurate with its potential adverse impact to people and property.  
5.4 Limitations—This guide does not address potential hazards from other gases and vapors that may also be present in the subsurface such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and/or volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that may co-occur with methane. If the presence of hydrogen sulfide or other...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides a consistent basis for assessing methane in the vadose zone, evaluating hazard and risk, determining the appropriate response, and identifying the urgency of the response.  
1.2 Purpose—This guide covers techniques for evaluating potential hazards associated with methane present in the vadose zone beneath or near existing or proposed buildings or other structures (for example, potential fires or explosions within the buildings or structures), when such hazards are suspected to be present based on due diligence or other site evaluations (see 6.1.1). Buildings in this context include normal below grade utilities associated with a building.  
1.3 Objectives—This guide: (1) provides a practical and reasonable industry standard for evaluating, prioritizing, and addressing potential methane hazards based on mass flow and (2) provides a tool for screening out low-risk sites.  
1.4 This guide offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This guide cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This guide is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service should be judged, nor should this guide be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title means only that the guide has been approved through the ASTM International consensus process.  
1.5 Not addressed by this guide are:  
1.5.1 Requirements or guidance or both with respect to methane sampling or evaluation in federal, state, or local regulations. Users are cautioned that federal, state, and local guidance may impose specific requirements that differ from those of this guide;  
1.5.2 Safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this sta...

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