ASTM E2924-14(2020)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Intumescent Coatings
Standard Practice for Intumescent Coatings
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended for use by material specifiers, general contractors, applicators, or any individual or group requiring information regarding the application of intumescent coatings to provide a fire resistance rating to structural steel.
5.2 This practice is not intended to replace the manufacturer’s application instructions.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides architects, specifiers and building owners various consensus recommendations to specify industry’s best practices for intumescent coatings.
1.2 This practice covers the best practice for the following:
1.2.1 The manufacturing, testing, labeling, transportation, delivery, and storage, including shelf life, of intumescent coatings.
1.2.2 The application of the intumescent coatings to structural steel for the purposes of providing fire resistance.
1.2.3 The inspection, including safety and equipment, of intumescent coatings during and after the application.
1.3 Standard Practice—This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This practice references fire-test-response standards and may involve hazardous tasks. Therefore, the following caveats are also referenced. This practice references tests used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. This practice references tests used to predict or provide a quantitative measure of the fire hazard from a specified set of fire conditions involving specific materials, products, or assemblies. This assessment does not necessarily predict the hazard of actual fires which involve conditions other than those assumed in the analysis. This practice references tests used to determine certain fire-test responses of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions by using results obtained from fire-test-response standards. The results obtained from using this practice do not, by themselves, constitute measures of fire hazard or fire risk. Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Com...
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2924 − 14 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Practice for
Intumescent Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2924; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This practice provides architects, specifiers and building
owners various consensus recommendations to specify indus-
NOTE 1—This practice references fire-test-response standards and may
involve hazardous tasks. Therefore, the following caveats are also
try’s best practices for intumescent coatings.
referenced.This practice references tests used to measure and describe the
1.2 This practice covers the best practice for the following:
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
1.2.1 The manufacturing, testing, labeling, transportation,
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors
required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products,
delivery, and storage, including shelf life, of intumescent
or assemblies under actual fire conditions. This practice references tests
coatings.
used to predict or provide a quantitative measure of the fire hazard from
1.2.2 The application of the intumescent coatings to struc-
a specified set of fire conditions involving specific materials, products, or
tural steel for the purposes of providing fire resistance.
assemblies. This assessment does not necessarily predict the hazard of
1.2.3 The inspection, including safety and equipment, of actual fires which involve conditions other than those assumed in the
analysis. This practice references tests used to determine certain fire-test
intumescent coatings during and after the application.
responses of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
1.3 Standard Practice—This practice offers a set of instruc-
controlled conditions by using results obtained from fire-test-response
tions for performing one or more specific operations. This standards. The results obtained from using this practice do not, by
themselves, constitute measures of fire hazard or fire risk. Fire testing is
document cannot replace education or experience and should
inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property
be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all
shall be employed in conducting these tests.
aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
service must be judged, nor should this document be applied
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
word “Standard” in the title means only that the document has
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
2. Referenced Documents
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hard-
as requirements of the standard.
ness
D2794 Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical the Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact)
D4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard. Coatings by the Taber Abraser
D4541 Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Portable Adhesion Testers
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and Materials
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-
mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.21 on
Serviceability. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2020. Published April 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E2924–14. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E2924-14R20 the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2924 − 14 (2020)
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions 4. Summary of Practice
2.2 ISO Standards:
4.1 This practice describes the best procedures for intumes-
ISO 834-1 Fire-resistance Tests—Elements of Building cent coatings related to the following:
Construction–Part 1: General Requirements
4.1.1 The application, including safety and equipment,
ISO/IEC 17011 Conformity Assessment—General Require- refers to Sections 8, 12, 13 and 14;
ments for Accreditation Bodies Accrediting Conformity
4.1.2 manufacturing, refer to 6.1;
Assessment Bodies
4.1.3 testing, refer to 9.2.2;
ISO/IEC 17020 General Criteria for the Operation of Vari-
4.1.4 labeling, refer to 6.2;
ous Types of Bodies Performing Inspection
4.1.5 transportation, refer to 6.1;
ISO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competence
4.1.6 delivery and storage (including shelf life), refer to 6.1
of Testing and Calibration of Laboratories
and Section 7; and
ISO/IEC 17065 Conformity Assessment—Requirements for
4.1.7 inspection (including safety and equipment), refer to
Bodies Certifying Products, Processes and Services
Section 10 and Section 16.
ISO/IEC Guide 65 General Requirements for Bodies Oper-
5. Significance and Use
ating Product Certification Systems
5.1 This practice is intended for use by material specifiers,
2.3 Other Standards:
general contractors, applicators, or any individual or group
AWCITechnical Manual 12-B,Third Edition Standard Prac-
requiring information regarding the application of intumescent
tice for the Testing and Inspecting of Field Applied
coatings to provide a fire resistance rating to structural steel.
Thin-FilmIntumescentFire-ResistiveMaterials;anAnno-
tated Guide 5.2 This practice is not intended to replace the manufactur-
CAN/ULC-S101 Fire Endurance Tests of Building Con- er’s application instructions.
struction and Materials
6. Materials
UL 263 Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials
6.1 The intumescent coating shall be manufactured,
SSPC-PA2 Procedure for Determining Conformance to Dry
transported, stored and installed in accordance with the manu-
Coating Thickness Requirements
facturer’s specifications and quality control procedures.
3. Terminology
6.2 Containers must be labeled in accordance with listing
agency, which is either an internationally recognized:
3.1 Definitions:
6.2.1 certification body accredited to ISO/IEC Guide 65 or
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice and
ISO/IEC 17065, or
associated with fire issues, refer to the definitions contained in
6.2.2 test laboratory accredited to ISO/IEC 17025 and
Terminology E176.
having an inspector or inspection agency accredited to ISO/
3.1.2 For definitions of terms used in this practice and
IEC 17020 under Type A requirements.
associated with building issues, refer to the definitions con-
tained in Terminology E631.
