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ASTM F2821-10

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Basket Type Rescue Litters

Standard Test Methods for Basket Type Rescue Litters

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods are intended to provide reproducible data from which acceptance criteria, design data, and specifications can be developed for basket type rescue litters.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods will enable the user to determine if a rescue litter meets their requirement for strength depending upon their particular applications and methods of use.
1.2 The test methods described in this standard are designed to test several parameters under “manner of use” conditions.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2010
ICS
13.200 - Accident and disaster control
Technical Committee
F32 - Search and Rescue
Drafting Committee
F32.01 - Equipment, Testing, and Maintenance
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM F2821-15 - Standard Test Methods for Basket Type Rescue Litters
Effective Date
01-Dec-2015

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ASTM F2821-10 - Standard Test Methods for Basket Type Rescue LittersASTM F2821-10 - Standard Test Methods for Basket Type Rescue Litters
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ASTM F2821-10 - Standard Test Methods for Basket Type Rescue Litters
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Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F2821 − 10
StandardTest Methods for
Basket Type Rescue Litters
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2821; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Summary of Test Method
1.1 These test methods will enable the user to determine if 3.1 Horizontal test method is designed to test the litter
a rescue litter meets their requirement for strength depending attachment points and the resistance of the litter to folding or
upon their particular applications and methods of use. curling.
1.2 The test methods described in this standard are designed 3.2 Vertical test method is designed to test the structural
to test several parameters under “manner of use” conditions. strength of the head end of the litter or the manufacturer’s
designated bridle attachment points or both, and for a two-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
piece litter, to also test the connection between the two sections
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
of the litter.
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
tion only and are not considered standard. 3.3 These tests are destructive in nature and will require a
new litter for each test.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 These test methods are intended to provide reproducible
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
data from which acceptance criteria, design data, and specifi-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
cations can be developed for basket type rescue litters.
2. Terminology 5. Apparatus
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
5.1 General—Use calibrated electronic load measuring de-
2.1.1 basket type litter, n—a conveyance for the sick or vices. The testing equipment shall have sufficient capacity to
injured usually consisting of a tubular metal frame enclosing a
prevent yielding of its components under the anticipated
molded plastic or wire shell. Also known as a basket stretcher. ultimate load, and shall have sufficient stiffness to ensure that
the applied tension loads remain parallel to the axis of the
2.1.2 litter bridle, n—a manufactured or improvised system
anchors.
that attaches the litter to the raising or lowering system.
5.2 Anchor Plate—(if used) Shall be installed in the litter in
2.1.3 horizontal lift, n—refers to the patient being in a
such a way that the force distributes equally and does not
horizontal position with the head and feet at approximately the
concentrate on a single element. The purpose is to test the
same level. In this configuration the litter bridle attaches to the
attachment points of the litter bridle, the connection points that
litter at four points.
hold the halves of two-piece litter together, and the litter’s
2.1.4 anchor plate, n—a device installed inside the litter that
ability to resist folding or bending both longitudinally and
is used to attach the litter to the bed of the test apparatus. It
laterally. The anchor plate size must be kept to a minimum so
must be of sufficient size and stiffness to distribute the forces
that it does not provide any increased resistance to the litter
on the litter shell or frame, thereby allowing the test of the
bending during a test. In cases where the litter does not have a
attachment points.
frame, the plate shall span any ribs or other structural elements
2.1.5 vertical lift, n—refers to the patient being in a head up
within the shell in order that the forces are distributed over a
and feet down position. In this configuration the litter bridle
wide enough area that unintentional damage does not occur.
attaches to the litter at the head end only.
5.3 Sample Orientation—The litter subject to test can be
loaded either horizontally or vertically depending upon the test
apparatus being used.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on
Search and Rescue and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.01 on 6. Hazards
Equipment, Testing, and Maintenance.
6.1 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published June 2010. DOI: 10.1520/
F2821-10. safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2821 − 10
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- slippage or both. If rope or webbing is used it shall be of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applicabil- sufficient strength to minimize elongation and to insure that the
ity of regulatory limitations prior to use. litter is tested and not the attachment method or material.
6.2 These tests are destructive in nature and there is the
8.2 The internal angle of the bridle shall be as small as
potential for injury fr
...

