ASTM D5286-95
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Determination of Transfer Efficiency Under General Production Conditions for Spray Application of Paints
Standard Test Methods for Determination of Transfer Efficiency Under General Production Conditions for Spray Application of Paints
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the transfer efficiency of spray-applied coatings under general plant conditions. Transfer efficiency is the ratio of paint solids deposited to the total paint solids used during the application process, expressed as a percent.
1.2 The transfer efficiency is calculated from the weight or volume of the paint solids sprayed and that of the paint solids deposited on the painted part.
1.3 Limitations include the ability to accurately determine the amount of paint solids deposited on the part and the capability of accurate measurement of the amount of paint sprayed.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1--These test methods apply to general plant production equipment and procedures. A method specific to automotive plants is defined in Test Method D5066.
Note 2--The relationship between volatile organic compound emission rates and transfer efficiency in automobile and light duty truck topcoat operations, EPA 450/3-88-018, referenced in Test Method D5066 does not apply to general production facilities.
Note 3--A single-point transfer efficiency measurement may not represent the entire process.
Note 4--The operator and the spray-application equipment-operating conditions during the transfer efficiency measurement should be representative of normal operating conditions.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific hazard statements see Section 7, and 10.3.1.
Note 5--These test methods have not been adopted by federal regulatory agencies for demonstration of compliance with air pollution regulations such as VOC, HAPS, etc.
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Designation: D 5286 – 95
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Methods for
Determination of Transfer Efficiency Under General
Production Conditions for Spray Application of Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5286; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
transfer efficiency of spray-applied coatings under general D 1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
plant conditions. Transfer efficiency is the ratio of paint solids ness of Organic Coatings using Micrometers
deposited to the total paint solids used during the application D 1186 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of
process, expressed as a percent. Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
1.2 The transfer efficiency is calculated from the weight or a Ferrous Base
volume of the paint solids sprayed and that of the paint solids D 1200 Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity Cup
deposited on the painted part. D 1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of
1.3 Limitations include the ability to accurately determine Dry Film Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to
the amount of paint solids deposited on the part and the a Nonferrous Metal Base
capability of accurate measurement of the amount of paint D 1475 Test Method for Density of Paint, Varnish, Lacquer
sprayed. and Related Products
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded D 2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for D 2697 Test Method for Volume Nonvolatile Content in
information only. Clear or Pigmented Coatings
D 3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
NOTE 1—These test methods apply to general plant production equip-
Pigmented Coatings
ment and procedures. A method specific to automotive plants is defined in
D 5066 Test Method for Determination of the Transfer
Test Method D 5066.
Efficiency Under Production Conditions for Spray Appli-
NOTE 2—The relationship between volatile organic compound emis-
sion rates and transfer efficiency in automobile and light duty truck
cation of Automotive Paints—Weight Basis
topcoat operations, EPA 450/3-88-018, referenced in Test Method D 5066
2.2 U.S. Government Standards:
does not apply to general production facilities.
EPA 450/3-88-018, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
NOTE 3—A single-point transfer efficiency measurement may not
Protocol for Determining the Daily Volatile Organic
represent the entire process.
Compound Emission Rate of Automobile and Light Duty
NOTE 4—The operator and the spray-application equipment-operating
Truck Topcoat Operations
conditions during the transfer efficiency measurement should be represen-
tative of normal operating conditions. EPA Federal Reference Method 24—Determination of
Volatile Matter Content, Water Content, Density, Volume
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Solids, and Weight Solids of Surface Coatings. 40 Code of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Federal Regulations, Part 60, Appendix A.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2.3 National Fire Protection Documents:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
NFPA 33 Spray Application Using Flammable and Com-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
bustible Materials
statements see Section 7, and Note 6.
NFPA 86 Standard for Ovens and Furnaces
NOTE 5—These test methods have not been adopted by federal regula-
tory agencies for demonstration of compliance with air pollution regula-
3. Terminology
tions such as VOC, HAPS, etc.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1 2
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Subcommittee D01.55 on Factory-Applied Coatings on Preformed Products. Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 1995. Published April 1995. Originally Available from National Fire Protection Assn., Battery March, Quincy, MA
published as D 5286 – 93. Last previous edition D 5286 – 93. 02269.
D 5286
3.1.1 paint—the liquid material applied to coat or cover the the coating of the parts. Two general methods are applicable for
surface of the part. accurately measuring paint usage.
