ASTM E1753-18
(Practice)Standard Practice for Use of Qualitative Chemical Spot Test Kits for Detection of Lead in Dry Paint Films
Standard Practice for Use of Qualitative Chemical Spot Test Kits for Detection of Lead in Dry Paint Films
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This technique is applicable to dry paint films and varnishes in a variety of forms including the intact dry paint film surface, a notched or other angular cut surface that exposes a cross section of all paint layers, a paint chip, and ground paint film.
5.2 The response of the spot test method varies depending on the extractability of lead from a coating matrix, which may differ depending on the test kit used, the coating type tested, and the type of lead pigment (3).
5.3 In some situations, metals and other chemical species interfere with the spot tests causing false negative or false positive results (see Section 8).
5.4 A spot test result may be used as a negative screen for the presence of lead in paints and varnishes provided the response of the test kit is sensitive to detecting lead reliably at a given predetermined level, for example, a federal or state regulated abatement action level (4).
5.5 This practice may be used in conjunction with quantitative analytical methods for lead such as portable X-ray fluorescence, anodic stripping voltammetry, or fixed-site laboratory analysis of paint chip samples.
5.6 Colorblind individuals (protanomalous viewers) who are deficient in viewing red colors may have difficulty in discerning the pink or red color of a positive rhodizonate test.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of commercial spot test kits based on either sulfide or rhodizonate for the qualitative determination of the presence of lead in dry paint films.
1.2 This practice may also be used as a qualitative procedure for other dry coating films such as varnishes.
1.3 This practice provides a list of the advantages and limitations of chemical spot test kits based on sulfide and rhodizonate to allow the user to choose the appropriate spot test for a given circumstance.
1.4 This practice contains notes which are explanatory and not part of mandatory requirements.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: E1753 − 18
Standard Practice for
Use of Qualitative Chemical Spot Test Kits for Detection of
1
Lead in Dry Paint Films
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1753; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 core sample—a fragment of the entire dry paint film
1.1 Thispracticecoverstheuseofcommercialspottestkits
removed from the substrate with a coring tool which is
based on either sulfide or rhodizonate for the qualitative
designed to remove a specified area (for example, a square
determination of the presence of lead in dry paint films.
centimetre) of dry paint film.
1.2 This practice may also be used as a qualitative proce-
3.2.2 negative screen—a spot test for which a negative
dure for other dry coating films such as varnishes.
result indicates a low probability of lead being present in the
1.3 This practice provides a list of the advantages and
test specimen above a predetermined level; for example, a
limitations of chemical spot test kits based on sulfide and
regulated federal or state abatement action level.
rhodizonatetoallowtheusertochoosetheappropriatespottest
3.2.3 negative test—the absence of the characteristic color
for a given circumstance.
change within a specified time limit, usually within a few
1.4 This practice contains notes which are explanatory and
minutes.
not part of mandatory requirements.
3.2.4 paint chip sample—a fragment of a dry paint film
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
removed from the substrate.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.5 positive test—the observation of the characteristic
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
colorchangewithinaspecifiedtimelimit,usuallywithinafew
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
minutes,althoughspecificproceduresforsometestkitsinclude
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
observing the characteristic color change after an overnight
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
waiting period.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.6 rhodizonate spot test method—for lead detection, the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
use of a dilute solution of rhodizonate ion to test a painted
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3
surface or paint chip for the qualitative presence of lead (1).
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.2.6.1 Discussion—A characteristic color change of the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
reagent from yellow/orange to pink or red indicates the
presence of lead above the level of detection of the test kit.
2. Referenced Documents
2
3.2.7 sulfide spot test method—for lead detection,theuseof
2.1 ASTM Standards:
a dilute solution of sulfide ion to test a painted surface or paint
E1605Terminology Relating to Lead in Buildings
chip for the qualitative presence of lead (2).
3.2.7.1 Discussion—A characteristic color change of the
3. Terminology
reagent from colorless to grey or black indicates the presence
3.1 For definitions of terms relating to this practice that do
of lead above the level of detection of the spot test.
not appear here, refer to Terminology E1605.
4. Summary of Practice
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-
4.1 A dry paint film sample (a painted surface, paint chip,
manceofBuildingsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE06.23onLead
ground paint powder, or core sample) is tested for lead
Hazards Associated with Buildings.
qualitatively through the use of a spot test. Spot tests kits are
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally
2+
based on the reaction of Lead II (Pb ) ion with either sulfide
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E1753–13. DOI:
10.1520/E1753–18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
the ASTM website. this practice.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E1753 − 18
2− 2−
ion (S ) or rhodizonate ion [C O ], resulting in the charac- 6.3.3 Cutting Tool, used to cut into the dry paint film. A
6 6
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1753 − 13 E1753 − 18
Standard Practice for
Use of Qualitative Chemical Spot Test Kits for Detection of
1
Lead in Dry Paint Films
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1753; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the use of commercial spot test kits based on either sulfide or rhodizonate for the qualitative
determination of the presence of lead in dry paint films.
1.2 This practice may also be used as a qualitative procedure for other dry coating films such as varnishes.
1.3 This practice provides a list of the advantages and limitations of chemical spot test kits based on sulfide and rhodizonate
to allow the user to choose the appropriate spot test for a given circumstance.
1.4 This practice contains notes which are explanatory and not part of mandatory requirements.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1605 Terminology Relating to Lead in Buildings
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms relating to this practice that do not appear here, refer to Terminology E1605.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 core sample—a fragment of the entire dry paint film removed from the substrate with a coring tool which is designed to
remove a specified area (for example, a square centimetre) of dry paint film.
3.2.2 negative screen—a spot test for which a negative result indicates a low probability of lead being present in the test
specimen above a predetermined level; for example, a regulated federal or state abatement action level.
3.2.3 negative test—the absence of the characteristic color change within a specified time limit, usually within a few minutes.
3.2.4 paint chip sample—a fragment of a dry paint film removed from the substrate.
3.2.5 positive test—the observation of the characteristic color change within a specified time limit, usually within a few minutes,
although specific procedures for some test kits include observing the characteristic color change after an overnight waiting period.
3.2.6 rhodizonate spot test method—for lead detection, the use of a dilute solution of rhodizonate ion to test a painted surface
3
or paint chip for the qualitative presence of lead (1).
3.2.6.1 Discussion—
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.23 on Lead Hazards
Associated with Buildings.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2013Aug. 15, 2018. Published February 2013November 2018. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20042013
as E1753 – 04.E1753–13. DOI: 10.1520/E1753-13.10.1520/E1753–18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of this practice.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1753 − 18
A characteristic color change of the reagent from yellow/orange to pink or red indicates the presence of lead above the level of
detection of the test kit.
3.2.7 sulfide spot test method—for lead detection, the use of a dilute solution of sulfide ion to test a painted surface or paint chip
for the qualitative presence of lead (2).
3.2.7.1 Discussion—
A characteristic color change of the reagent from colorless to grey or black indicates the presence of lead above the level of
detection of
...
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