NOTE2—Intumescent coatingsaresometimesreferredtoasfireproofing
3.1.3 If there is a conflict between Terminology E176 and
or intumescent paint. The term Labeled refers to intumescent coatings to
Terminology E631 definitions, Terminology E631 definitions which has been affixed a label, seal, symbol or other identifying mark of
a nationally recognized testing laboratory, inspection agency or other
shall apply.
organization concerned with product evaluation that maintains periodic
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
inspection of the production of the above-labeled items and whose
labeling indicates either that the intumescent coating meets identified
3.2.1 application, n—an act of applying intumescent coat-
standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose.
ings.
NOTE 3—The term Listed refers to intumescent coatings included in a
3.2.2 char, n—a reacted (expanded) intumescent material,
list or directory published by an organization acceptable to the authority
having jurisdiction (AHJ) and concerned with evaluation of products that
having low thermal conductivity, thus retarding heat transfer,
maintains periodic inspection of production of listed intumescent coatings
that is quantified where no appreciable density changes occur
and whose listing states either that the intumescent coating meets
during additional temperature rise.
identified standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified
purpose.
3.2.3 intumescent coating, n—a material that produces an
insulating char when activated by heat or flame.
6.2.3 Theaccreditingbodyoverseeingthecertificationbody
in 6.2.1 or the test laboratory in 6.2.2 must be recognized as
operating under the requirements of ISO/IEC 17011 by the
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO InternationalAccreditationForum(IAF)forISO/IECGuide65
Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
or ISO/IEC 17065, or International Laboratory Accreditation
Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
Cooperation (ILAC) for ISO/IEC 17020 and ISO/IEC 17025.
Available from Association of the Wall and Ceiling Industry (AWCI), 513 W.
Broad Street, Suite 210, Falls Church, VA 22046, http://www.awci.org.
7. Delivery and Shelf Life
AvailablefromULCStandards,171NepeanStreet,Suite400,Ottawa,ONK2P
0B4, https://canada.ul.com/.
7.1 All materials shall be delivered to the job site in clearly
Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas,
labeled unopened containers. Labels shall include the name of
WA 98607-8542, http://www.ul.com.
the product as well as the manufacturer name and contact
Available from Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC), 800 Trumbull Dr.,
Pittsburgh, PA 15205, http://www.sspc.org. information.
E2924 − 14 (2020)
7.2 Materials with a shelf life shall have it clearly desig- 9.2.2 The specified intumescent coating in 9.2 shall be
nated and these materials shall be used within that period. tested by an accredited third party testing agency accredited to
Materials that have exceeded their shelf life shall be removed ISO 17025.
from the job site, or the manufacturer shall provide documen- 9.2.3 Intumescent coatings shall only be used in environ-
tation attesting that the product is still usable for its original mental conditions where their exposure is suitable and accept-
intended purpose. able.
9.3 Therequirementsforan intumescent coating’sdurability
8. Material Equipment and Handling
shall be specified in contract documents. At a minimum, the
following test methods shall be used to ascertain the intumes-
8.1 Equipment used for application shall be of a type
recommended by the intumescent coating manufacturer. cent coating’s durability.
Equipment shall include, but is not limited to: hand tools, 9.3.1 Hardness of the product shall be measured in accor-
application machines, mixing equipment, hoses, spray guns dance with Test Method D2240, shore D.
and spray tips. 9.3.2 Impact resistance shall be measured in accordance
with Test Method D2794.
8.2 Thefollowingutilitiesaretypicallyprovided:electricity,
9.3.3 Abrasion Resistance shall be measured in accordance
potable water, and lighting.
with Test Method D4060.
8.3 Depending on local and jobsite conditions, during ap-
9.3.4 Adhesion shall be measured in accordance with Test
plication and curing of the intumescent coating the following
Method D4541.
utilities must be provided, if necessary, to ensure their proper
NOTE 7—Examples of exposure conditions are interior conditioned
application and curing in compliance with the intumescent
space, interior general purpose and exterior use.
coating manufacturer’s installation instructions:
8.3.1 heating,
10. Safety
8.3.2 forced ventilation,
10.1 Applicable local ordinances, codes and regulations
8.3.3 temporary enclosures,
shall be followed at all times.
8.3.4 dehumidification,
8.3.5 air quality control, and
NOTE 8—For example, there may be a threshold limit value (TLV) for
8.3.6 monitoring devices.
some materials containing volatile organic compounds. “Volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) are emitted as gases from certain solids or liquids.
VOCs include a variety of chemicals, some of which may have short- and
9. Fire Resistance Ratings and Physical Properties
long-term adverse health effects. Concentrations of many VOCs are
9.1 Requiredfireresistanceratingsaretypicallyspecifiedby consistently higher indoors (up to ten times higher) than outdoors. VOCs
are emitted by a wide array of products numbering in the thousands.
building codes and enforced by local governmental authority,
Examples include: paints and lacquers, paint strippers, cleaning supplies,
which is often called an authority having jurisdiction (AHJ).
pesticides, building materials and furnishings, office equipment such as
Required fire resistance ratings are determined by construction
copiers and printers, correction fluids and carbonless copy paper, graphics
type, occupancy, and location as well as other factors.
andcraftmaterialsincludinggluesandadhesives,permanentmarkers,and
photographic solutions.”
NOTE 4—Examples of some building codes that reference a fire
resistance rating are International Building Code (IBC) and National 10.2 Equipment shall have safety guards that meet appli-
Building Code of Canada (NBCC).
cable regulations.
NOTE 5—One standards development organization (SDO), NFPA,
10.3 All persons in the application area shall wear Personal
defines the term authority having jurisdictio
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