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ASTM D4069-95(2020)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Impregnated Activated Carbon Used to Remove Gaseous Radio-Iodines from Gas Streams

Standard Specification for Impregnated Activated Carbon Used to Remove Gaseous Radio-Iodines from Gas Streams

ABSTRACT
This standard covers the specifications for physical properties and performance requirements of virgin impregnated activated carbon to be used for the removal of gaseous radioiodine species from gas streams. The activated carbon furnished under this specification shall be virgin material. Each batch of impregnated activated carbon shall conform to the requirements for physical properties prescribed. The following test methods shall used to determine the physical properties and performance capability of the sample: apparent density; particle size distribution; ash content; moisture content; ignition temperature; ball-pan hardness; and pH.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Activated carbons used in containment systems for nuclear reactors must be capable of functioning under both normal operating conditions and those conditions which may exist following a design basis accident (DBA). Adsorbent beds that are part of recirculatory systems inside containment may be exposed to the peak pressure, temperature, and steam content of a post-DBA condition.  
5.2 Carbon beds outside containment will be protected by fast-acting shutoff valves from the sudden rise in pressure, temperature, and humidity of the containment atmosphere which would exist following a DBA. However, some rise in temperature and humidity will be experienced even by beds outside containment if they are reconnected to containment after the initial pressure rise (due to escape of steam into the containment volume) has been reduced by containment coolers. The amount of radioactivity that can reach either type of adsorption system is conceivably quite high; hence, there is a possibility of a bed temperature rise due to decay heating. The gaseous radioactive contaminants of most interest are organic iodides. In this test, CH3I is used to typify the performance of the carbon on organic iodine compounds in general. The test described here provide a reasonable picture of the effectiveness of an activated carbon for organic iodides under normal and post-DBA conditions. The equipment and methods described can be used, with discretion, for similar tests at different gas flow conditions and, to some extent, on different gaseous radioactive contaminants and other adsorbents.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers the specifications for physical properties and performance requirements of virgin impregnated activated carbon to be used for the removal of gaseous radioiodine species from gas streams.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Jun-2020
ICS
71.040.30 - Chemical reagents
Technical Committee
D28 - Activated Carbon
Drafting Committee
D28.04 - Gas Phase Evaluation Tests
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4069-95(2014) - Standard Specification for Impregnated Activated Carbon Used to Remove Gaseous Radio-Iodines from Gas Streams
Effective Date
01-Jul-2020
Refers
ASTM D3838-23 - Standard Test Method for pH of Activated Carbon
Effective Date
01-Dec-2023
Refers
ASTM D3466-06(2023) - Standard Test Method for Ignition Temperature of Granular Activated Carbon
Effective Date
01-Dec-2023
Refers
ASTM D3466-06(2018) - Standard Test Method for Ignition Temperature of Granular Activated Carbon
Effective Date
01-Jun-2018
Refers
ASTM D2866-11(2018) - Standard Test Method for Total Ash Content of Activated Carbon
Effective Date
01-Jun-2018
Refers
ASTM D3838-05(2017) - Standard Test Method for pH of Activated Carbon
Effective Date
01-Mar-2017
Refers
ASTM D2854-09(2014) - Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Activated Carbon
Effective Date
01-Jul-2014
Refers
ASTM D2652-11 - Standard Terminology Relating to Activated Carbon
Effective Date
15-Jun-2011
Refers
ASTM D2866-11 - Standard Test Method for Total Ash Content of Activated Carbon
Effective Date
01-May-2011
Refers
ASTM D3466-06(2011) - Standard Test Method for Ignition Temperature of Granular Activated Carbon
Effective Date
01-Mar-2011
Refers
ASTM D3838-05(2011) - Standard Test Method for pH of Activated Carbon
Effective Date
01-Mar-2011
Refers
ASTM D3802-10 - Standard Test Method for Ball-Pan Hardness of Activated Carbon
Effective Date
01-Apr-2010
Refers
ASTM D2867-09 - Standard Test Methods for Moisture in Activated Carbon
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009
Refers
ASTM D2862-97(2009) - Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Granular Activated Carbon
Effective Date
01-Sep-2009
Refers
ASTM D2862-97(2009)e1 - Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Granular Activated Carbon
Effective Date
01-Sep-2009

