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ASTM D1283-85(2001)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Alkali-Soluability of Wools

Standard Test Method for Alkali-Soluability of Wools

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a chemical procedure for determination of the amount of wool substance soluble in alkali under standard conditions and is applicable to wool in scoured fiber form, or as fiber obtained from yarn or from woven or nonwoven fabric.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in SI units are provided for information only.
Note 1--This test method is applicable to other animal fibers although the level of alkali-solubility may be different from wool. With individual animal fibers, undamaged solubility should be determined before attempting to assess damage on an unknown sample.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2000
ICS
59.060.10 - Natural fibres
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.13 - Wool and Felt
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1283-85(1995)e1 - Standard Test Method for Alkali-Soluability of Wools
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001
Replaced By
ASTM D1283-05 - Standard Test Method for Alkali-Soluability of Wools
Effective Date
01-Sep-2005
Referred By
ASTM D4845-10(2018) - Standard Terminology Relating to Wool
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001

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ASTM D1283-85(2001) - Standard Test Method for Alkali-Soluability of Wools
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D1283–85 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Test Method for
1
Alkali-Solubility of Wools
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1283; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 wool, n—the fibrous covering of the sheep, Ovis
species.
1.1 This test method covers a chemical procedure for
3.1.3 For definitions of textile terms used in this test
determinationoftheamountofwoolsubstancesolubleinalkali
method, refer to Terminology D 123.
under standard conditions and is applicable to wool in scoured
fiber form, or as fiber obtained from yarn or from woven or
4. Summary of Test Method
nonwoven fabric.
4.1 Specimens are maintained at a stipulated constant tem-
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound are to be regarded as
peratureinacausticsolutionforaspecifiedperiodoftime.The
standard. The values stated in SI units are provided for
percentage of alkali-solubility is calculated from the loss in
information only.
mass of the specimen.
NOTE 1—This test method is applicable to other animal fibers although
the level of alkali-solubility may be different from wool. With individual
5. Significance and Use
animal fibers, undamaged solubility should be determined before attempt-
5.1 Alkali-solubility is an indication of the degree of dam-
ing to assess damage on an unknown sample.
age to wool resulting from certain chemical treatments, par-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ticularly when test results on the same wool, before such
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
treatment, are available.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1.1 Undamaged scoured wool has typical alkali-solubility
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
in the range of 9 to 15 %. Fine, undamaged wool normally will
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
exhibit higher solubility than coarse wool, because of greater
surface area per unit mass of fiber.
2. Referenced Documents
5.2 This test method is not recommended for use on wool
2.1 ASTM Standards:
known to have sustained alkali damage.
2
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
5.2.1 Alkali-damagedwoolhashadmaterialsolubilizedthat
D 1060 Practice for Core Sampling of Raw Wool in Pack-
ordinarilywouldbeincludedinthealkali-solubilitytestresults.
ages for Determination of Percentage of Clean Wool Fiber
5.3 Although results in one laboratory cannot usually be
2
Present
verified in another laboratory, this test method is considered
3
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
satisfactory for acceptance testing because it has been used
4
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
extensively in the trade for this purpose and because it is the
E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
only available method for assessing damage to wool by an
5
poses
alkali solubility procedure. Comparative tests as directed in
5.3.1 are advisable before Test Method D 1283 is used for
3. Terminology
acceptance testing.
3.1 Definitions:
5.3.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
3.1.1 alkali-solubility, n—in wool,thepercentofcleanwool
reported test results when using Test Method D 1283 for
that is soluble in a specified alkaline solution under controlled
acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and
conditions of temperature and time.
the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if
there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent
statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
bias.As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Wool Felt.
specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which
Current edition approved July 26, 1985. Published September 1985. Originally
published as D 1283 – 53 T. Last previous edition D 1283 – 84.
are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
4
to each laboratory for testing. The average result from the two
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. laboratories should be compared using Student’s t-test for
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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D1283
unpaireddataandanacceptableprobabilityleve
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ASTM D2462-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Moisture in Wool by Distillation With Toluene