3.1.2 transfer effıciency (volume)—the ratio of the volume 8.1.1 The preferred method is to determine the weight of
of paint solids deposited to the volume of the paint solids paint used during the application period studied.
sprayed, expressed as a percent. 8.1.2 Where direct paint usage measurement by weight is
3.1.3 transfer effıciency (weight)—the ratio of the weight of not practical, an alternative approach for determining paint
paint solids deposited to the weight of the paint solids sprayed, usage by volume is given. The latter approach involves
expressed as a percent. measuring the drop in paint level in the paint supply tank (pot)
3.1.4 volume of paint solids—the difference in the volume during the application period studied.
of the paint solids on the part before painting and the volume 8.1.3 Where paint meter/mix equipment is used to directly
of the paint solids on the part after painting. feed paint application equipment, paint-component meter read-
3.1.5 volume percent solids—the solids content as percent ings shall be deemed reliable when the meter is properly
of the total volume of a sample of paint used. calibrated in accordance with the equipment manufacturer’s
3.1.6 weight of paint solids—the difference in the weight of calibration instructions or local calibration procedures.
the part before painting and the weight of the part after painting
9. Paint Usage Determination by Weight Procedure—
and baking.
Procedure A
4. Summary of Test Methods 9.1 Level and calibrate the weighing device for weighing
the paint supply tank (pot).
4.1 The weight of liquid paint used per part is determined
9.2 If an electronic weighing device is used, it must be
(Procedure A). The weight solids content of the paint material
turned on long enough to achieve stability, following the
is determined and used to calculate the paint solids sprayed.
manufacturer’s directions. All weighing devices must be situ-
The transfer efficiency is calculated by dividing the weight of
ated to minimize disturbance from vibration or air movement.
the paint solids deposited by the weight of the paint solids
9.3 Introduce the material reduced to spray viscosity, into
sprayed.
the supply tank (pot) to be weighed. Before the test is
4.2 The volume of paint solids used per part is determined
conducted, be certain that fluid flows are properly set, that all
(Procedure B). The volume solids of the paint material is
supply and return lines are filled with the paint, and that no
determined and used to calculate the paint solids sprayed. The
leaks are present in the piping system.
transfer efficiency is calculated by dividing the volume of the
9.4 Shut off the paint supply tank (pot) agitator to minimize
paint solids deposited by the volume of the paint solids
vibration during the weighing process.
sprayed.
9.5 Weigh the paint supply tank (pot) before the test parts
5. Significance and Use are run. Weigh the tank until two consecutive measurements
are obtained within the measurement accuracy of the weighing
5.1 Subject to the limitations listed in 1.3, these test meth-
device. Average the two readings and record, P .
i
ods can be used to optimize paint application processes.
9.6 After painting the test parts, reweigh the paint supply
6. Apparatus tank (pot) as in 9.5 and record, P .
f
Paint Deposited Determination by Weight Measurement Method,
6.1 Laboratory Scale, accurate to 6 0.001 g.
Procedure A
6.2 Tension Load Cells or Comparable Platform Scales,
accurate to 6 0.05 lb (0.02 mg). 9.7 Set up the paint supply equipment to the spray apparatus
in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
6.3 Film Thickness Gage, see Test Methods D 1005,
D 1186, and D 1400 for type of film thickness measurement of 9.8 Ground all electrically conductive objects in the spray
area, in accordance with Chapter 9.11 of NFPA 33. Except for
device.
6.4 Targets, consisting of the parts to be coated. A minimum those objects required by the process to be at high voltage.
9.9 Prior to running the test, agitate the test paint in a paint
of two targets is required. The larger the number of targets, the
greater the accuracy of the test. supply tank (pot) at least 30 min before paint samples are
taken.
6.5 Rule and Calipers, for measuring the diameter of the
paint supply tank or pot, tank agitator shaft, etc. 9.10 Using an airtight container, take a paint grab sample
from the paint supply tank (pot) in accordance with Practice
6.6 Sample Containers, clean, dry, for sampling the paint
material. D 3925.
9.11 Determine and record the following from the paint
7. Hazards
sample:
7.1 For specific hazard information and guidance, consult 9.11.1 Paint viscosity in accordance with Test Method
D 1200,
the supplier’s Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for the
materials used. 9.11.2 Weight percent solids in accordance with Test
Method D 2369. If the baking temperature in Test Method
8. Paint Usage Measurement Procedures
D 2369 is inadequate, use the manufacturer’s recommended
8.1 Transfer efficiency measurement requires that accurate cure schedule, and
measurement be made of the quantity of paint material used in 9.11.3 Electrical resistivity for samples applied electrostati-
the application process during the time period associated with cally.
D 5286
9.12 Number each part, before weighing, using a permanent The volume of any objects in the measurement zone such as
marking pen. agitator shafts, fill pipes, etc. must be subtracted from the total
9.13 Weigh each part and record the uncoated weight, W volume. Calculate the volume of paint used, V by multiplying
i
and the part number. this difference in liquid levels, before and
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