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ASTM D4069-95(2020) - Standard Specification for Impregnated Activated Carbon Used to Remove Gaseous Radio-Iodines from Gas StreamsASTM D4069-95(2020) - Standard Specification for Impregnated Activated Carbon Used to Remove Gaseous Radio-Iodines from Gas Streams
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ASTM D4069-95(2020) - Standard Specification for Impregnated Activated Carbon Used to Remove Gaseous Radio-Iodines from Gas Streams
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Standards Content (Sample)


This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4069 −95 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Specification for
Impregnated Activated Carbon Used to Remove Gaseous
Radio-Iodines from Gas Streams
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4069; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 ANSI/ASME Standard:
NQA-1 Quality Assurance Program Requirements for
1.1 This standard covers the specifications for physical
Nuclear Facilities
properties and performance requirements of virgin impreg-
nated activated carbon to be used for the removal of gaseous
3. Terminology
radioiodine species from gas streams.
3.1 Definitions—Definitions relating to this specification are
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
given in Terminology D2652.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
standard.
3.2.1 lot—a quantity of impregnated activated carbon of the
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
same grade or type, consisting of one or more batches, that has
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
beenproducedunderthesamemanufacturer’sproductionorder
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
using the same manufacturing procedure and equipment.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.2 batch—a quantity of impregnated activated carbon of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
the same grade or type that has been produced using the same
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
manufacturing procedures and equipment, and that has been
homogenized so as to exhibit the same physical properties and
2. Referenced Documents
performance characteristics throughout its mass.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
NOTE 1—The maximum allowable batch size shall be 10 m.
D2652 Terminology Relating to Activated Carbon
D2854 Test Method for Apparent Density of Activated 3.2.3 qualification test—a one-time test performed on each
Carbon
of three grab samples taken randomly from a single homog-
D2862 Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Granu-
enized batch of a vendor’s grade or type of impregnated
lar Activated Carbon activated carbon to determine its suitability for the purpose
D2866 Test Method for Total Ash Content of Activated
stated herein. The size of each grab sample should be at least
Carbon 500 cm.
D2867 Test Methods for Moisture in Activated Carbon
3.2.4 batch test—a test performed on a representative
D3466 Test Method for Ignition Temperature of Granular
sample of each batch of the same grade or type of impregnated
Activated Carbon
activated carbon to determine whether that batch meets the
D3802 Test Method for Ball-Pan Hardness of Activated
specification prescribed herein.
Carbon
3.2.5 grade or type—the manufacturer’s designation for an
D3803 Test Method for Nuclear-Grade Activated Carbon
impregnated activated carbon having a given set of perfor-
D3838 Test Method for pH of Activated Carbon
mance capabilities and physical properties.
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
4. Materials and Manufacture
1 4.1 The activated carbon furnished under this specification
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D28 on
Activated Carbon and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D28.04 on Gas shall be virgin material. Reactivated carbon shall not be used.
Phase Evaluation Tests.
4.2 Impregnated activated carbon furnished under this
Current edition approved July 1, 2020. Published July 2020. Originally approved
in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D4069 – 95 (2014). DOI: specification shall be subject to the document control provi-
10.1520/D4069-95R20.
sions of Section 7 of ANSI NQA-1.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4069 − 95 (2020)
TABLE 1 Physical Properties
4.3 Materials used in the manufacture of impregnated acti-
vated carbon furnished under this specification shall be trace- Test Test Method Specification
able as provided in Section 9 of ANSI NQA-1. Apparent density D2854 0.38 g/mL, min
Particle size distribution, D2862
ASTM E11 Sieves:
5. Significance and Use
Retained on No. 6 0.1 %, max
Retained on No. 8 5.0 %, max
5.1 Activated carbons used in containment systems for
Through No. 8, Retained 60.0 %, max
nuclear reactors must be capable of functioning under both on No. 12
Through No. 12, Retained 40.0 %, min
normal operating conditions and those conditions which may
on No. 16
exist following a design basis accident (DBA).Adsorbent beds
Through No. 16 5.0 %, max
that are part of recirculatory systems inside containment may Through No. 18 1.0 %, max
A
Ash content D2866 State value
be exposed to the peak pressure, temperature, and steam
Moisture content D2867 State value
content of a post-DBA condition.
Ignition temperature D3466 330 °C, min
Ball-pan hardness D3802 92.0 %, min
5.2 Carbon beds outside containment will be protected by
pH D3838 State value
fast-acting shutoff valves from the sudden rise in pressure,
A
This test to be performed on the base carbon prior to impregnation.
temperature, and humidity of the containment atmosphere
which would exist following a DBA. However, some rise in
temperature and humidity will be experienced even by beds
10. Number of Tests and Retests
outside containment if they are reconnected to containment
10.1 Each batch test specified in Section 8 and Table 1 shall
after the initial pressure rise (due to escape of steam into the
be performed at least once on each batch of carbon unless the
containment volume) has been reduced by containment cool-
test method prescribes a greater number of tests.
ers. The amount of
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the activation level of activated carbon. Butane activity (BA) is defined herein as the ratio (in percent) of the mass of butane adsorbed by an activated carbon sample to the mass of the sample, when the carbon is saturated with butane under the conditions listed in this test method.  
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4.1 The moisture content of activated carbon is often required to define and express its properties in relation to the net weight of the carbon.  
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ASTM D3803-91(2022)(Test Method)
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SCOPE
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4.1 Three forces can mechanically degrade a granular activated carbon: impact, crushing, and attrition. Of these three, attrition, or abrasion, is the most common cause of dust formation in actual service. Published test procedures to determine the “hardness” of activated carbons produce results that in general cannot be correlated with field experience. For example, the ball-pan hardness test applies all three forces to the sample in a variable manner determined by the size, shape, and density of the particles. The “stirring bar” abrasion test measures attrition so long as the particle size is smaller than 12 mesh. There is some evidence, however, that the results of this test method are influenced by particle geometry. The procedure set forth in this guide measures the effect of friction forces between vibrating or slowly moving particles during the test and may be only slightly dependent on particle size, shape, and density effects.
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ASTM D6586-03(2021)(Practice)
Standard Practice for the Prediction of Contaminant Adsorption on GAC in Aqueous Systems Using Rapid Small-Scale Column Tests