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4.5 A canine search resource may be more than one kind.  
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4.1.2 Additional differentiation of the specific Canine Search Resource is defined in Classification F1848 for Canine Search Resources.  
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4.3 This guide is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating an area search dog team or crew, and may be used to assist in the development of a training document or program.  
4.4 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training area search dog crews or teams. Likewise, this guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.5 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in this guide are not in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.6 Though this guide establishes minimum training requirements, it does not imply that an area search dog team or crew is a “trainee,” “probationary,” or other similarly termed part of an organization.  
4.6.1 The AHJ is responsible for determining the requirements and qualifications for its member ratings.  
4.7 An area search dog crew or team shall document training by completion of a position task book, compliant with Guide F3068, or by field demonstration under qualified supervision. Where proficiency in a skill or ability must be demonstrated, unless stated otherwise it shall be demonstrated for initial qualification, and then as often as required by the AHJ.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide defines the knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a dog crew or team to perform an area search.  
1.2 Area search dog crews or teams perform searches on the surface of the land, including open urban or wilderness areas, as well as mountainous terrain and alpine environments.  
1.2.1 Additional training shall be required for area search dog crews or teams that search in mountainous terrain, alpine environments, or underground.  
1.3 This guide does not include the knowledge, skills, and abilities required to search in partially or fully collapsed structures, confined spaces, or on bodies of water, inland or oceanic.  
1.4 Area search dog crews or teams trained to meet the requirements of this guide may operate in urban and disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost their infrastructure.  
1.5 Area search dog crews or teams must work under qualified supervision deemed appropriate by the AHJ.  
1.6 This guide does not provide a theoretical basis for how an area search dog crew or team functions.  
1.7 Search dog crews or teams are eligible to be members of Type I and II SAR crews or teams of the following Kinds, as defined in Classification F1993:  
1.7.1 Kind A (Wilderness),  
1.7.2 Kind B (Urban),  
1.7.3 Kind C (Mountainous),  
1.7.4 Kind G (Cave),  
1.7.5 Kind H (Mine),  
1.7.6 Kind I (Avalanche),  
1.7.7 Kind K (Aircraft), and  
1.7.8 Kind L (Unclassified).  
1.8 Further training may be required before an area search dog crew or team can fully participate on a particular Type and Kind of team or crew, based on specific local needs, regulations, or policies.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was develop...

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ASTM
ASTM F3144-15(2022)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Evaluating Trailing Search Dog Crews or Teams

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A trailing search dog crew or team is required to have, at a minimum, the knowledge, skills, and abilities outlined within this guide.  
4.1.1 A trailing search dog crew or team that meets the requirements of this guide is a Trailing Canine Search Resource, as defined in Classification F1848.  
4.2 Trailing search dogs that meet the requirements of this guide shall be tested by the AHJ using an aged trail of 6 to 12 h or as determined by the AHJ. Ages for competency trails shall take into consideration a minimum age, which should approximate the average response time for search dog crews.  
4.3 This guide only establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a trailing search dog crew or team to perform trail searches. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.4 This guide is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a trailing search dog team or crew, and may be used to assist in the development of a training document or program.  
4.5 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training trailing search dog crews or teams. Likewise, this guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.6 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in this guide are not in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.7 Though this guide establishes minimum training requirements, it does not imply that a trailing search dog team or crew is a “trainee,” “probationary,” or other similarly termed part of an organization.  
4.7.1 The AHJ is responsible for determining the requirements and qualifications for its member ratings.  
4.8 A trailing search dog crew or team shall document training by completion of a position task book, compliant with Guide F3068, or by field demonstration under qualified supervision. Where proficiency in a skill or ability must be demonstrated, unless oth...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide defines the knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a dog crew or team to perform a trailing search.  
1.2 Trailing search dog crews or teams perform searches on the surface of the land, including open urban or wilderness areas, as well as mountainous terrain and alpine environments.  
1.2.1 Additional training shall be required for trailing search dog crews or teams that search in mountainous terrain, alpine environments, and in caves, mines, and tunnels.  
1.3 This guide does not include the knowledge, skills, and abilities required to search in partially or fully collapsed structures, confined spaces, or on bodies of water, inland or oceanic.  
1.4 Trailing search dog crews or teams trained to meet the requirements of this guide may operate in urban and disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost their infrastructure.  
1.5 Trailing search dog crews or teams must work under qualified supervision deemed appropriate by the AHJ.  
1.6 Search dog crews or teams are eligible to be members of Type I and II SAR crews or teams of the following Kinds, as defined in Classification F1993:  
1.6.1 Kind A (Wilderness);  
1.6.2 Kind B (Urban);  
1.6.3 Kind C (Mountainous);  
1.6.4 Kind G (Cave);  
1.6.5 Kind H (Mine);  
1.6.6 Kind I (Avalanche);  
1.6.7 Kind K (Aircraft); and  
1.6.8 Kind L (Unclassified).  
1.7 Further training may be required before a trailing search dog crew or team can fully participate on a particular Type and Kind of team or crew, based on specific local needs, regulations, or policies.  
1.8 This guide does not provide a theoretical basis for how a trailing search dog crew or team functions.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory l...

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