ASTM D2950/D2950M-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Density of Bituminous Concrete in Place by Nuclear Methods
Standard Test Method for Density of Bituminous Concrete in Place by Nuclear Methods
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The test method described is useful as a rapid, nondestructive technique for determining the in-place density of compacted bituminous mixtures.
With proper calibration and confirmation testing, the test method is suitable for quality control and acceptance testing of compacted bituminous concrete.
The test method can be used to establish the proper rolling effort and pattern to achieve the required density.
The non-destructive nature of the test allows repetitive measurements to be made at a single test location between roller passes and to monitor changes in density.
The density results obtained by this test method are relative. Correlation with other test methods such as D1188 or D2726 are required to convert the results obtained using this method to actual density. It is recommended that at least seven core densities and seven nuclear densities be used to establish a conversion factor. A new factor must be established at any time a change is made in the paving mixture or in the construction process.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a test procedure for determining the density of bituminous concrete by the attenuation of gamma radiation, where the source and detector(s) remain on the surface (Backscatter Method) or the source or detector is placed at a known depth up to 300 mm [12 in.] while the detector or source remains on the surface (Direct Transmission Method).
1.2 The density, in mass per unit volume of the material under test, is determined by comparing the detected rate of gamma emissions with previously established calibration data.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements see Section 6 and Note 4.
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Designation: D2950/D2950M − 11
StandardTest Method for
Density of Bituminous Concrete in Place by Nuclear
1
Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2950/D2950M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope minous Mixtures Using Marshall Apparatus (Withdrawn
3
1998)
1.1 This test method describes a test procedure for deter-
D2041 Test Method for Theoretical Maximum Specific
miningthedensityofbituminousconcretebytheattenuationof
Gravity and Density of Bituminous Paving Mixtures
gamma radiation, where the source and detector(s) remain on
D2726 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density
the surface (Backscatter Method) or the source or detector is
of Non-Absorptive Compacted Bituminous Mixtures
placed at a known depth up to 300 mm [12 in.] while the
D3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Ma-
detector or source remains on the surface (Direct Transmission
terials
Method).
1.2 The density, in mass per unit volume of the material 3. Significance and Use
under test, is determined by comparing the detected rate of
3.1 The test method described is useful as a rapid, nonde-
gamma emissions with previously established calibration data.
structive technique for determining the in-place density of
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units compacted bituminous mixtures.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.2 Withpropercalibrationandconfirmationtesting,thetest
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
method is suitable for quality control and acceptance testing of
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
compacted bituminous concrete.
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.3 The test method can be used to establish the proper
with the standard.
rolling effort and pattern to achieve the required density.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.4 The non-destructive nature of the test allows repetitive
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
measurements to be made at a single test location between
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
roller passes and to monitor changes in density.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
3.5 The density results obtained by this test method are
warning statements see Section 6 and Note 5.
relative. Correlation with other test methods such as D1188 or
D2726 are required to convert the results obtained using this
2. Referenced Documents
method to actual density. It is recommended that at least seven
2
core densities and seven nuclear densities be used to establish
2.1 ASTM Standards:
a conversion factor. A new factor must be established at any
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
time a change is made in the paving mixture or in the
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
construction process.
D1188 TestMethodforBulkSpecificGravityandDensityof
Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using Coated Samples
4. Interferences
D1559 Test Method for Resistance to Plastic Flow of Bitu-
4.1 The chemical composition of the material being tested
may significantly affect the measurement and adjustments may
be necessary. Certain elements with atomic numbers greater
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
than 20 may cause erroneously high test values.
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.21 on
Specific Gravity and Density of Bituminous Mixtures.
4.2 The test method exhibits spatial bias in that the instru-
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published December 2011. Originally
ment is most sensitive to the density of the material in closest
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D2950 – 10. DOI:
10.1520/D2950_D2950M-11.
proximity to the nuclear source.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2950/D2950M − 11
4.2.1 When measuring the density of an overlay, it may be 6.2 Effective user instructions together with routine safety
necessary to em
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2950/D2950M–10 Designation:D2950/D2950M–11
Standard Test Method for
Density of Bituminous Concrete in Place by Nuclear
1
Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2950/D2950M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes a test procedure for determining the density of bituminous concrete by the attenuation of gamma
radiation, where the source and detector(s) remain on the surface (Backscatter Method) or the source or detector is placed at a
known depth up to 300 mm [12 in.] while the detector or source remains on the surface (Direct Transmission Method).
1.2 The density, in mass per unit volume of the material under test, is determined by comparing the detected rate of gamma
emissions with previously established calibration data.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements see Section 6 and Note 4Note 5.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
D1188 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using Coated Samples
3
D1559 Test Method for Resistance of Plastic Flow of Bituminous Mixtures Using Marshall Apparatus
D2041 Test Method for Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Bituminous Paving Mixtures
D2726 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Non-Absorptive Compacted Bituminous Mixtures
D3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Materials
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The test method described is useful as a rapid, nondestructive technique for determining the in-place density of compacted
bituminous mixtures.
3.2 With proper calibration and confirmation testing, the test method is suitable for quality control and acceptance testing of
compacted bituminous concrete.
3.3 The test method can be used to establish the proper rolling effort and pattern to achieve the required density.
3.4 The non-destructive nature of the test allows repetitive measurements to be made at a single test location between roller
passes and to monitor changes in density.
3.5 The density results obtained by this test method are relative. Correlation with other test methods such as D1188 or D2726
are required to convert the results obtained using this method to actual density. It is recommended that at least seven core densities
and seven nuclear densities be used to establish a conversion factor.Anew factor must be established at any time a change is made
in the paving mixture or in the construction process.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.21 on Specific
Gravity and Density of Bituminous Mixtures.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010.2011. Published December 2010.2011. Originally approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 20092010 as D2950 – 109.
DOI: 10.1520/D2950_D2950M-101.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2950/D2950M–11
4. Interferences
4.1 The chemical composition of the material being tested may significantly affect the measurement and adjustments ma
...
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