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Granular activated carbon (GAC) is commonly used to remove contaminants from water. However if not used properly, GAC can not only be expensive but can at times be ineffective. The development of engineering data for the design of full-scale adsorbers often requires time-consuming and expensive pilot plant studies. This rapid standard practice has been developed to predict adsorption in large-scale adsorbers based upon results from small column testing. In contrast to pilot plant studies, the small-scale column test presented in this practice does not allow for a running evaluation of factors that may affect GAC performance over time. Such factors may include, for example, an increased removal of target compounds by bacterial colonizing GAC3 or long-term fouling of GAC caused by inorganic compounds or background organic matter.4 Nevertheless, this practice offers more relevant operational data than isotherm testing without the principal drawbacks of pilot plant studies, namely time and expense; and unlike pilot plant studies, small-scale studies can be performed in a laboratory using water sampled from a remote location.  
5.2 This practice known as the rapid small-scale column test (RSSCT) uses empty bed contact time (EBCT) and hydraulic loading to describe the adsorption process. Mean carbon particle diameter is used to scale RSSCT results to predict the performance of a full-scale adsorber.  
5.3 This practice can be used to compare the effectiveness of different activated carbons for the removal of contaminants from a common water stream.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a test method for the evaluation of granular activated carbon (GAC) for the adsorption of soluble pollutants from water. This practice can be used to estimate the operating capacities of virgin and reactivated granular activated carbons. The results obtained from the small-scale column testing can be used to predict the adsorption of target compounds on GAC in a large column or full-scale adsorber application.  
1.2 This practice can be applied to all types of water including synthetically contaminated water (prepared by spiking high-purity water with selected contaminants), potable waters, industrial wastewaters, sanitary wastes, and effluent waters.  
1.3 This practice is useful for the determination of breakthrough curves for specific contaminants in water, the determination of the lengths of the adsorbates mass transfer zones (MTZ), and the prediction of GAC usage rates for larger scale adsorbers.  
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ASTM D5029-98(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Water Solubles in Activated Carbon

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In certain applications, the ash, color, conductivity, or pH of the finished activated carbon product may be influenced by the quantity of water solubles it contains. This water solubles test provides a relative indication of the quantity of soluble materials that may be extracted from various activated carbons.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the water-soluble content of (unused) granular and powdered activated carbons. Water solubles are materials that can be extracted by distilled water under reflux conditions and are expressed as a percentage of dry carbon weight.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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