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D2462 for testing for moisture in wool is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Method D2462 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative testing to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of the bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogenous as possible and that are from a lot of the type material in question. The test specimens should be assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-Test for unpaired data and an acceptance probability level chosen by the two parties before the test is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 This test method is the preferred method for all suitable samples of wool where it is important to obtain a result free from the possible biases, introduced by the conditions discussed in 5.3 and 5.4.  
5.3 This test method is free from the interferences caused by different conditions of ambient atmosphere such as might affect the results of oven-drying. A slight amount of residual moisture may be retained in a specimen subjected to oven-drying because of the relative humidity of the ambient air; however, the amount of moisture retained may be estimated from published data.3  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of moisture present in grease wool, scoured wool, carded wool, garnetted wool, wool top and intermediate wool products, and rovings, by distillation with toluene.  
1.2 Equations are given for calculating the amount of water present as moisture content (as-received basis) and moisture regain (dry fiber) basis. The term that corresponds to the basis used in the calculation and report must always be stated.  
1.3 This test method is not applicable to material known to contain any steam-distillable, water-soluble matter. If it is suspected that such matter is present, the method should be used with caution.  
1.4 Xylene or other solvents should not be substituted for toluene as no other solvents have been evaluated for use in this standard.  
Note 1: The determination of moisture in wool by oven-drying is covered in Test Method D1576 and for textile materials in general in Test Methods D2654. A method for sampling wool for the determination of moisture in wool is covered in Practice D2525.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific safety hazard statements, see Section 8.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D2968 for the determination of med and kemp fibers by microprojection may be used for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of wool and other animal fibers, but caution is advised since only a few types of animal fibers have been subjected to interlaboratory tests to ascertain the precision of tests for med and kemp fibers by this test method. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.  
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5.2 Knowledge of the incidence of med fibers and kemp fibers in wool and other animal fibers is of importance to manufacturers of woven or knitted fabrics because of the apparent dye resistance and light reflectance qualities of these fibers. This is not to imply that all kemp fibers will resist dye and all med fibers will accept dye normally. In practice, a proportion of kemp fibers will appear normal after dyeing and a proportion of med fibers will appear chalky white after dyeing. From the perspective of visual and aesthetic problems, medullated fibers hav...
SCOPE
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1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8394-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Automated Measurement of Maturity, Fineness, Ribbon Width, and Micronaire of Cotton Fibers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Cotton fiber that is on average finer and more mature is more desirable than coarse or immature fiber, although distinction between these qualities cannot be made quickly and accurately using current test methods. Immature fibers break more easily during processing and have a tendency to form into neps (small entanglements) during processing in the spinning mill. These consequences adversely affect yarn and fabric quality and appearance. Yarn and fabric produced from immature fiber is typically also less lustrous and does not take up dye consistently so yarn and fabric appearance may be different after dyeing.  
5.2 Maturity has a high positive correlation with fiber length and strength but genetic differences and differences in fiber wall thickness caused by plant diseases, soil, and water conditions during the growing season interfere with this relationship.  
5.2.1 Fine fibers are required for fine count yarn manufacture and fiber fineness affects yarn count, evenness and strength. Both fineness and ribbon width are strong genetic traits evident between species and affected by growing conditions within species.  
5.2.2 Micronaire has traditionally been used as a measure of fiber fineness although the value actually measures fiber specific surface area or surface area per unit weight. As a result, micronaire varies concomitantly with both maturity and fineness (see Fig. 2). Maturity and fineness are related to micronaire via Lord’s equation.4
FIG. 2 Relationship Between Micronaire (X), Fineness (H), and Maturity (M)  
5.3 Cottonscope values have been judged against fineness, maturity and ribbon width values produced by examination of thousands of individual, magnified fiber cross-sections. Relationships with equivalent values by these and other older test methods are highly significant5,6 particularly if the number of cross-sections analyzed is high (>3000) and the cross-sections are carefully prepared and measured. Cottonscope measures approximately 20,...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of linear density (gravimetric fineness hereafter stated as fineness), maturity, micronaire, and ribbon width of cotton fibers from a loose, chemically untreated sample taken before harvest, during ginning, during mill processing or unraveled from raw (undyed) yarn or fabric.  
1.2 This test method requires the use of an integrated instrument, for example, the Cottonscope (see Fig. 1), that measures the maturity, fineness, ribbon width, and micronaire of cotton fiber.2
FIG. 1 Cottonscope Instrument
Note 1: For another test method to determine the maturity of cotton fibers, refer to Test Method D1442.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
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