ASTM D2862-97(2009)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Granular Activated Carbon
Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Granular Activated Carbon
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
It is necessary to know the distribution of particle sizes of granular activated carbon in order to provide proper contact of gases or liquid in a packed bed of the material. Changes in particle size distribution can affect the pressure drop across the bed and the rate of adsorption in a bed of a given size.
Mean particle diameter is a property of activated carbons that influences pressure drop.
Effective size and uniformity coefficient are two properties of activated carbons often of interest in municipal water treatment applications where control of particle size is of interest.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle size distribution of granular activated carbon. For the purposes of this test, granular activated carbon is defined as a minimum of 90 % of the sample weight being retained on a 180-μm Standard sieve. A U.S. mesh 80 sieve is equivalent to a 180–μm Standard sieve.
Note 1—For extruded carbons, as the length/diameter ratio of the particles increases, the validity of the test results might be affected.
1.2 The data obtained may also be used to calculate mean particle diameter (MPD), effective size, and uniformity coefficient.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3.1 Exception—All mass measurements are in SI units only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D2862–97 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Particle Size Distribution of Granular Activated Carbon
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2862; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
´ NOTE—Subsection 1.3 added editorially in October 2009.
1. Scope E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle
3. Summary of Test Method
size distribution of granular activated carbon. For the purposes
3.1 A known weight of granular activated carbon is placed
of this test, granular activated carbon is defined as a minimum
on the top sieve of a stacked set of U.S. Standard sieves and
of 90 % of the sample weight being retained on a 180-µm
shaken under standard conditions for a specific time period,
Standardsieve.AU.S.mesh80sieveisequivalenttoa180–µm
after which the weight percent of the total retained on each
Standard sieve.
sieve and bottom pan is determined.
NOTE 1—For extruded carbons, as the length/diameter ratio of the
particles increases, the validity of the test results might be affected.
4. Significance and Use
1.2 The data obtained may also be used to calculate mean
4.1 It is necessary to know the distribution of particle sizes
particle diameter (MPD), effective size, and uniformity coef- of granular activated carbon in order to provide proper contact
ficient.
of gases or liquid in a packed bed of the material. Changes in
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded particle size distribution can affect the pressure drop across the
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
bed and the rate of adsorption in a bed of a given size.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only 4.2 Mean particle diameter is a property of activated car-
and are not considered standard.
bons that influences pressure drop.
1.3.1 Exception—All mass measurements are in SI units 4.3 Effective size and uniformity coefficient are two prop-
only. erties of activated carbons often of interest in municipal water
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
treatment applications where control of particle size is of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the interest.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Apparatus
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 5.1 Mechanical Sieve Shaker —This is a mechanically
operated sieve shaker that imparts a uniform rotating and
2. Referenced Documents
tapping motion to a stack of 8-in. (203-mm or equivalent)
2.1 ASTM Standards:
sieves as described in 5.2. The sieve shaker should be adjusted
D2652 Terminology Relating to Activated Carbon to accommodate the desired number of sieves, receiver pan,
D2854 Test Method for Apparent Density of Activated
and sieve cover. The bottom stops should be adjusted to give a
Carbon clearance of approximately ⁄16 in. (1.5 mm) between the upper
E11 SpecificationforWovenWireTestSieveClothandTest
carrying plate stops and the sieve cover plate, so that the sieves
Sieves will be free to rotate. The sieve shaker shall be powered with
⁄4-hp(186-W)electricmotorproducing1725to1750rpm.The
sieve shaker should produce 140 to 160 raps per minute with
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D28 on
Activated Carbon and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D28.04 on Gas
the striker arm and 280 to 320 rotating motions per minute of
Phase Evaluation Tests.
the sieve stack. The cover plate shall be fitted with a cork
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published September 2009. Originally
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D2862 – 97 (2004).
DOI: 10.1520/D2862-97R09E01.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or TheTyler Ro-Tap Model RX-19-1 has been used in developing this test. Newer
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM models may not produce the same separations (Model RX-19-2 is equivalent to
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Model RX-19-1). This model is available from Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA
the ASTM website. 15238.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D2862–97 (2009)
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stopper that shall extend ⁄4 6 ⁄8 in. (6.35 6 3.18 mm) above retain the capability to cross check the results of particle size
the metal recess.At no time shall any material other than cork distribution analysis between the mechanical device described
be permitted. above and any newer sieving system.
5.2 Sieves—U.S. Standard sieves or equivalent conforming
to Specification E11. The sieves shall be either 2 in. (51 mm)
6. Sampling
(full height) or 1 in. (25 mm.) (half height) in height, and 8 in.
6.1 Collect and prepare the granular activated carbon
(203 mm or equivalent) in diameter.
samples in accordance with Practice E300.
5.3 Bottom Receiver Pan and Top Sieve Cover.
5.4 Interval Timer, adjustable, with an accuracy of 610 s.
7. Procedure
5.5 Sample Splitter, single-stage riffle type.
7.1 Stackthesievestobeusedonthebottomreceiverpanin
5.6 Balance, with a sensitivity of 0.1 g.
4 order of increasing sieve opening from bottom to top.
5.7 Soft Brass Wire Brush.
7.2 Prepare a sample of activated carbon as follows:
5.8 Cylinder, glass, graduated, 250-mL capacity.
7.2.1 Mix the gross sample, obtained by Practice E300,by
5.9 EquivalentApparatus—Newer technology may produce
passing it through a single-stage riffle type sample splitter and
devices that can perform an equivalent function to the me-
recombining twice. Then pass the mixed sample through the
chanical sieve shaker described in 5.1, for which this method
riffle so as to obtain an approximate 250-mL of sample.
was originally developed (Tyler model RX-19–1 or –2). In the
7.2.2 Using the apparent density apparatus described inTest
case of newer devices being used, the tester should validate the
Method D2854, obtain a test sample of 200 mL from each
equivalency of the newer device to that of theASTM standard
sample. If the apparent density is less than 0.35 g/cc, a 50 g
tester (or its successors, for example, Tyler model RX-29) and
sample will be adequate, greater than 0.35 g/cc, use a sample
not to exceed 100 g. In all cases, volume of the sample should
not exceed 200 ml.
W. S. Tyler Model 1778-S.B. or equivalent has been found satisfactory.
FIG. 1 Cumulative Particle Size Distribution Curve
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D2862–97 (2009)
NOTE 2—If the apparent density of the sample has been determined, a
where:
calculated weight of sample equivalent to 200 6 10 mL may be used for
each of the riffled samples.
R = percent retained in a sieve fraction,
7.2.3 Weigh each
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